Ngaba nawe unengxaki yokulawula indlela osela ngayo utywala? Masithethe ngengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala!

Ngaba wakha waziva ngathi usela utywala epatini okanye udibana nabahlobo ukuze "uyonwabele" uze emva koko uqalise ukungalawuleki? Oku kungaba yingxaki enkulu kunokuba ucinga. Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-Alcohol Use Disorder ngokwezonyango. Le yimeko abantu abaninzi abanayo, kodwa ayithethwa kangako ngayo.

Yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala?

Ngamafutshane, `(Ingxaki Yokusebenzisa Utywala)` yimeko yezonyango. Umntu onesi sifo akakwazi ukuyeka okanye ukulawula ukusela kwakhe. Nangona ukusela kwakhe kubangela iingxaki kungekuphela nje ebomini bakhe kodwa nakubomi babantu abamngqongileyo kunye nosapho lwakhe, bakufumanisa kunzima ukuyeka ukusela. Cinga ngako, kukho abanye abantu abavakalelwa kukuba kufuneka basele kwangoko emva kokuba bevukile kusasa, okanye bazive ngathi bakwimeko embi imini yonke. Abakwazi ukuya emsebenzini, abakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo yasekhaya ngokufanelekileyo. Kodwa abanakuyiyeka le ndlela.

Le meko inokuba buthathaka, ibe phakathi, okanye ibe nzima . Oku kuthetha ukuba ayinguye wonke umntu ofana. Abanye abantu banokuba neempawu ezibuthathaka kuphela, ngelixa abanye banokuba neempawu ezisongela ubomi. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kukho unyango olufumanekayo. Amayeza kunye neendlela zokuziphatha zinokunceda ukulawula le meko. Nangona abanye abantu banokubuyela umva emva konyango, izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abaninzi banako ukunciphisa okanye ukuyeka ukusela ngokupheleleyo . Ngoko ke musa ukuphelelwa lithemba.

Zithini iimpawu zale meko? Jonga ukuba unazo na ezi...

Xa sicinga ngeempawu zokugula, sihlala sicinga ngezinto ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, kunye neentlungu zomzimba. Kodwa iimpawu ze-"Alcohol Use Disorder" zahlukile. Zihambelana kakhulu notshintsho kwindlela ovakalelwa ngayo kunye nokuziphatha kwakho. Jonga ukuba ezi mpawu zivakala ziqhelekile na kuwe:

• Ukunqwenela utywala: Nokuba uwedwa, ukhunjuzwa ngotywala kwaye uzive ufuna ukusela. Kunzima kakhulu ukulawula loo mnqweno.
• Uyaqhubeka usela nangona ukusela kwakho kubangela iingxaki kusapho lwakho, kubahlobo, nasemsebenzini: kuqhambuka iingxabano ekhaya, abahlobo bayacaphuka, kwaye usenokulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi wakho. Kodwa awunakuyeka ukusela.
• Ukusela ngaphezu kokuba bekucwangcisiwe, okanye ukusela ixesha elide kunokuba bekucwangcisiwe: Nangona uqala ngokuthi, "Ndiza kusela kancinci namhlanje," ugqibela usela kakhulu ngaphandle kokuzibamba. Ngamanye amaxesha usela iintsuku ezininzi.
• Ukuchitha ixesha elininzi ukhangela utywala, ubusela, okanye uphola kwi-hangover: Ukuba uninzi losuku luchithwa usenza ezi zinto, loo nto nayo yingxaki.
• Uyaqhubeka uzama ukunciphisa ukusela kwakho, kodwa awukwazi: Nangona ucinga ukuba, "Ndimele ndiyeke oku," awukwazi ukukwenza.
• Ukusela kwenza kube nzima ukuphumeza imisebenzi yosapho: imisebenzi yesikolo yabantwana kunye nemisebenzi yasekhaya ayikhathalelwa.
• Ukuyeka izinto ezibalulekileyo zentlalo, umsebenzi, okanye izinto ozithandayo ngenxa yotywala: Ukungenzi izinto obuzithanda kuba ufuna ukusela.
• Utywala busetyenziswa nakwiimeko eziyingozi emzimbeni: umzekelo, ukuqhuba unxilile okanye usebenza ngoomatshini.
• Bayaqhubeka besela nangona besazi ukuba utywala buya kuyenza mandundu enye ingxaki okanye esinye isifo sengqondo: Nokuba ugqirha uthi, "Ukusela akulunganga kwesi sifo," basela ngaphandle kokumamela.
• Ukunyamezela utywala kakhulu: Awusanxili njengangaphambili, ngoko ke kufuneka usele kakhulu nangakumbi.
• Iimpawu zokurhoxa ziyenzeka xa uyeka ukusela utywala, okanye usela ukuze uphephe ezi mpawu: ukuxhawula izandla, ukubila, kunye nesiyezi kusasa, nto leyo ekwenza ufune ukusela kwakhona.

