Ngaba nawe unengxaki yokuqaphela izinto ezithile? Masithethe nge-Agnosia!

Khawuthelekelele, ubona umhlobo omazi kakuhle esitalatweni. Ungambona ubuso bakhe ngokucacileyo, ungamva ethetha, kodwa uvakalelwa ngendlela engaqhelekanga yokuba awukwazi ukumbona. Okanye, uthatha ikomityi, ikama, okanye isitshixo osisebenzisa yonke imihla kwaye awukwazi ukuqonda, "Yintoni le?" Kubonakala kungaqhelekanga, akunjalo? Ngaba oku kuye kwenzeka nakuwe? Mhlawumbi oku kungenxa yesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-agnosia, esiza kuthetha ngaso namhlanje. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngale nto ngokulula nangokucacileyo.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-Agnosia?

Ngamafutshane, i-agnosia yimeko apho ingqondo yethu ingakwaziyo ukuqaphela into ethile. Into emangalisayo kukuba, kule meko, iimvakalelo zethu, oko kukuthi, amehlo, iindlebe, impumlo, ulwimi, ulusu, njl.njl., zisebenza kakuhle. Oko kuthetha ukuba unokubona, uve, unuke, ungcamle, kwaye uchukumise. Nangona kunjalo, ichaphazela amandla engqondo okutolika ngokuchanekileyo ulwazi oluya engqondweni oluvela kwezo mvakalelo kwaye luqonde, "Owu... yile nto."

Khawuthelekelele, amehlo akho afana nekhamera. Athatha umfanekiso. Iindlebe zakho zifana nemakrofoni, zirekhoda isandi. Kodwa, oku kufana nengxaki kwisoftware yokuchonga okukuloo mfanekiso kunye noko kukwiso sandi. Iimvakalelo ziyasebenza, kodwa ingqondo ayinakuyicubungula kwaye iyiqonde.

Le meko inokuchaphazela zonke izivamvo zethu ezintlanu. Oko kukuthi, ukubona, ukuva, ukuvumba, ukungcamla, kunye nokuchukumisa. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona sinokuyibona into xa imile, asinakuyibona xa ishukuma.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko? Ixhaphake kangakanani?

I-Agnosia inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, kodwa idla ngokunxulunyaniswa neemeko ezithile ezinxulumene nengqondo. Ezinye zezi meko zinxulunyaniswa nokwaluphala.

Nangona kunjalo, esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga . Ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabantu abanyangelwa izifo zobuchopho banenye yezi ntlobo ze-agnosia. Ngoko ke musani ukoyika ngokungeyomfuneko.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Agnosia kunye ne-Aphasia?

La magama mabini afana kancinci, ngoko ke kulula ukudideka. Kodwa ziimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Zombini zibandakanya umonakalo kwinxalenye ethile yengqondo, kodwa indlela umonakalo ochaphazela ngayo ingqondo yahlukile.

• I-Agnosia kukungakwazi ukubona ulwazi olufunyenwe kwenye yeengqondo zethu (umz., umbono, ukuva) ngenxa yomonakalo wobuchopho. Iingqondo zakho zisebenza kakuhle, kodwa inxalenye yengqondo ecubungula olo lwazi ayisebenzi.
• I-Aphasia yingxaki yezakhono zolwimi (ukuthetha, ukufumana amagama) ebangelwa kukonakala kweendawo ezithile zobuchopho. Oku kunokubangela isantya sokuthetha esicothayo, ubunzima bokusebenzisa amagama afanelekileyo, okanye ukungakwazi ukuthetha konke konke.

Ngamafutshane, i-agnosia yingxaki yokuqaphela , ngelixa i-aphasia yingxaki yolwimi .

Zithini iimpawu ze-Agnosia?

Iimpawu zolu hlobo lwe-agnosia ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisitho seemvakalelo esichaphazelekayo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-agnosia:

1. I-Agnosia yokuqonda: Le yingxaki yokuqonda . Nangona iimvakalelo zisebenza, ingqondo ayikwazi ukuqonda ulwazi ngokufanelekileyo.

