Sonke siphefumla rhoqo. Kodwa ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba lo moya ungena njani emzimbeni, kwaye unjani na lo mzila? Njengokuba imoto inendlela, kukho inkqubo ekhethekileyo yeendlela zomoya esizithathayo ukuze sifikelele emiphungeni yethu. Namhlanje sithetha ngale 'ndlela yokuphefumla', okanye ngokwezonyango, iindlela zomoya, ezibalulekileyo nezibaluleke kakhulu kubomi bethu.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi ndlela zomoya?
Iindlela zomoya ziimijelo, okanye iityhubhu, ezivumela umoya ukuba ungene kwaye uphume emiphungeni yakho. Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokuphefumla. Cinga ngayo njengendawo yokubaleka kwenqwelo-moya isuke ize ihlale. Iindlela zomoya yindlela esithatha ngayo ioksijini emoyeni esiwuphefumlayo kwaye sikhuphe ikharbon dioxide (CO2) .
Le nkqubo yokuphefumla inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili.
- Iindlela zomoya eziphezulu: Ezi zijikeleze ubuso bakho, intloko, nentamo. Ziquka impumlo, imingxunya yempumlo, ii-sinuses, i-pharynx, kunye ne-larynx. Kulapho umoya ovela ngaphandle ungena khona emzimbeni.
- Iindlela zomoya ezisezantsi: Ezi zifumaneka entanyeni nasesifubeni. Ziquka i-trachea, i-bronchi, kunye ne-bronchioles. Le yinxalenye ethwala umoya ngqo emiphungeni yakho.
Ngaba oku kwenza okungaphezulu nje kokushukumisa umphefumlo?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo! Nangona umsebenzi ophambili wendlela yokuphefumla kukusebenza njengendlela yokungena komoya, le nkqubo yenza okungaphezulu koko. Isebenza njengomkhuseli womzimba wethu.
| Umsebenzi womgudu wokuphefumla | Yindlela eyenzeka ngayo loo nto. |
|---|---|
| Ilawula ubushushu kunye nokufuma | Kwanomoya obandayo esiwuphefumlayo ngaphandle uyafudunyezwa ukuze ulingane nobushushu bomzimba wethu kwaye wongezwe kunye nomswakama ofunekayo ngaphambi kokuba uthunyelwe emiphungeni yethu. |
| Isusa ukungcola kunye nokungcola | Iindonga zendlela yokuphefumla zinezakhiwo ezincinci ezifana neenwele ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cilia. Ezi zibamba iintsholongwane ezingenayo kunye nothuli kwi-mucus kwaye ziyityhalele phezulu, njengebhanti yokuhambisa kwifektri. Emva koko, xa sikhohlela okanye sithimla, uthuli kunye nokungcola kuyaphuma kunye ne-mucus. |
| Inceda ngentetho nevumba | Xa sithetha, isandi siveliswa kukungcangcazela kwemithambo yelizwi njengoko umoya udlula phezu kwayo. Ngokufanayo, xa siphefumla, amasuntswana evumba emoyeni athumela imiyalezo engqondweni ngemithambo-luvo ekwimpumlo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba sinuke. |
Izifo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela indlela yokuphefumla
Indlela yethu yokuphefumla inokuchaphazeleka ziimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo. Ezi zinokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu.
1. Iimeko zempilo ezingapheliyo
Ezi zidla ngokubangelwa zizizathu zemfuza, umonakalo kwindlela yokuphefumla, okanye iingxaki zokuzalwa.
- Isifuba
- I-Bronchiectasis
- Isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo (i-COPD)
- Icystic fibrosis
2. Ukudumba kweendlela zomoya
Iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo (ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye ne-COVID-19) kunye nee-aleji zinokubangela ukudumba kwimibhobho yomoya. Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho ukudumba kwenzeka khona.
- I-Bronchitis - Ukudumba kwemibhobho ye-bronchial.
- I-Bronchiolitis - Ukudumba kwemibhobho ye-bronchial.
- I-Sinusitis - Ukuvuvukala kwe-sinus cavities.
3. Izithintelo zomoya (Ukuvaleka)
Into yangaphandle, izicubu zomzimba, okanye esinye isizathu sinokuyivala indlela yomoya, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Ukukrwitshwa: Umntwana omncinci uginya into efana neqhekeza lethoyi okanye i-pea.
- Ukukhula okungengobungozi.
- Iithumba ezinomhlaza.
- Ukuncitshiswa kwendlela yomoya (i-Stenosis).
- I-Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): Ukuvalwa kwendlela yomoya ngenxa yokuxinana kwezicubu zomqala ngexesha lokulala.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezi zifo?
Ukuba kukho ingxaki kwindlela yakho yokuphefumla, ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokwenzeka.
