Ngaba nawe unengxaki yokulawula ubomi bakho ngenxa yokusebenzisa iziyobisi? (Ingxaki Yokusebenzisa Iziyobisi - SUD) Masithethe ngale nto!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe uzive, okanye ngaba uyazi umntu onjalo, ukuba ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, mhlawumbi utywala, icuba, okanye esinye isiyobisi, kuye kwagqithisa? Oko kwaqala njengolonwabo kancinci, kodwa ngoku kuye kwaba yimfuneko kwaye yonke enye into ebomini bakho yonakele? Ukuba kunjalo, eli bali liza kuba libaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Substance Use Disorder (SUD)'.

Yintoni le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (i-SUD)?

Ngamafutshane, ingxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi (i-SUD) yimeko yempilo yengqondo apho ukusebenzisa kwakho iziyobisi kuba nzima kakhulu kangangokuba kuphazamisa impilo yakho, ubomi bakho kunye nobudlelwane bakho. Yayikwabizwa ngokuba "kukulutha iziyobisi" ngaphambili.

Cinga ngale nto, xa sisebenzisa la mayeza, imisebenzi yengqondo yethu iyatshintsha kancinci kancinci. La mayeza akhupha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-'(Dopamine)' engqondweni yethu. Le '(Dopamine)' yiyo esenza sizive sonwabile kwaye silungile. Kodwa ke, xa isiphumo sesiyobisi siphela, olo lonwabo nalo luyanyamalala. Emva koko ingqondo nomzimba zifuna ukufumana olo luvo "luhle" kwakhona. Nokuba kubi kangakanani na kwimpilo yakho, loo mfuno iyaqhubeka. Oku kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo-ntle yakho yengqondo, kubudlelwane bosapho, kwimfundo, nasemsebenzini. Kwezinye iimeko, oku kunokuba yingozi ebomini.

Le meko (i-SUD) inokuchaphazela umntu ngamnye ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Abanye banokufumana iimpawu ezingephi , abanye iimpawu ezilinganiselweyo , kwaye abanye banokufumana iimpawu ezinzima . Nokuba ukuphi na, khumbula ukuba le yimeko enokunyangeka , kwaye zininzi iindlela zokufumana uncedo ukuba ukulungele.

Ziziphi iintlobo zeengxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (i-SUD)?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza anokubangela le meko. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kotywala (`Ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala`).
• Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-cocaine ('ingxaki yokusebenzisa i-cocaine').
• Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis (`Ingxaki yokusebenzisa i-cannabis`).
• Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwecuba (`ingxaki yokusebenzisa icuba`).
• Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-methamphetamine (njengeqhwa) (`ingxaki yokusebenzisa i-Methamphetamine`).
• Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwee-opioid (izidakamizwa zokunciphisa iintlungu ezifana ne-heroin kunye ne-morphine) (`Ingxaki yokusebenzisa ii-opioid`).

Ngamanye amaxesha umntu unokuba likhoboka leziyobisi ezingaphezu kwesinye. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa icuba kunye notywala. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Polysubstance use disorder".

Enyanisweni, njengakwamanye amazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela, enye yezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo ze-"SUD" ezibonwa kwilizwe lethu ziingxaki ezinxulumene notywala.

Zithini iimpawu zale meko?

Iimpawu zengxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweyeza olisebenzisayo. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zeempawu:

1. Ukunxila: Le yimiphumo yexesha elifutshane neyangoku yokusebenzisa iziyobisi. Ingabandakanya ukozela, ukozela, uvuyo olugqithisileyo, kunye neemvakalelo ezinzulu. Ingachaphazela nokugweba kwakho, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye nokusebenza komzimba nengqondo.

2. Iimpawu zokurhoxa: Ezi ziimpawu ezenzekayo njengoko iziphumo zexesha elifutshane zeziyobisi ziphela kwaye iyeza liphuma emzimbeni kancinci kancinci. Ezi zihlala zingathandeki. Zingabandakanya isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza, urhudo, ukubila, ukungalali, ukuxhuzula kwemisipha, kunye nokutshintsha kweemvakalelo.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo sokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (i-SUD)?

