Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba zingaphi izinto ezimangalisayo ezenzekayo emizimbeni yethu? Ngaphandle kwethu ukwazi, kusoloko kukho imfazwe enkulu eqhubekayo emizimbeni yethu. Le mfazwe ilwiwa yinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. Ifana nomkhosi okhusela ilizwe lethu. Umsebenzi walo mkhosi kukufumana nokutshabalalisa iintshaba ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezivela ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha lo mkhosi uba ndlongondlongo kakhulu uze uqale ukuhlasela iiseli ezilungileyo emizimbeni yethu. Ngamaxesha anje ngala, kufuneka kubekho umntu oza kulawula lo mkhosi aze awanike imiyalelo efanelekileyo, akunjalo? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo oluthile lweseli olusebenza loo msebenzi ubalulekileyo. Loo nto yiRegulatory T cells, okanye iiTregs ngamafutshane.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi Regulatory T cells (Tregs)?
Cinga ngenkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba njengomkhosi osebenza kakuhle nonamandla. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamajoni kulo mkhosi. Phakathi kwazo, ii-Regulatory T cells zifana namagosa aphezulu, okanye amapolisa, kulo mkhosi. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukulawula ezinye iiseli (amajoni) zenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba ekubeni zingasebenzi kakhulu okanye ziphazamiseke.
Ezi ngokwenene luhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi emizimbeni yethu. Zihlala zijonga ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ukuba kukho indawo apho inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba isabela ngokugqithisileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba izama ukuhlasela iiseli zethu, ezi seli zeTregs ziyangena zize ziyeke loo nkqubo. Zifana nokuthi, "Kulungile, kulungile, kwanele. Leyo yenye yethu, musa ukuhlasela."
Ngaphandle kwezi Tregs, inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ayilawuleki kwaye iqalise ukonakalisa imizimba yethu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba sisifo sokuzikhusela komzimba .
Ngamafutshane, iiTregs luhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lweeseli ezigcina ibhalansi yenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela, zikhetha phakathi kokulungileyo nokungalunganga kwaye ziyigcine.
Ngoko ke, zithini ezi 'antigens'?
Sithe inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba ngumkhosi. Ngoko ke lo mkhosi ulwa nabani? Alwa nee-antigens . Ii-Antigens ziintshaba zenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ezi zinokuba zizinto eziyingozi emizimbeni yethu, izinto zasemzini. Xa olu tshaba lungena emzimbeni, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba iyaluqonda kwaye ivelise iiproteni ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies zokulwa nalo.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zezi antigens. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.
| Uhlobo lwe-antigen | Ingcaciso nje |
|---|---|
| Ii-antigens zangaphandle | Ezi ziintshaba ezingena emizimbeni yethu zivela ngaphandle. Umzekelo, iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane kunye neekhemikhali ezinobungozi. |
| Ii-self-antigens | Ezi ziveliswa ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, kwiiseli zethu nakwizicwili zethu. Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela ayizihlaseli rhoqo. Umzekelo, kukho ii-antigens kwiiseli zegazi egazini lethu. |
| Ii-Antigens (iiNeoantigens) kwiiseli zomhlaza | Ezi ziveliswa ziiseli zomhlaza. Ezi zii-antigens ezintsha eziguqulweyo ezivela kwi-'self-antigens' ezazikho kwiiseli zethu. |
Amandla amangalisayo eeseli zeTreg kukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo ukuba zeziphi kwezi antigens ekufuneka zihlaselwe kwaye zeziphi ekufuneka zingachukunyiswanga .
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeTregs?
Nangona kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezi seli zeTreg, abaphandi bazahlulahlula zibe ngamaqela amabini aphambili, ngalinye linomsebenzi emibini.
| Uhlobo lweTreg | Umsebenzi ophambili |
|---|---|
| iiTregs (iiTregs ezikhuthaziweyo) | Iinjongo zabo eziphambili zii-antigens zangaphandle kunye neeseli zomhlaza (ii-neoantigens). Baqala umsebenzi wabo ngemiqondiso evela kwiiproteni ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba zii-cytokines . |
| nTregs (iiTregs zeNdalo) | Eyona nto bajolise kuyo zii-antigens zomzimba wethu (ii-self-antigens). Oko kukuthi, umsebenzi wabo kukulawula ukudumba okwenziwa zi-autoimmune. |
Yeyiphi inkonzo enikezelwa zii-Regulatory T cells emizimbeni yethu?
Ngoku siyazi ukuba iiTregs ziingcali zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Zisinika iinkonzo ezixabisekileyo. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na:
- Ilawula impendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Ikhokela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba ihlasele kuphela inani elifunekayo leentshaba zangaphandle kunye neeseli zomhlaza, kanye kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo.
- Ukukhusela imizimba yethu: Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuyeka ukuhlasela iiseli zethu eziphilileyo. Oogqirha bakubiza oku ngokuthi 'ukuzinyamezela' . Oko kukuthi, sifundisa imizimba yethu ukuba inyamezele izinto zayo. Le yindlela esinokuzikhusela ngayo ekuhlaselweni zizifo ezizikhusela ngokwasemzimbeni.
