Cinga ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni wakho 'njengenkonzo yokuhambisa' ethwala ioksijini emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ngoku, ukuba inani lala maseli abomvu egazi liyancipha, okanye ukuba azisebenzi kakuhle, izicubu zomzimba azifumani ioksijini efunekayo. Le yimeko esiyibiza ngokuba yi-'anemia' okanye 'ukungabikho kwegazi'. Emva koko uhlala uziva udiniwe, ubuthathaka, kwaye ungenabomi. Uninzi lwethu luqhelene ne-anemia ebangelwa kukungabikho kwesinyithi. Kodwa kukwakho neentlobo ze-anemia ezikhula ngabantu abambalwa kakhulu kwaye esingazivanga kangako ngazo. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngezinye zeentlobo ezingaqhelekanga ze-anemia.
Yintoni i-Aplastic Anemia?
Iiseli zethu zegazi zenziwe ngeeseli ze-stem kwi-bone marrow. Ezi ziimbewu zokuqala zazo zonke iiseli zegazi. Kumntu one- aplastic anemia, ezi seli ze-stem kwi-bone marrow zonakele. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba awukwazi ukwenza iiseli zegazi ezintsha ezaneleyo (iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets) ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zawo.
Le meko inokuba yinto yokuzalwa, oko kuthetha ukuba inokudluliselwa ngemizila yemfuza evela kubazali. Okanye inokuvela ngexesha lobomi. Olu hlobo lwesibini lubonakala rhoqo. Ngamanye amaxesha lunokuba lolwexeshana.
Izizathu zangaphandle:
- Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni ezifana ne-lupus kunye ne-rheumatoid arthritis.
- Ukuchanabeka kwiikhemikhali ezifana nezibulala-zinambuzane, i-arsenic, kunye ne-benzene. (Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba utye ikhemikhali, nxibelelana neZiko loLwazi lweePoisons kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo ngoko nangoko.)
- Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-hepatitis, i-Epstein-Barr virus kunye ne-HIV.
- Unyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy yomhlaza.
Iimpawu zesi sifo ziquka ukuphefumla kancinci, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu, ulusu olukhanyayo, iintlungu zesifuba, i-tachycardia, kunye nokubanda kwezandla neenyawo. Unyango lubandakanya utofelo-gazi kunye nokufakelwa iiseli ze-stem.
I-Sideroblastic Anemia
Oku kukwayingxaki yegazi. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba, nangona umzimba une-iron, awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa loo iron ukwenza i-hemoglobin. I-Hemoglobin yiproteni enceda iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zithwale ioksijini. Ngenxa yokuba i-iron ayinakusetyenziswa, i-iron iqokelelana kumongo wethambo ize yenze uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-sideroblasts.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale nto. Enye ibangelwa kukuvezwa kwikhemikhali okanye iyeza elivela ngaphandle. Enye ibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okudlulela kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, okuphazamisa ukuveliswa kwe-hemoglobin. Iimpawu ziquka iintlungu zesifuba, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, iintloko ezibuhlungu, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumanisa unobangela wesifo. Ukuba imeko ibangelwa liyeza okanye ikhemikhali ethile, kufuneka ithintelwe ngokucetyiswa ngugqirha.
Unyango lweVithamin B6 kunye nokufakelwa komongo wethambo nazo zizinto zonyango loku.
Ezinye iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga ze-anemia
Ukongeza kwiintlobo ezixutyushwe apha ngasentla, kukho nezinye iintlobo ezininzi ze-anemia esingazivanga kangako ngazo. Masizijonge ngokufutshane nazo.
| Uhlobo lwe-anemia | Ingcaciso elula | Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| IiSyndromes zeMyelodysplastic (MDS) | Imeko apho umongo wethambo wonakele kwaye ungakwazi ukuvelisa iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni. Oku kuthathwa njengohlobo lomhlaza. | Ukudumba, ukopha, usulelo, umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukudinwa, ukwehla kobunzima. |
| I-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia | Inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba itshabalalisa iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, izitshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba zinokutshintshwa. | Ukudinwa, ulusu olukhanyayo, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, isiyezi, ukubanda, iintlungu zomqolo, ukutyheli kolusu (i-jaundice). |
| I-Megaloblastic Anemia | Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezenziwe ngumongo wethambo zinkulu ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye azikhuli. Oku kuzithintela ekuthwaleni ioksijini. Oku kubangelwa kukunqongophala kwevithamini B12 okanye i-B9 (i-folate). | Ukudinwa, ukudinwa, urhudo, isicaphucaphu, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, iintlungu zemisipha, isicaphucaphu. |
| I-Fanconi Anemia | Ingxaki yemfuza edluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Umongo wethambo awuvelisi iiseli zegazi ezaneleyo. | Iinzwane ezinkulu ezingaqhelekanga, ukukrweleka/ukopha okulula, usulelo oluqhelekileyo, iingxaki zentliziyo, zezintso, amathambo, ukutshintsha kombala wolusu. Umngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza (ingakumbi i-AML). |
Ezinye izifo ezingaqhelekanga ezifana neDiamond-Blackfan kunye neCDA
- I-Diamond-Blackfan Anemia: Oku kubangelwa nalutshintsho lwemfuza. Umongo awukwazi ukuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo. Aba bantwana bafutshane, banamathambo abuthathaka, kwaye banokuba nokudumba kwentliziyo.
- I-Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia (CDA): Olu luhlobo lwe-anemia olufunyanwa njengelifa. Lunciphisa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni. Abanye abantu basenokungadingi naluphi na unyango, kodwa iimeko ezinzima zinokufuna utofelo-gazi okanye ukufakelwa iiseli ze-stem.
Wenza ntoni kwimeko enje?
Njengoko ubona, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zazo zonke ezi ntlobo ze-anemia kukudinwa kakhulu, ukuba mnyama, ukuphefumla kancinci, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke ukuba unazo ezi mpawu rhoqo, musa ukuzityeshela nje.
Ukuzicingela nokuthatha iipilisi zesinyithi kwikhemesti akuyi kuyisombulula ingxaki enzulu efana nale. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumanisa isifo ngokuchanekileyo.
Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wakho. Uza kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi kunye novavanyo lomongo wethambo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela wesifo. Unyango luya kuxhomekeka kwisizathu. Nangona ezinye iimeko zinokunyangwa ngamayeza, kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokufuneka wenze unyango olukhulu olufana nokufakelwa umongo wethambo. Ukuba uneempawu ezinzima (umz., intloko ebuhlungu, iintlungu zesifuba), kubalulekile ukuya kwigumbi likaxakeka (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- 'I-anemia' ayisoloko ibangelwa kukunqongophala kwe-iron. Kukho iintlobo ezinqabileyo kodwa ezinzulu.
- Ukuba uqhubeka ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokudinwa okungapheliyo, ukudinwa, ulusu olukhanyayo, kunye nesiyezi, musa ukuzityeshela.
- Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze wenze oko, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha ofanelekileyo. Musa ukuzama ukuzinyanga.
- Uninzi lwezi zifo lufuzo, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onezifo zegazi, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngazo.
- Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, uninzi lwezi meko zinokulawulwa kwaye ezinye zinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke ungoyiki kwaye ulandele icebiso likagqirha wakho.
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