Ngaba umntwana wakho uhlala elahleka kwihlabathi leengcinga, engazinaki izifundo zeklasi esikolweni? Ngaba ubaleka aze angakwazi ukugcina ingqondo yakhe kwindawo enye emva kokuba enikwe umsebenzi wesikolo? Okanye ngaba uhlala edideka xa engakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye? Xa ubona izinto ezinje, usenokuba ukhe wacinga, "Ngaba le yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-ADHD?" Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-ADD. Yintoni kanye kanye i-ADD kunye ne-ADHD? Ngaba kukho umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini? Mhlawumbi nawe ubunale nto ukususela ebuntwaneni kwaye usenokuba awuzange uyiqonde. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokucacileyo namhlanje.
ADD kunye ne-ADHD: Ngaba kukho umahluko ngokwenene?
Ngamafutshane, akukho mahluko mkhulu. Omabini la magama asetyenziselwa ukuchaza imeko efanayo. Kodwa oogqirha abasasebenzisi igama elithi 'ADD'. Ligama elidala kakhulu, eliphelelwe lixesha. Usenokuva abantu besithi ADD, kodwa ayiloxilongo olusemthethweni lwezonyango. Namhlanje, ukuba umntu ufunyaniswa eneempawu ze-ADD, uhlelwa njengolunye lweentlobo ezintathu ze-ADHD.
Ngaphambili, oko sikubiza ngokuba yi-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) kwakubizwa ngokuba yi-ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder). Kwakhona, oogqirha ngoku bayazi ukuba le meko ayipheleli nje ebuntwaneni, kodwa inokuqhubeka de kube ngumntu omdala.
La magama atshintshe njani?
Imbali yoku ilula kakhulu. Ngeminyaka yoo-1980, incwadi ephambili echaza iimeko zempilo yengqondo, i-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), yanika esi sifo igama elithi 'attention deficit disorder', okanye 'ADD'. Ngelo xesha, sahlulwe saba ziintlobo ezimbini - xa sinoxinzelelo olukhulu kunye naxa singenalo.
Kodwa ngo-1987, oogqirha batshintsha igama laba yi-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Emva koko ngo-1994, le meko yahlulwahlulwa yaba ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili. Sisayisebenzisa loo ndlela yokuhlela nanamhlanje.
Iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-ADHD kunye neempawu zazo
I-ADHD yimeko echaphazela ukusebenza kwengqondo. Ingachaphazela ukusebenza komntwana kwemihla ngemihla, ekhaya nasesikolweni. Abantwana abanale meko banengxaki yokunikela ingqalelo, ukulawula indlela abaziphatha ngayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha baba nomdla kakhulu.
I-ADHD yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili. Makhe sijonge ezi ntlobo zintathu kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nazo kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Uhlobo lwe-ADHD | Iimpawu eziphambili kunye nokuziphatha |
|---|---|
| 1. Intetho Engakhathaliyo Kakhulu (Oku bekubizwa ngokuba yi-ADD ngaphambili) | Aba bantwana abalwi kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukubabona. Basenokubonakala beneentloni kwaye "bekwihlabathi labo."
|
| 2. Ukubonakaliswa Okugqithisileyo Nokushukuma Okugqithisileyo | Aba bantwana banamandla amaninzi. Abanakuhlala kwindawo enye, bahlala behamba. Oku kubonakala lula kwabanye.
|
| 3. Inkcazo-ntetho edibeneyo | Aba bantwana baneempawu zazo zombini ezi ntlobo zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Oko kukuthi, banokubonwa njengabantu abakhutheleyo nabangenamdla kunye nokungakhathali . Banobunzima bokunikel' ingqalelo, kwaye bahlala behambahamba, abakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye. |
Ifunyaniswa njani i-ADHD?
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Akukho vavanyo lunye olunokuqinisekisa ukuba unayo na i-ADHD okanye awunayo.Oko kuthetha ukuba oku akunakufunyanwa ngoko nangoko ngovavanyo lwegazi okanye ngeskeni.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba unengxaki ngokuziphatha komntwana wakho, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubonane nogqirha onamava, njengogqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wengqondo.
Ugqirha ulandela amanyathelo aliqela ukuze afumanise esi sifo:
- Ukuqokelela ulwazi: Ugqirha uza kukubuza, ootitshala bomntwana, kunye nabanye abantu abadala abamazi kakuhle umntwana malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho ngokweenkcukacha.
- Uthelekiso lokuziphatha: Ukuziphatha komntwana kuthelekiswa nokuziphatha okuqhelekileyo kwabanye abantwana abaneminyaka efanayo.
- Ukuthintela ezinye iimeko: Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu ezibonakala ngathi yi-ADHD zinokubangelwa zezinye iimeko. Umzekelo:
- Iingxaki zokulala
- Ixhala kunye noxinzelelo
- Ukukhubazeka kokufunda
- Utshintsho olukhulu kusapho (uqhawulo-mtshato, ukufa)
- Iingxaki ze-thyroid
- Ukuxhuzula okungabonakaliyo (Ukuxhuzula)
Ngoko ke, ugqirha ufikelela kwisigqibo emva kokuqwalasela konke oku. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-`(NEBA) System`, elinganisa amaza obuchopho, zingasetyenziswa, kodwa oko kwenziwa njengenxalenye yovavanyo olupheleleyo lwezonyango.
Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kuchongwa isifo
Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba une-ADHD, ezi mpawu kufuneka zibe zikhona kangangexesha elithile.
- Iimpawu kufuneka zihlale ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-6 .
- Ezinye iimpawu kufuneka ukuba zaqala ngaphambi kokuba zibe neminyaka eli-12 ubudala .
- Ezi mpawu mazibonakale kwiindawo ezimbini nangaphezulu (umz., ekhaya nasesikolweni).
- Ezi mpawu kufuneka zibe nefuthe elikhulu kubomi bomntwana bentlalo, umsebenzi wesikolo, okanye eminye imisebenzi.
Ngaba nabantu abadala banokuba ne-ADHD?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. I-ADHD ayisiyonto iphelela ebuntwaneni. Abantu abaninzi ababene-ADHD besebancinci bayaqhubeka benayo le meko de babe badala. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa abazali bezama ukufumanisa ukuba umntwana wabo une-ADHD, bayaqonda ukuba nabo baneempawu ezifanayo. Ukuba ungumntu omdala kwaye ucinga ukuba unokuba ne-ADHD, akukaze kube kudala ukubona ugqirha wengqondo ukuze ufumane impendulo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADD ligama elidala elisetyenziselwa imeko ye-ADHD. Igama lezonyango elichanekileyo ngoku yi-ADHD.
- I-ADHD yahlulwe yangamaqela amathathu aphambili: uhlobo lokungakhathali, uhlobo olusebenza kakhulu/oluqhutywa yingqondo, kunye nohlobo oluxutyiweyo, oluyindibaniselwano yazo zombini.
- Ukuba umntwana urhanelwa ukuba une-ADHD, kubalulekile ukubona ukuba iimpawu zikho na ekhaya nasesikolweni.
- Kuphephe ukuzixilonga. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-ADHD, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha ukuze ufumane ulwalathiso olufanelekileyo kunye nonyango.
- I-ADHD yimeko eqala ebuntwaneni ize iqhubeke de ibe ngumntu omdala. Ingaxilongwa kwaye inyangwe nangaliphi na ixesha.
💬 Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.
Add Your Comment