• Umzekelo: Ukuba uboniswa ikati, awunakuyibona njengekati. Ngokufanayo, ukuba uboniswa imifanekiso emininzi yekati enye, awunakuyiqonda ukuba yonke ifana.

2. I-Associative agnosia: Le yingxaki yokuqaphela . Ingqondo ingathatha ulwazi kwiimvakalelo ize ilusebenzise. Nangona kunjalo, ayikwazi ukuchonga okanye ukuqonda ukuba loluphi olo lwazi.

• Umzekelo: Xa uboniswa imifanekiso emininzi yekati efanayo njengangaphambili, uyaqonda ukuba zonke zivela kumfanekiso ofanayo. Nangona kunjalo, awukwazi ukubona ukuba umfanekiso yikati.

Lo mahluko uncinci kakhulu, kodwa ubaluleke kakhulu.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-agnosia?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-agnosia, kuxhomekeke kwindlela ezichaphazela ngayo iimvakalelo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili.

Ii-Agnosias ezibonakalayo

Ezinye zezi:

• UAkinetopsia: Kule nto, unokuzibona izinto, kodwa awukwazi ukubona ukuba ziyahamba. Khawuthelekelele ubona imoto endleleni, kodwa ungayiqondi ukuba iyahamba.
• UAlexia: Aba bantu abakwazi ukufunda iincwadi. Bayakwazi ukubona iileta, ukubhala, nokuthetha, kodwa abakwazi ukufunda.
• I-Prosopagnosia: Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"face blindness," oku kukungaqondi ubuso babantu obaqhelileyo. Usenokungakwazi ukuqaphela umama wakho, utata wakho, okanye umntakwenu. Nangona kunjalo, unokukwazi ukubaqonda ngezinye izinto, njengelizwi labo okanye indlela abahamba ngayo. Oku kunokubangelwa kukonakala kwengqondo, okanye kungaba yimeko yokuzalwa kwabanye abantu.
• I-Achromatopsia: Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-color agnosia. Ungayibona imibala kwaye wahlule phakathi kwemibala, kodwa awukwazi ukubona umahluko phakathi kokuthi "oku kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" kunye nokuthi "oku kubomvu."
• Ifomu le-Agnosia: Kule nto, iindawo zento zinokubonakala, kodwa yonke into ayinakubonwa. Umzekelo, amavili, isihlalo, kunye neebhayisekile zinokubonwa ngokwahlukeneyo, kodwa xa zonke zidityanisiwe, azibonwa njengebhayisekile.
• I-Simultagnosia: Ubunzima bokubona izinto ezingaphezu kwesinye ngexesha. Khawuthelekelele, nokuba usehlathini, unokubona umthi omnye ngexesha, akunakwenzeka ukuqonda lonke ihlathi ngaxeshanye.
• I-Autopagnosia: Ubunzima bokubona amalungu omzimba kuwe okanye kwabanye. Mhlawumbi ukwazi ukuba yintoni iminwe, kodwa ungakwazi ukuyibona xa ibonwa.
• I-Agnosia yezentlalo-yeemvakalelo:Ukungakwazi ukuqonda iimpawu ezingezizo ezomlomo (ezifana nobuso kunye nolwimi lomzimba)

I-Auditory Agnosias

Ezinye zezi:

• I-Amusia: Ukungakwazi ukuqonda iingoma okanye iingoma ezazisaziwa ngaphambili. Kusenokubakho nokungakwazi ukwahlula phakathi komculo nezinye izandi.
• I-Agnosia Yokuva Ngamazwi: Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba "kukungeva ngamagama." Umntu akanakuyiqonda into ethethwa ngumntu, kodwa uyakwazi ukufunda, ukubhala, nokuthetha ngaphandle kweengxaki.
• I-Phonagnosia: Ukungakwazi ukuqonda amazwi aqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, umntwana unokuyiqonda into ethethwayo kuloo mazwi. Umzekelo, xa umntwana ethetha, umntwana uyayiqonda into ayithethayo umntwana, kodwa umntwana akanakuyiqonda ilizwi lomntwana.
• Ukungaqondi Kweendlebe: Iindlebe ziva izandi, kwaye ezo mpawu ziya engqondweni. Kodwa ingqondo ayinakuyiqonda loo miqondiso.