Asinguye wonke umntu onesifo "sokusetyenziswa kotywala" kuba nje enesinye okanye ezimbini zezi mpawu. Kodwa ukuba unezinye zazo, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha ngazo.

Usela kangakanani ngaphambi kokuba "udlule umda"?

Lo ngumbuzo obuzwa ngabantu abaninzi. Ngokutsho kwe-American Medical Association, akufanelekanga ukuba indoda isele iziselo ezingaphezu kwezibini eziqhelekileyo ngosuku. Bachaza "ukusela kakhulu" njengeziselo ezintlanu okanye ngaphezulu ngosuku, okanye iziselo ezili-15 nangaphezulu ngeveki.

Abafazi kufuneka bazinciphe kwisiselo esinye esiqhelekileyo ngosuku. Kubafazi, "ukusela kakhulu" kuchazwa njengeeyunithi ezine okanye ngaphezulu ngosuku, okanye iiyunithi ezisibhozo okanye ngaphezulu ngeveki.

Yintoni "iyunithi eqhelekileyo"? Ngokwesiqhelo, iyunithi enye yibhotile yebhiya (malunga ne-350 ml), iglasi yewayini (malunga ne-150 ml), okanye i-45 ml (idosi) yesiselo esinxilisayo esifana ne-arakku. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo wotywala kwezinye iintlobo zotywala eSri Lanka unokwahluka, ngoko ke le yingcamango nje eqhelekileyo.

Ukuba usela ngaphaya kwale mida, kuthathwa njengengozi.

Kutheni abanye abantu benale meko?

Abaphandi abakakwazi ukucacisa unobangela ochanekileyo wokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kotywala. Nangona kunjalo, bafumanise izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:

• I-genetics: Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho, njengabazali bakho okanye abantakwenu, ukhe waba nengxaki yotywala, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ube nale meko. Oku kuthetha ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho utyekelo lwe-genetic.
• Iimeko zempilo yengqondo: Abantu abaneengxaki ezithile zempilo yengqondo banamathuba amaninzi okusebenzisa utywala. Umzekelo, ukudakumba, isifo soxinzelelo emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu (PTSD) okanye isifo sokungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo/ukungasebenzi kakuhle (ADHD)Abantu abaneengxaki ezifana nokudakumba banokulingeka ukuba basele utywala ukuze banciphise uxinezeleko lwabo, intlungu kunye nokuxhalaba. Kodwa eneneni, oko kuyenza ibe mandundu ingxaki.

Ngaphandle koku, izinto ezifana neempembelelo zentlalo, indawo yokuhlala, kunye noxinzelelo nazo zinokuchaphazela oku.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokuvela ukuba lo mkhwa uyaqhubeka?

Nangona utywala busenokubonakala ngathi yinto emnandi ukubusela, ukubusebenzisa ixesha elide nokubusebenzisa kakhulu kunokuba yingozi kakhulu emzimbeni. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kukuba ne-hangover kunye nokurhoxa. Kodwa kukho iingxaki ezininzi ezinzulu ezinokubakho.

Ubusazi na ukuba utywala bubangela umhlaza ? Oko kuthetha ukuba bunokubangela umhlaza. Ukusela utywala obuninzi ixesha elide kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza womqala . Ayipheleli apho:

• I-cardiomyopathy ebangelwa butywala: Intliziyo inokuba buthathaka kwaye ikhule.
• I-hepatitis ebangelwa butywala: Isibindi sinokudumba size sonakale.
• Ukutyhefa utywala: Ukusela kakhulu ngaxeshanye kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni zingqondo kwanokufa.
• Ukuwohloka kwemithambo yobuchopho: Ukonakala kwenxalenye yengqondo elawula ulungelelwano kunokubangela iingxaki zokuhamba kunye nokungcangcazela.
• Isifo sokuqaqamba kwesibindi: Isibindi siba sengozini phantse ngokupheleleyo kwaye singakwazi ukusebenza. Le yimeko embi kakhulu.
• I-Delirium Tremens (DT): Le yimeko eyingozi eyenzeka xa utywala buyekiswa ngequbuliso. Siza kuthetha ngayo kamva.