- Ilawula ukudumba: Inceda ekulawuleni ukudumba okungeyomfuneko emzimbeni kwaye ithintele ukonakala kwezicubu.
- Inceda ngokufakelwa amalungu omzimba: Xa umntu efumana isitho esitsha (njengezintso okanye intliziyo), umzimba wethu usibona njengento engaqhelekanga kwaye uzama ukusalela. Iiseli zeTregs zithomalalisa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye ziyincede ukuba yamkele isitho esitsha.
Zivela phi ezi seli zimangalisayo?
Ezi Tregs ziveliswa yi -thymus gland emizimbeni yethu. Eli lidlala abantu abaninzi abasenokuba abalazanga ngalo. Likwindawo engaphambili esifubeni sethu, phakathi kwemiphunga emibini, emva kwesifuba (sternum).
I-thymus gland ivelisa i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-thymosin. Le hormone inceda iiseli zeTregs zikhule. Xa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ngakumbi ii-lymphocytes ) ezenziwe kwi-bone marrow yethu zidlula kwi-thymus gland, ziba ziiseli ze-T. Xa ezi seli ze-T sele zikhulile, ziya kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes kwaye zilungele umsebenzi.
Okumangalisayo kukuba i-thymus gland ivelisa ii-T cells kuphela de sibe ngabantu abadala. Emva koko, i-gland iyancipha kancinci kancinci ize ithatyathelwe indawo ngamafutha.
Ngaba iiTregs ziluncedo kwezinye iimeko?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo! Le yenye yezona zihloko zishushu kakhulu kwezonyango ngoku. Abaphandi ngoku bazama ukubona ukuba ezi seli zeTregs zingasetyenziselwa na ukunyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo. Ingakumbi ii-allergies, umhlaza, kunye nezifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni.
Bakholelwa ukuba ngokwandisa inani lala maseli eTregs emzimbeni, kuya kuba nokwenzeka ukulawula umsebenzi ongafunekiyo wenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Ngale ndlela, kuya kuba nokwenzeka ukulawula okanye ukunyanga ezi zifo zilandelayo kwixesha elizayo.
- I-Lupus
- I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- I-thyroiditis
- Uhlobo loku-1 lweswekile
- Irheumatoid arthritis
- I-ulcerative colitis
Yintoni esinokuyenza ukugcina iiseli zethu zeTregs ziphilile?
Kusezandleni zethu ukugcina ezi seli zixabisekileyo ezigcina inkqubo yethu yomzimba ilungelelene. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba senze nantoni na ekhethekileyo ukuze senze oko. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela indlela yokuphila elula nesempilweni.
- Lawula indlela osela ngayo utywala: Ukuba usela utywala, yenza njalo ngokulinganisela.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Yitya imifuno, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno engakumbi.
- Zilolonge rhoqo: Yenza umthambo onzima ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
- Lala ngokwaneleyo: Ubuthongo obuhle beeyure ezisi-7-8 ngosuku bubalulekile.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni obuhambelana nobude bakho kunceda ekukhuselekeni kwizifo ezininzi.
- Lawula uxinzelelo: Gcina impilo-ntle yengqondo ngezinto ezifana neyoga nokucamngca.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka namhlanje.
- Gonya ngexesha: Ukufumana imigonyo efunekayo kuyawomeleza amajoni omzimba.
- Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo: Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela iintsholongwane kukuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo.
Ndingacela ugqirha wam ukuba andinike unyango lweTregs?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo. Okwangoku, unyango olusebenzisa iiseli zeTreg alufumaneki kwizibhedlele okanye kwiikliniki eziqhelekileyo. Olu nyango lusekwinqanaba lophando (izilingo zeklinikhi).
Abaphandi basazama ukufumana indlela yokwandisa iiseli zeTreg emzimbeni ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. Nazi ezinye zeendlela abazifundayo:
- Iintlobo zamachiza
- Isitofu
- Unyango lweeseli: Ukutshintsha iiseli zeTreg ngaphandle komzimba nokuzibuyisela emzimbeni
- Ukufakelwa ilindle
Ngoko ke, ezi zinokuba ziindlela zonyango ezixabisekileyo esinokuzilindela kwixesha elizayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iiseli ze-T ezilawulayo (iiTregs) zifana "nabalindi" okanye "amapolisa" enkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba.
- Umsebenzi wabo ophambili kukuthintela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba ingasebenzi kakhulu ize ihlasele imizimba yethu (isifo sokuzikhusela komzimba).
- Bahlula phakathi kweentshaba zangaphandle kunye neeseli zomzimba wethu, benika imiyalelo echanekileyo kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni, singagcina ukusebenza kwezi seli zeTregs.
- Nangona unyango olusebenzisa iiseli zeTreg lusesekwinqanaba lophando, kukho ithemba elikhulu lokuba luya kunceda ekunyangeni izifo ezininzi kwixesha elizayo.
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