Ngokutsho kwe-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, iimpawu zesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-``(SUD)'' zingabandakanya:

• Ukusebenzisa amayeza (ingakumbi amayeza kagqirha) ngaphezu komlinganiselo omiselweyo okanye ixesha elide kunexesha elimiselweyo.
• Umnqweno onamandla okanye umnqweno wokusebenzisa iziyobisi.
• Ukungaphumeleli kwemizamo yokunciphisa okanye yokulawula ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
• Ukuchitha ixesha elininzi ufumana, usebenzisa, okanye ubuyela kwimiphumo yeziyobisi.
• Ubunzima bokuzalisekisa uxanduva emsebenzini, esikolweni, okanye ekhaya ngenxa yokusebenzisa iziyobisi.
• Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa iziyobisi nangona kukho iingxaki zobudlelwane.
• Ukuyeka imisebenzi yentlalo, yobungcali, okanye yokuzonwabisa ngenxa yokusebenzisa iziyobisi.
• Ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ngokuphindaphindiweyo , nangona wayesazi ukuba kunokuba yingozi kuwe.
• Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa iziyobisi nangona unengxaki yomzimba okanye yengqondo enokubangelwa okanye yenziwe mandundu sisiyobisi.
• Uphuhliso lokunyamezela (kufuneka kunyuswe isixa seyeza ukuze kufunyanwe isiphumo esifanayo - `ukunyamezelana`).
• Ukuba neempawu zokurhoxa , ezithi zithomalalise ngokuthatha amayeza amaninzi.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Kutheni le nto ezi ngxaki zinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (i-SUD) zenzeka?

Isizathu esichanekileyo soku asikaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonisa ukuba indlela iziyobisi ezibangela ngayo umlutha isenokuba ngenxa yotshintsho "kwinkqubo yomvuzo" yengqondo yakho. Ngamafutshane, ingqondo iyaqhelana nolonwabo lwexeshana olubonelelwa ziziyobisi, ize ilunqwenele.

Ivela njani le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (i-SUD)?

Izifundo zifumanise ukuba zininzi izinto ezinokubangela uphuhliso lwale meko ``(SUD)```. Umzekelo:

• Uxinzelelo lwentlalo: Impembelelo evela kubahlobo, ukuxelelwa ukuba "uzame kancinci" kwiipati nakwimisitho.
• Ukufuna ukwazi: Umnqweno wokwazi ukuba kunjani ukusebenzisa iziyobisi.
• Ukuphucula ukusebenza: Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba oku kuya kubanceda benze ngcono emsebenzini okanye bafundele iimviwo.
• Ukuphelisa uxinzelelo: Ukuzama ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, ixhala, uloyiko kunye nokudakumba okwethutyana.

Ipateni edla ngokukhokelela kwimeko ethi `(SUD)` ingabonakala ngolu hlobo:

1. Ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo (okanye ukusetyenziswa kweyeza likagqirha): Ukuzama iyeza okokuqala okanye ukusebenzisa iyeza njengoko kumiselwe ngugqirha.

2. Ukusetyenziswa ngamaxesha athile: Ukusetyenziswa ngamaxesha athile, njengakwiindawo zoluntu, xa uchitha ixesha nabahlobo, okanye usebenzisa amayeza ngendlela engeyiyo echazwe ngugqirha.

3. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu: Ukusebenzisa iziyobisi rhoqo, phantse yonke imihla, okanye rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.

4. Ingxaki Yokusetyenziswa Kweziyobisi (SUD): Imeko apho umntu esebenzisa iziyobisi imihla ngemihla okanye amaxesha amaninzi ngemini. Akukho xesha lide lokuhamba ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iziyobisi.

Lo ngumzekelo nje, kuba le meko inokwahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu, kwaye nobunzima bayo buyahluka.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (i-SUD)?