- Impumlo egobhozayo okanye impumlo exineneyo.
- Ukuva izandi ezingaqhelekanga xa uphefumla, ezinje ngokuphefumla okanye i-stridor .
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla okunzima (ukuphelelwa ngamandla).
- Ukulala kakhulu emini (ingakumbi ukuba une-OSA).
Ukuba uqhubeka uneempawu ezinje, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko uze ufumane ingcebiso ngaphandle kokuzityeshela.
Uvavanyo lokujonga iingxaki zokuphefumla
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo ukujonga impilo yendlela yakho yokuphefumla.
- Uvavanyo olusebenzisa ikhamera ukujonga ngaphakathi: Uvavanyo olufana ne-nasal endoscopy, ejonga ngaphakathi kwempumlo, kunye ne-bronchoscopy, ejonga kwimigudu yomoya ekhokelela emiphungeni.
- Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwephaphu: Uvavanyo olulinganisa amandla akho okuphefumla nokungena.
- I-pulse oximetry: Sisixhobo esilinganisa inqanaba le-oksijini egazini lakho, esifana ne-clip encinci elingana nomnwe wakho.
- Ii-X-reyi zesifuba kunye nee-CT scans: Ezi zinceda ekuxilongeni izifo ngokufumana imifanekiso ecacileyo yeendlela zomoya kunye nemiphunga.
- Izifundo zokulala: Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga ukurhona kunye ne-sleep apnea.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zendlela yokuphefumla?
Unyango luxhomekeke kwimeko yakho yempilo.
Iintlobo zamachiza
- Amayeza anciphisa ukudumba aze avule indlela yomoya: La mayeza anokuba yi-corticosteroids okanye i-bronchodilators esetyenziswa njenge-inhaler.
- Unyango lwezifo: Amayeza anjengee-antibiotics zosulelo lweebhaktiriya kunye nee-antivirals zeentsholongwane.
- Amayeza e-allergy: Amayeza afana ne-antihistamines.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango
- Utyando: Ukuba kukho into ethintelweyo okanye ithumba, utyando lunokwenziwa ukuze lisuswe.
- Ukufakwa kwetyhubhu: Kwimeko yokungasebenzi kakuhle kokuphefumla, kufakwa ityhubhu ngomlomo okanye empumlweni ukuze kugcinwe indlela yomoya ivulekile kwaye kunikwe umoya ophumayo ngoomatshini.
- I-Tracheostomy: Inkqubo apho kwenziwa umngxuma ngaphambili entanyeni ukuze kuvumeleke ukuphefumla ngombhobho womoya. Oku kunokuba kokwexeshana okanye kube yinto engapheliyo.
- Umatshini we-CPAP: Lo matshini unceda abantu abane-obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) ngokupompa umoya ngemaski enxitywa phezu kwempumlo ngelixa belele, ukugcina indlela yomoya ivulekile.
Izinto esinokuzenza ukuze sigcine indlela yethu yokuphefumla isempilweni
Ezi zinto zilula ziya kunceda kakhulu ekugcineni indlela yakho yomoya isempilweni kwaye inamandla.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya nokuvasa ngokupheleleyo. Ukutshaya yeyona nto ibangela iingxaki zokuphefumla. Ukuvasa kukwaqulethe neekhemikhali eziyingozi.
- Ziphephe izinto ezingcolisayo. Kuphephe ukuphefumla izinto ezifana nomsi wemoto, iikhemikhali, kunye nomsi ophumayo. Nxiba imaski ukuba usebenza kwiindawo ezinothuli nezinomsi.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi. Ukusela amanzi aneleyo kunceda ekunciphiseni ukutyeba kwe-mucus kwaye kwenza kube lula ukuyikhupha.
- Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane. Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo. Fumana imijovo efunekayo njengoko ugqirha wakho ekucebisa. Ezi zinokukunceda ekukhuseleni kwiintsholongwane ezichaphazela indlela yokuphefumla.
- Lumka ngokuzivocavoca. Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuzivocavoca ukuphefumla okufanelekileyo kuwe.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iindlela zakho zomoya aziyonto nje edlula umoya, ziyindlela emangalisayo ekukhusela kwizifo, ekuncedayo ukuthetha, kwaye ekuncedayo ukunuka.
- Ukuba wenza ingxolo engaqhelekanga xa uphefumla, ukhohlela, okanye impumlo yakho ivalekile rhoqo, musa ukucinga ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo.
- Imikhwa elula efana nokuphepha ukutshaya nokusela amanzi amaninzi inokukunceda ukukhusela impilo yakho yokuphefumla kwixesha elide.
- Ukuba uneengxaki zokuphefumla, ungaqapheli, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha ofanelekileyo kwaye ufumane iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo kunye nonyango.
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