Cinga ngemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi entliziyweni yakho, engqondweni, nasemalungeni njengeendlela. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi ndlela ziyavaleka ngamanqatha anjenge -cholesterol , enokuthi inciphise imithambo yegazi ngaphakathi, njengokuvaleka kwendlela. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis . Xa imithambo yegazi ivalekile ngolu hlobo, kuvela iimeko ezinzima ezifana neentlungu zesifuba , ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo , kunye nestroke . Ngoko ke, i-angioplasty lunyango olubaluleke kakhulu lokuvula kwakhona imithambo yegazi evalekileyo kunye nokubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi .
Yintoni kanye kanye i-Angioplasty?
Ngamafutshane, i-angioplasty yinkqubo ebandakanya ukufakwa kombhobho omncinci ( i-catheter ) kumthambo ovalekileyo ngaphandle kotyando olukhulu, kunye nokuvumela igazi ukuba lihambe ngokukhululekileyo. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya ukufutha ibhaluni encinci ekupheleni kombhobho kwindawo evalekileyo. Oku kutyhala i-plaque (iidipozithi zamafutha) eludongeni lomthambo, kuvuleke umthambo ngokubanzi kwakhona.
Le yinkqubo engaphantsi kakhulu xa ithelekiswa notyando olukhulu olufana notyando lwe-bypass. Ke ngoko, iingozi ziphantsi kwaye ixesha lokuchacha lifutshane. Impilo yentliziyo yethu kunye nemithambo yegazi ibalulekile kwimpilo yomzimba wethu wonke. Ke ngoko, olu nyango ludla ngokuba yimfuneko ukuthintela iingxaki ezinzulu ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nestroke.
Ziziphi iintlobo kunye neendlela ze-angioplasty?
Oogqirha basebenzisa amagama ahlukeneyo kule nkqubo kuxhomekeke kwimithambo yegazi enyangwayo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:
- I-Coronary Artery Angioplasty: Olu lunyango lwemithambo yegazi ephambili ehambisa igazi entliziyweni. Le siyibiza ngokuba yimithambo yegazi yentliziyo. Elinye igama lolu nyango yi-`(Percutaneous Coronary Intervention – PCI)`.
- I-Peripheral Artery Angioplasty: Oku kubhekisa kunyango lwemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi esuka entliziyweni ukuya kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, njengeengalo nemilenze.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza olu nyango:
- I-Angioplasty yeBhaluni:Le yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, umthambo uyandiswa ngokufutha ibhaluni encinci.
- I-Angioplasty ene-Stent: Rhoqo, emva kokuba umthambo ukhuliswe ngebhaluni, ityhubhu encinci ye-mesh (ebizwa ngokuba yi-stent ) ifakwa ngokusisigxina kumthambo ukuze ihlale ivulekile. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba umthambo uphinde unciphe.
- I-Excimer Laser Angioplasty: Endaweni yebhaluni, kusetyenziswa umqadi welaser ukunyibilikisa nokususa i-fatty plaque kwimithambo yegazi. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ayisetyenziswa rhoqo kunendlela yebhaluni.
Ifuneka nini i-angioplasty?
Apha ngezantsi kukho ezinye zeemeko apho unokufuna khona i-angioplasty. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi meko, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa olu nyango.
| Imeko yezonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo | Oku kwenziwa njengonyango olungxamisekileyo ukunciphisa umonakalo entliziyweni ngexesha okanye emva nje kohlaselo lwentliziyo. |
| Isifo seMitha yeCoronary (CAD) | Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni. Oku kunokubangela iintlungu esifubeni. Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokwenza i-angioplasty. |
| Isifo seMitha yoMthambo oPheleleyo (i-PAD) | Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emikhulu ezingalweni, emilenzeni, nakwisinqe. Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokubangela iintlungu, izilonda, kunye nokufa kwezicubu (i-gangrene) emilenzeni. |
| Isifo seCarotid Artery | Ukuvaleka komthambo ophambili entanyeni ohambisa igazi engqondweni. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko westroke. |
| Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo | Xa imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi kwizintso ivalekile, ukusebenza kwezintso kunokuphazamiseka. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-angioplasty yale mithambo inokuyiphucula imeko. |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ngaphambi kokuba enze olu nyango, ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo lwe-X-ray olubizwa ngokuba yi-angiogram ukuze afumanise ukuba umthambo wegazi uvalekile phi na kwaye unzima kangakanani.
Ulungiselela njani ngaphambi konyango?
Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika imiyalelo ecacileyo yendlela yokulungiselela oku. Ngokwesiqhelo, kuya kufuneka unikele ingqalelo kwezi zinto:
- Uza kucelwa ukuba ungatyi okanye ungaseli (uzilo ukutya) kangangeeyure ezisi-8 ngaphambi konyango. Kulungile ukusela amanzi amancinci.
- Ufanele uxelele ugqirha wakho ngamayeza owasebenzisayo, ingakumbi amayeza okunciphisa ukugabha kwegazi . Angakucela ukuba uyeke ukuwasebenzisa kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa.
- Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba wakha waba ne-allergy kwidayi yokwahlulahlula okanye amayeza okubulala iintlungu awayesetyenziswa kwi-X-rays zangaphambili.
- Ufanele ubazise nokuba ukhulelwe .
- Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba awuyi kukwazi ukuqhuba ngemini yonyango. Ngoko ke, ukuba uya ekhaya ngaloo mini inye, kuya kufuneka ulungiselele ukuba umntu akuqhubele . Kusenokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ubusuku bonke.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lonyango?