Le meko inokuchaphazela nabani na, nokuba uneminyaka emingaphi, uhlanga, isini, okanye imeko yakhe yezoqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• Ukuba sele unenye ingxaki yempilo yengqondo (umz. ukudakumba, ixhala).
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho (isihlobo sakho semvelo) onesifo `(SUD)`.
• Ukuba ukhe waba namava amabi ebuntwaneni.
• Ukuba kukho umngcipheko wemfuza (utshintsho oluthile lwemfuza lunokubangela ukuba ii-SUD zenzeke rhoqo).
• Ukuchanabeka kwiziyobisi okanye ukufikelela kuzo lula .

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokuvela kule meko?

Eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo neyingozi ye-SUD kukusebenzisa amayeza amaninzi kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa amayeza amaninzi kakhulu kuxa uthatha amayeza amaninzi kakhulu. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango!

Amayeza ahlukeneyo achaphazela amalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba. Umzekelo, ukuba usela i-opioid ngokugqithisileyo, ichaphazela inxalenye yengqondo yakho elawula ukuphefumla. Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, ukuphefumla kwakho kunokucotha, kume, kuze kukhokelele ekufeni.

Kukho iingxaki ezininzi ezinokubakho nge-SUD, kwaye ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko kunye nohlobo lweyeza elisetyenziswayo. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Umhlaza .
• Uxinzelelo .
• Iintsholongwane (umz. `(Isibindi B)`, `(Isibindi C)` kunye `(Intsholongwane kaGawulayo)`).
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo .
• Imingeni yemfundo okanye yobungcali .
• Ubunzima kubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu .
• Ukuziphatha okungakhuselekanga, okungekho mthethweni, okanye okuyingozi .

Ifunyanwa njani le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (i-SUD)?

Akukho vavanyo lunye lokuxilonga le meko. Endaweni yoko, oogqirha baya kuqhuba uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwembali yakho yezonyango kunye neendlela ozisebenzisa ngazo iziyobisi. Banokwenza novavanyo lweziyobisi ukuze babone ukuba zingakanani na kwaye zeziphi iintlobo zeziyobisi ezisemzimbeni wakho ngaxeshanye.

Ugqirha uya kukubuza nangembali yakho yempilo yengqondo, njengoko kuqhelekile ukuba i-SUD ihlale kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo.

Ngokwencwadi ye-American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5), ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"SUD", umntu kufuneka abe neempawu ezimbini ubuncinane kwezi zidweliswe kwicandelo leempawu kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-12 .

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba le meko inokuba namanqanaba ahlukeneyo obunzima:

• Ukuba kukho iimpawu ezimbini okanye ezintathu , yimeko encinci `(SUD)`.
• Ukuba kukho iimpawu ezine okanye ezintlanu , yimeko ephakathi `(SUD)`.
• Ukuba kukho iimpawu ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu , yimeko enzima `(SUD)`.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Inyathelo lokuqala lokunyanga i-SUD kukulawula ukurhoxa . Oku kuquka ukuyeka iyeza nokulivumela ukuba liphume emzimbeni wakho. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-detox. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko, ugqirha unokukunika amayeza okunciphisa iziphumo zeempawu zokurhoxa, ezinokuba nzima kakhulu, emzimbeni nasengqondweni.

Emva kwe-'Detox', ungaqhubeka nonyango olufana nolu:

• Ingcebiso kunye noNyango .
• Amayeza .

Unyango lwe-SUD lucwangciswe ngokwahlukeneyo . Ungadinga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kuhambo lwakho lokuchacha. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, kuquka amaziko onyango ahlala abantu nangaphandle, iindawo zonyango zexesha elifutshane nezexesha elide.