Ii-Agnosias eziThathayo

Ezinye zezi:

• I-Astereognosis: Ukungakwazi ukuchonga into ngokuyichukumisa. Nangona kunjalo, umntu unokuyibona ngokuyibona. Umzekelo, ukuba unikwe isitshixo amehlo akho evaliwe, awunakuyibona ngokuyichukumisa.
• I-Ahylognosia: Ukungakwazi ukubona izinto, ubunzima, ubukhulu, okanye ubume bomphezulu wento ngokuyichukumisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukukwazi ukubona imo yayo kunokwenzeka.

Ezinye iiAgnosia

• I-Anosognosia: Oku kukhethekile kancinci. Kuxa ungakwazi ukubona ukuba unesifo okanye imeko ethile. Oku akukokukhanyela nje ukuba awuguli. Ingqondo yakho ayikwazi nokubona ukuba unengxaki. Umzekelo, umntu onesifo sikaParkinson usenokungakwazi ukulawula amalungu akhe, nangona enengxaki yokulawula iintshukumo zakhe.
• I-Anosodiaphoria: Nangona beqonda ukuba banesifo, abakwazi ukuqonda ubunzulu okanye ukubaluleka kwaso. Aba bantu banokuyithatha lula ingxaki kuba bengayiqondi indlela enzulu ngayo.
• I-Gustatory Agnosia: Ubunzima bokubona incasa (ezifana nencasa emnandi okanye ekrakra) okanye ukuqonda incasa yokutya okuqhelekileyo.
• I-Olfactory Agnosia: Ukungakwazi ukubona amavumba awayeqhelene nawo ngaphambili.

Kutheni le nto isenzeka le agnosia? Zithini izizathu?

I-Agnosia ayiyongxaki ngeengqondo, yingxaki engqondweni . Njengamanye amalungu omzimba wethu, ingqondo inokonakala (izilonda). Iziphumo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni kwenzeka phi engqondweni umonakalo. Umonakalo ungenzeka ngequbuliso, okanye ungenzeka kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kuxhomekeke kwisizathu esiyintloko.

Ezinye zeemeko ezinokubangela i-agnosia zezi:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• Ukugqabhuka okanye ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi engqondweni (ii-Aneurysms)
• Iithumba zobuchopho (izihluma ezinomhlaza nezingengomhlaza)
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• Iingxaki zophuhliso
• Intloko kontusiyalar yoki travmatik miya zamanslari (TBIs) kabi bosh zamanlari. (Ukwenzakala entloko, umz. `(Iingxubakaxaka)` okanye `(IiNzakalo zokwenzakala ebuchotsheni - TBIs)`)
• Umonakalo obangelwa kukungabikho komoya-mpilo engqondweni (i-cerebral hypoxia)
• Iintsholongwane (umz., izifo ezibangela i-encephalitis)
• Ukuxhuzula kunye nesifo sokuwa
• I-apnea yokulala (isifo sokuphefumla esinxulumene nokurhona)
• Istroke
• Iityhefu, ezifana netyhefu ye-carbon monoxide

Ingaba oku kuyasulela?

Hayi, i-Agnosia ayisosifo esosulelayo . Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifo ezinokubangela i-Agnosia zinokosulela. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba ezo zifo zibangele i-Agnosia.

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto?

Ukuchonga i-agnosia kunzima kancinci. Kubandakanya ugqirha owenza uvavanyo lomzimba, athathe imbali, aze enze imifanekiso yokuxilonga.