Akukho nto inokubangela ixhala. La ngamanyathelo adla ngokwenzeka:
1. Uza kunikwa ilokhwe yesibhedlele oza kuyinxiba kwaye uza kulaliswa etafileni ekhethekileyo.
2. Uza kunikwa iyeza lokuthomalalisa nge-IV line eliza kukwenza ulale kancinci, kodwa uza kuba uphaphile ngokwaneleyo ukuba ulandele imiyalelo.
3. Kuyo yonke inkqubo yonyango, oomatshini bajonga izinto ezifana nesantya sentliziyo yakho kunye namanqanaba eoksijini.
4. Indawo apho kufakwa khona i-catheter (ngesiqhelo i-groin okanye ingalo) ayisebenzi kakuhle nge -anesthesia yendawo . Ngoko awuyi kuva ntlungu. Ungaziva ucinezelekile kancinci.
5. Ugqirha ufaka umthambo wegazi ngenaliti aze afake ityhubhu (isingxobo) ngayo.
6. Emva koko, ucingo kunye ne-catheter zidluliselwa kule tube ukuya kwimithambo yegazi ekujoliswe kuyo. Ngeli xesha, umatshini we-X-reyi (i-fluoroscopy) ujikeleza ngeenxa zonke kuwe, unceda ugqirha ukuba abone indlela ye tube macala onke.
7. Nje ukuba kufikelele ekuvalekeni, kufakwa idayi ekhethekileyo (idayi yokwahlulahlula) ngetyhubhu. I-X-ray iya kubonisa igazi elihamba ngemithambo ngokucacileyo. Ngeli xesha, ungaziva ufudumele okanye uzive ngathi kufuneka uchame imizuzwana embalwa.Ungafika. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo.
8. Nje ukuba kufumaneke indawo echanekileyo yokuvaleka, ucingo oluncinci ludluliselwa kuyo, kwaye i-catheter enetyhubhu phezulu idluliselwa kuyo.
9. Emva koko ibhaluni iya kuvuthelana imizuzwana embalwa . Kusenokufuneka ukwenze oku izihlandlo ezininzi.
10. Siza kuthatha enye i-X-ray ukuze sibone ukuba ukujikeleza kwegazi kuphucuke kangakanani na.
11. Amaxesha amaninzi, i-stent, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ibekwa kuloo ndawo . Le stent inceda ukugcina umthambo uvulekile nokuba ibhaluni isusiwe.
Xa unyango lugqityiwe, ugqirha uza kuyisusa i-catheter, ayibophe ngebhandishi kwindawo efakwe kuyo, aze ayibambe okwethutyana ukuze ayeke ukopha. Ukuba i-catheter ifakwe ngaphakathi kwesisu, kuya kufuneka ulale ebhedini iiyure ezimbalwa.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi kolu nyango?
Njengakweminye inkqubo yezonyango, i-angioplasty ineengozi ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki ezinkulu azixhaphakanga . Kububulumko ngakumbi ukuba le nkqubo yenziwe kwiziko elinomthamo omkhulu kunye noogqirha abanamava abenza le nkqubo rhoqo.
Iingozi ezinokubakho:
- Ukopha, iintlungu, okanye usulelo kwindawo yokufaka i-catheter.
- I-allergy kwidayi okanye i-anesthetic esetyenzisiweyo.
- Ukonakala kwemithambo yegazi okanye izintso.
- Ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi.
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-arrhythmia).
- Ukuba i-stent ayifakwanga, umthambo uya kuphinda uvaleke.
- Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba kubekho uhlaselo lwentliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi.
Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, abo banesifo sezintso, okanye abo bavalekileyo kwimithambo yegazi emininzi banokuba nethuba elingaphezulu kancinci lokufumana iingxaki.
Ixesha lokuchacha kunye nexesha lokubona ugqirha
Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iiyure ezimbalwa okanye ubusuku bonke emva konyango. Usenokuziva udiniwe xa ubuyela ekhaya. Phumla ngokwaneleyo kwaye usele amanzi amaninzi . Ugqirha wakho uya kukucebisa ukuba uphephe ukwenza umsebenzi onzima kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Inxeba apho kufakwe khona i-catheter linokuba likruqukile kancinci kwaye lithambile kangangeveki.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Emva konyango, uza kunikwa iyeza lokunciphisa igazi, elifana ne-aspirin. Kubalulekile ukulithatha eli yeza kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelela, ngaphandle kokuphosa idosi enye . Ukuba uziva ngathi kufuneka uyeke ukulithatha, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze njalo.
Ufanele ukwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini uze uqhube emva kweveki. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lonyango olufumeneyo. Buza ugqirha wakho ngaloo nto.
Ukuba unezi mpawu, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko:
- Ukuba indawo yokufaka i-catheter iyopha okanye ibonakala ngathi inentsholongwane (ibomvu, idumbile, igcwele ubovu).
- Ukuba umbala waloo mlenze uyatshintsha .
- Ukuba uziva iintlungu okanye ubushushu obukhulu kuloo ndawo.
- Ukuba ufumana iintlungu esifubeni okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Angioplasty lunyango olusebenzayo kakhulu nolwenziwa ngokubanzi olukhulisa imithambo yegazi evalekileyo kwaye lubuyisele ukuhamba kwegazi.
- Amaxesha amaninzi, ngeli xesha lonyango, kufakwa i-stent kumthambo ukuze ingavaleki kwakhona.
- Ekubeni olu tyando lungelulo olukhulu, iingozi ziphantsi kwaye ukuchacha kuyakhawuleza.
- Emva konyango, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha ngokungqongqo, ingakumbi malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa amayeza.
- Ukuba unemibuzo, iinkxalabo, okanye amathandabuzo malunga noku, thetha nogqirha wakho ngokukhululekileyo. Ukho ukukunceda.
I-Angioplasty, isifo sentliziyo, i-stent, ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi, iintlungu zesifuba, uhlaselo lwentliziyo, i-cholesterol
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