Unyango

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zonyango ezinokunceda ekunyangeni i-SUD kunye nezinye izifo zengqondo ezinokubakho ngexesha elinye. Ezinye zezona ndlela zonyango zisebenzayo ze-SUD kubantu abadala ziquka:

• "Unyango loLuntu oluQinisekileyo (ACT)":Le yindlela esekwe kuluntu yokhathalelo lwempilo yengqondo, endaweni yokulungiselela abantu abagulayo okanye esibhedlele. Yenzelwe umntu ngamnye. Isicwangciso sakho sonyango senzelwe amandla akho, iimfuno zakho kunye neenjongo zakho zexesha elizayo.
• Unyango Lokuziphatha Olusebenzisa Ingqondo (CBT): Oku kukunceda uchonge iindlela zakho zokuziphatha ezinengxaki kunye neendlela zokucinga. Ungazibekela iinjongo zokujongana neengxaki ngendlela ephilileyo.
• Ulawulo lweemeko ezingxamisekileyo: Olu nyango lukukhuthaza ukuba uzibekele usukelo lwakho. Xa ufezekisa usukelo, ufumana umvuzo.
• Unyango Lokuziphatha Kwe-Dialectical (DBT): Olu luhlobo lonyango lokuthetha, olufana ne-CBT. Lukunceda ukuba ulawule iimvakalelo ezinzulu kwaye uqonde indlela iingcinga zakho ezichaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha kwakho.
• Unyango losapho: Oku kunceda ukuphucula ubudlelwane kunye nokuziphatha kusapho okanye kwiqela.
• Unyango lokuphucula ukhuthazo: Oku kukukhuthaza ukuba uzibekele iinjongo onokuzifezekisa. Umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo uza kukukhuthaza ukuba usebenzele ukufezekisa ezo njongo.
• Iingingqi zonyango (iiTC): Olu lunyango lwexesha elide olunceda abantu baphuhlise amaxabiso amatsha, asempilweni kunye nokuziphatha okunxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo ezinxulumene noko.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kumaqela okuzinceda afana neNarcotics Anonymous kunokudlala indima ekunyangeni i-SUD. Ezi nkqubo zinceda abantu batshintshe indlela abaziphatha ngayo ngokuzinceda kunye nenkxaso yoontanga. Unyango lwamaqela lunceda abantu abane-SUD ukuba bahlale benganxilanga kwaye baphephe iziyobisi.

Oogqirha banokucebisa olu nyango lodwa okanye ludityaniswe namayeza.

Amayeza asetyenziselwa le njongo

Amayeza anokunceda ukunyanga ezinye izifo ze-SUD ngokutshintsha ikhemikhali yengqondo yakho. Anokunceda ekunciphiseni iminqweno kunye neempawu zokurhoxa.

Ezinye zeendlela zonyango ezincediswa ngamayeza ezivunyiweyo yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) zezi:

• Kwi-opioids: `(Methadone)`, `(Buprenorphine)` kunye `(Naltrexone)`.
• Kwi-alcohol: `(Naltrexone)`, `(Acamprosate)` kunye `(Disulfiram)`.
• Kwicuba: iziqwenga zenicotine, i-nasal spray, i-chewing gum okanye ii-lozenges; `(Bupropion)` okanye `(Varenicline)`.

Ngaba ezi ngxaki ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (i-SUD) zinokuthintelwa?

Ayizizo zonke iimeko ze-SUD ezinokuthintelwa, njengoko kukho izinto ezininzi ezinegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwesi sifo (uninzi lwazo olungaphaya kwamandla akho). Nangona kunjalo, ungathatha amanyathelo okunciphisa umngcipheko wakho.

Ngokubonelela ngemfundo ezikolweni, kuluntu, nakwiintsapho, inokunciphisa umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okokuqala okanye ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi ezibhalwe ngugqirha. Ezinye iindlela zokuthintela i-SUD ziquka:

• Landela imiyalelo ekwiphepha lakho lemithi ngokuchanekileyo. Musa ukuthatha ngaphezu komlinganiselo omiselweyo. Umzekelo, iingxaki ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-opioid zinokuqala emva kweentsuku ezintlanu kuphela zokusetyenziswa gwenxa.
• Ungaze wabelane ngamayeza akho abhalwe ngugqirha nomnye umntu okanye uthengise amayeza akho. Ngalo lonke ixesha wagcine kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kude nabantwana.
• Ukuba unemithi eseleyo kagqirha (njengee-opioids) ekupheleni konyango, fumana inkqubo yokuqokelela amayeza esekwe kuluntu okanye inkqubo yokubuyisela amayeza ngeposi ukuze uwalahle ngokukhuselekileyo .

Umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi uyanda ngamaxesha oxinzelelo kunye notshintsho lobomi. Kumntu omdala, izinto ezinje ngoqhawulo-mtshato, ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, okanye ukufa komntu omthandayo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi. Kumntwana omncinci, izinto ezinje ngokufuduka, uqhawulo-mtshato losapho, okanye utshintsho esikolweni zinokunyusa umngcipheko. Ngexesha lotshintsho olunje, kubalulekile ukufumana iindlela eziphilileyo zokujongana nalo mba, ezinje ngokuzilolonga, ukucamngca, okanye ukufunda into entsha oza kuyenza. Ukuba unengxaki yokulawula uxinzelelo, bonana nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo .

Iyintoni ikamva lale meko?

Uqikelelo lwale meko luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Uhlobo kunye nobukhali be-`(SUD)`.
• Umgangatho wokuzinikela kunyango nasekuphileni.
• Iimpembelelo zemfuza .
• Uhlangabezana njani noxinzelelo?

Ukulutha iziyobisi sisifo esihlala ixesha elide . Nangona kunjalo, ukuchacha ngokuqinisekileyo kunokwenzeka . Abantu abahlukeneyo bafumana impumelelo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abantu abaninzi bafumana impumelelo ngamaqela enkxaso afana neNarcotics Anonymous kunye nonyango oluqhubekayo.

Ukubuyela umva kuqhelekile kwi-SUD. Ukubuyela umva kuxa uyeka ukusebenzisa iyeza ixesha elithile uze uphinde ulisebenzise. Emva koko kufuneka ukhuphe ityhefu emzimbeni uze uphinde uqalise unyango kwakhona. Oku kunokuba yinkqubo ebangela uxinezeleko. Ungabuyela umva emva kweminyaka emininzi uyisebenzise okokugqibela. Ukuba usemngciphekweni wokubuyela umva, kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ukuba nenkqubo yenkxaso enamandla onokuyithemba.

Ugqirha wakho kufuneka ahlole isicwangciso sakho sonyango rhoqo. Kuqhelekile ukuba iinjongo zakho okanye indlela ophila ngayo itshintshe. Oko kuthetha ukuba unokufuna ukuzama unyango olwahlukileyo okanye amayeza amatsha. Ugqirha unokukunceda wenze utshintsho olufunekayo ebomini bakho bonke.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba okwangoku usebenzisa iyeza rhoqo kwaye ukhathazekile ukuba liya liba ngumkhwa ongenakuyeka wedwa, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha . Ungafumana nesikhokelo kugqirha malunga nendlela yokuthetha nabantwana bakho malunga ne-SUD kunye nendlela yokufumana uncedo ukuba bacinga ukuba basengozini.

Ingxaki Yokusetyenziswa Kweziyobisi (i-SUD) yimeko enzima yempilo yengqondo. Ngenxa yokuba iziyobisi zitshintsha indlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yakho, kunokuba nzima ukuyeka ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, nokuba ufuna. Nangona kunjalo, akulunganga ukucela uncedo ukuba uyalufuna, nangona yenye yezona zinto zinzima ukuzenza.

Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka uthi...

Unyango lunzima. Ukususa ityhefu emzimbeni akumnandi. Unyango ludinisa iimvakalelo. Kodwa ukuchacha kuyafaneleka. Njengoko uqala uhambo lwakho lonyango, unokufuna inkxaso kumhlobo othembekileyo okanye ilungu losapho. Inkuthazo yabo isenokuba yinkuthazo oyifunayo ukuze uthethe nogqirha.

Ngenxa yokuba i-SUD yimeko engapheliyo, unokufuna unyango oluqhubekayo ubomi bakho bonke. Khumbula, iqela lakho lokhathalelo likunye nawe inyathelo ngalinye. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uhambe wedwa kolu hambo. Cela uncedo, uze uphile.

Iziyobisi , umlutha, impilo yengqondo, utywala, icuba, unyango, ukuchacha