Uvavanyo lwenziwa ikakhulu ukuqinisekisa oku kulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lweemvakalelo: Jonga ukuba amalungu omzimba afanelekileyo (afana nokuva) asebenza kakuhle na kwaye akukho ngxaki ngawo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesimo sengqondo kunye nesimo sengqondo: Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ingxaki ayikho ekucingeni, ekunikeleni ingqalelo, okanye ekusombululeni iingxaki.
• Uvavanyo lwenkumbulo nokuqhelana: Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba oku akuyongxaki yenkumbulo kwaye akubangelwa kukungabi namava angaphambili ngento engaziwayo.
• Uvavanyo lokuxilonga kunye nolwemifanekiso: Olu vavanyo lukhangela umonakalo okanye isilonda kwindawo efanelekileyo yobuchopho.

Ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokwenziwa koku zezi:

• Iskeni ye-CT `(Iskeni ye-CT eqikelelweyo)`
• I-E.E.G. `(I-Electroencephalogram (EEG))`
• Iskeni se-MRI `(Umfanekiso we-Magnetic resonance (MRI))`
• Ukubhoboza umqolo/umqolo

Ugqirha angenza olunye uvavanyo ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu esikrokrelwayo.

Ngaba ikhona indlela yonyango? Ngaba inganyangeka?

I-Agnosia ayinyangeki . Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha unobangela oyintloko unokunyangeka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, unyango lubandakanya ukukunceda ulawule imeko ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye iindlela zonyango zijongana nengxaki engundoqo, ngelixa ezinye zikufundisa indlela yokusebenza kunye nokuziqhelanisa ne-agnosia.

Oku kulandelayo kungenziwa njengonyango:

• Amayeza: Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zamayeza, ukusuka kumayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuya kumayeza onyango lwe-dementia.
• Utyando: Ngamanye amaxesha i-agnosia inokubangelwa sisimila sobuchopho. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukususwa kwesimila ngotyando kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo engqondweni kwaye kuvumele ukuba isebenze ngokuqhelekileyo kwakhona.
• Unyango kunye nokuvuselelwa: Ekubeni iingxaki zengqondo ezifana ne-agnosia zihlala zihleli, unyango ludla ngokubandakanya ukufundisa abantu indlela yokujongana nale meko. Unyango lokuthetha kunye nonyango lomsebenzi ziluncedo kakhulu kule nkalo.

Ezinye iindlela ngaphandle kokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo

I-Agnosia idla ngokuchaphazela imvakalelo enye kuphela (nangona ezinye iingozi zengqondo zinokuchaphazela iimvakalelo ezininzi), ngoko ke inokubuyiselwa ngokusebenzisa ezinye iimvakalelo. Imizekelo:

• Umntu one- prosopagnosia uqeqeshwe ukuba aqaphele abanye abantu ngamazwi abo.
• Umntu one- agnosia yokuva ngomlomo ufundiswa ukufunda imilebe okanye uncedwa ukuba anxibelelane ngokubhala.
• Umntu one- visual agnosia angazibhala izinto azibonayo kuba engakwazi ukuzibona.

Kwakhona, kuyanceda ukugcina izinto kwindawo enye, ukusebenza ngendlela ehlelekileyo, nokulahla izinto ezingeyomfuneko.

Singazikhusela njani kule meko?

Ezinye izizathu ze-agnosia (umz., iimeko ezithile zemfuza) zingaphaya kwamandla ethu, ngoko ke azinakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto zinokwenziwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni. Izifo zentliziyo kunye nezifo zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi, ezifana nestroke, zingonakalisa ingqondo. Ukuziphepha kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-agnosia.
• Musa ukuyithatha lula into yokuba izifo zibangelwa ziingcongconi. Usulelo lwamehlo nendlebe lufanele lunyangwe ngokukhawuleza. Lunokuba yingozi ukuba lusasazeka engqondweni, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo engqondweni kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
• Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela. Ukulimala entloko kunokubangela umonakalo engqondweni kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifana nesigcina-ntloko xa usebenza okanye ngamanye amaxesha.
• Lawula ezinye iimeko zakho zempilo. Ukuba uneemeko ezingonakalisa ingqondo yakho, ezifana nesifo sokuwa okanye i-sleep apnea, zilawule ngokufanelekileyo.