Ngaphambi kokuba ujongane nezinto ezinje, bubulumko ukucela uncedo.

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo le nto (ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala)?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba "unengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala", eyona nto ilungileyo kukubona ugqirha. Ugqirha uza kukuxilonga aze ajonge naziphi na ezinye iimpawu zomzimba ezinokubangelwa kukusebenzisa utywala.

Emva koko, basebenzisa imigaqo ekwi-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) ukwahlula izifo zengqondo. Uyakhumbula iimpawu esithethe ngazo ngaphambili? Zingaphi kwezo mpawu onazo ezisetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuba unesifo sokusetyenziswa kotywala na, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, sibi kangakanani.

• Imeko engentle: Ukuba iimpawu ezimbini okanye ezintathu ziyahambelana.
• Imeko ephakathi: Ukuba iimpawu ezine okanye ezintlanu ziyahambelana.
• Imeko embi kakhulu: Ukuba iimpawu ezintandathu nangaphezulu ziyahambelana.

Olu hlu lwenzelwe ukukunceda ukhethe indlela yonyango efanelekileyo kuwe.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku? Ungakhathazeki, lukho uncedo!

Unyango luxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Ukuba ingxaki yakho yokusebenzisa utywala imbi kakhulu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lwangaphakathi okanye ukuvuselelwa kwempilo yakho. Ezinye iindlela zonyango ziquka:

• Unyango lokuziphatha: Oku kubandakanya iingcebiso zokukunceda utshintshe indlela oziphatha ngayo xa usela. Abacebisi okanye iingcali zengqondo malunga nokulutha banokukunceda ngale nto. Bathetha ngezizathu zokuba ulingeke ukuba usele, indlela olawula ngayo iminqweno yakho ngelo xesha, kwaye bakuncede ukuba uzilawule ezo zinto ngokwakho.
• Amayeza: I-US Food & Drug Administration ivumile amayeza `(Naltrexone)` kunye `(Acamprosate)` kwi `(Alcohol Use Disorder). La mayeza anceda ekunciphiseni iminqweno yotywala kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu zokurhoxa. Kwakhona, amayeza `(Topiramate)` kunye `(Gabapentin)` afunyenwe enceda ekunciphiseni iminqweno yotywala kwabanye abantu. Nangona kunjalo, la mayeza kufuneka athathwe kuphela ngokwengcebiso kagqirha.
• Amaqela enkxaso: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. La maqela angumthombo omkhulu wamandla okuthetha nawo nokwabelana ngamava nabanye abajongene nengxaki efanayo neyakho. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngamaqela afana ne-"Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)". Kukwamnandi ukuziva ngathi awuwedwa.

Iziphumo ezilungileyo zinokufumaneka ngokusebenzisa olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ndlela zonyango kunye.

Ngaba oku kunganyangeka ngokupheleleyo? Okanye kungalawulwa?

Izifundo zibonise ukuba uninzi lwabantu abane-"Alcohol Use Disorder" bayachacha . Oko kukuthi, banciphisa umlinganiselo abawuselayo okanye bayeke ukusela ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha abantu bayaphinda basele. Oku kuqhelekile, kwaye akuyongcinga ilungileyo ukudimazeka yiyo.

Ingakumbi xa unengxaki enkulu ebomini okanye uxinzelelo – umzekelo, ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, ukuqhawula umtshato, okanye ukulahlekelwa lilungu losapho okanye umhlobo osenyongweni – ungagutyungelwa yintlungu uze ulingeke ukuba uphinde usele. Ukuba uziva uxinezelekile okanye ulingeka ukuba uphinde usele, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye umcebisi wakho ngoko nangoko. Banokukunceda.

Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuze kuthintelwe imeko enxulumene notywala?

Ukuze uphephe le meko, kufuneka uphephe ukusela utywala ngendlela enobungozi. Oko kuthetha ukuba:

• Abafazi: Sela utywala obungaphezulu kwe-4 iiyunithi ngosuku okanye iiyunithi ezisibhozo ngeveki.
• Amadoda: Sela utywala obungaphantsi kweeyunithi ezintlanu ngosuku okanye iiyunithi ezilishumi elinesihlanu ngeveki.

Ukuba usela utywala obungaphezulu kweli nani, cinga ngokunciphisa okanye uyeke ngokupheleleyo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngeendlela zokunceda.

Ukuba ungumntu ozama ukuchacha kule meko, uzinyamekela njani?

Ukuba sele uqalile unyango lwe-`(Alcohol Use Disorder)`, sele uthathe inyathelo elikhulu ekuzinyamekeleni. Oku akuyonto eyenzeka ngobusuku obunye, luhambo. Kuya kufuneka uluthathe usuku ngalunye, inyathelo ngalinye. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso ezinokukunceda kolu hambo:

• Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga yindlela entle yokulawula uxinzelelo. Ukuzilolonga kunokunceda ngoxinzelelo oluvela kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kunye noxinzelelo oluvayo xa ungaselanga tywala. Hamba, baleka, dlala, yenza into oyithandayo.
• Chonga izinto ezibangela ukuba usele utywala: Xa unengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala, iimeko ezithile, abantu kunye neendawo ezithile zinokukwenza ufune ukusela kwakhona. Chonga ezi zinto ezibangela utywala kwaye uzame ukuziphepha kangangoko unako.
• Funa uncedo: Le isenokuba yinkqubo enamanyathelo ali-12 okanye ukuthetha nomcebisi. Ukuthetha nomntu oyiqondayo imeko yakho kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kwaye kukunike amandla okuqhubela phambili. Usapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo bakho abathembekileyo nabo banokukunceda ngale nto.

Khumbula, awuwedwa. Ukucela uncedo akubobuthathaka, kodwa ngamandla.

Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso kagqirha?

Kuya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Umzekelo, ukuba unyangwa imeko efana ne-cirrhosis yesibindi ebangelwa kukusebenzisa utywala, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho okanye iimpawu ezintsha emzimbeni wakho. Ukuba ufumana iingcebiso, buza umcebisi wakho malunga nendlela yokulawula uxinzelelo lwakho kunye nomnqweno wokuphinda usele, kwaye ukuba ufuna inkxaso eyongezelelweyo yengqondo.

Ufanele uye nini kwigumbi longxamiseko? Oku kubaluleke kakhulu!

Ukuba abantu abanengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala kakhulu okanye obuphakathi bayeka ukusela ngequbuliso, banokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-delirium tremens (DT) . Esi sisifo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ubomi, esenzeka xa uyeka ukusela utywala. Sinokubangela iimpawu ezibi ezifana nokuxhuzula kunye nokubona izinto ezingekhoyo. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kufuneka ufune unyango olungxamisekileyo ngoko nangoko. Ngoko ke, ungayeki ukusela ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha, ingakumbi ukuba usela kakhulu.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa unyangwa le meko, ungadibana neengxaki ezininzi ngexesha lokuchacha kwakho. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Ucinga ukuba ndinengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala?
• Ukuba kunjalo, ngaba yimeko enzulu?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango olucetyiswayo?
• Ngaba unyango luza kundinceda ndiyeke ukusela utywala?
• Unyango luthatha ixesha elingakanani?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndingaphindi ndibuyele etywaleni?

Musa ukuba neentloni zokubuza le mibuzo. Okukhona uyiqonda kakuhle imeko yakho, kokukhona amathuba akho okuchacha aphezulu.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba ne-Alcohol Use Disorder, qala uqonde ukuba awuwedwa. Izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela zinengxaki yesi sifo. Ukuqonda ukuba unengxaki linyathelo lokuqala nelibalulekileyo lokuchacha. Ngoko ke ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha. Banokucebisa unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zakho kwaye bakuncede woyise i-Alcohol Use Disorder.

Khumbula, esi sisifo. Sinonyango. Ngoncedo olufanelekileyo nokuzinikela kwakho, nawe ungakoyisa oku kwaye uphile ubomi obusempilweni nobonwabisayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuzimisela.

Ukuxhomekeka kutywala, Ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kotywala, Ukusetyenziswa kotywala, Iimpawu zotywala, Unyango lotywala, Impilo yengqondo, Ukunxila