Yintoni onokuyilindela xa uhlala ne-Agnosia?

Ubungakanani bale mpembelelo buxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-agnosia, ubukhali bayo, kunye nendlela echaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho. Kwabanye, kunokuba nzima kakhulu, ngelixa kwabanye kusenokungabi nampembelelo ingako.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba nangona le meko isisigxina, kukho iindlela zokuyinyamezela. Unyango lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo lunokunceda kakhulu. Abantu abaninzi banokunyamezela ngale ndlela baze baphile ubomi obude, obonwabisayo nobusempilweni.

Le meko idla ngokuba yeyokusisigxina . Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba umonakalo wengqondo ngowexeshana, unokuphinda uphile kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kunyaka.

I-Agnosia ngokwayo ayisongeli ubomi. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zeemeko ezibangela oku (istroke, ithumba lobuchopho) zinokuba yingozi. Kwakhona, xa le meko yenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, kunokuvela iimeko eziyingozi. Umzekelo, ukuwela indlela kuyingozi kumntu one-akinetopsia ongakwaziyo ukubona izinto ezihambayo. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuziqhelanisa noku, ngakumbi ukuvuselelwa kunye nonyango.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba wena (okanye umntu omaziyo) unengxaki entsha yokubona izinto eziqhelekileyo, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha . Nokuba yi-agnosia okanye akunjalo, olo tshintsho luhlala luphawu lwengxaki yobuchopho efuna unyango. Musa ukuzama ukuyixilonga okanye ukuyilawula ngokwakho.

Ufanele uye nini kwinkonzo yokhathalelo olungxamisekileyo?

Ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ze-agnosia ezibonakala ngequbuliso , ingakumbi ukuba zihamba nezi mpawu zilandelayo zestroke okanye ukwenzakala kwengqondo, funa unyango olungxamisekileyo ngokukhawuleza :

• Ubuthathaka, ukuba ndindisholo, okanye ukukhubazeka kwelinye icala lomzimba.
• Ukungathethi kakuhle, ukuthuthumela.
• Ukuwa kwelinye icala lobuso okanye ukuphelelwa liliso linye.
• Ubunzima bokuginya.
• Ukudideka, ukucaphuka.
• Ubunzima bokugxila, ukucinga, nokukhumbula.
• Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Agnosia yimeko yemithambo-luvo edidayo neyoyikisayo. Ubomi bunokuba nzima kancinci ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokungakwazi ukubona ubuso obuqhelekileyo okanye ukungakwazi ukuqonda into ethethwa ngumntu.

Kodwa, hlala unethemba!

• I-Agnosia ayiyongxaki ngeengqondo zakho (amehlo, iindlebe), kodwa yingxaki enxulumene nokukwazi kwengqondo yakho ukuqonda ulwazi.
• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi, kwaye amalungu ahlukeneyo anokuchaphazeleka.
• Ixesha elininzi, oku kubangelwa luhlobo oluthile lomonakalo engqondweni.
• Ukuba unale mpawu, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha.
• Nangona le meko isisigxina, kukho iingcali kunye neenkqubo ezinokukunceda uqhelane nayo kwaye uphile nayo. Ukuvuselelwa kunye nonyango kunokubonelela ngoncedo olukhulu.

Khumbula, ungabeka imida kwindlela esi sifo esichaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho. Ngeengcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuvuselelwa, ungaphila ubomi obonwabisayo nangona une-agnosia.

I- Agnosia, iingxaki zobuchopho, ubunzima bokuqaphela, i-agnosia yokubona, i-agnosia yokuva, i-agnosia yokuchukumisa, izifo ze-neurological