Ubusazi na ukuba xa sigula, xa sibanjwa ngumkhuhlane, kubakho idabi elikhulu ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu? Ukhuselo lwemizimba yethu lulwa neentsholongwane, oko kukuthi, abahlaseli, bevela ngaphandle ngendlela engabonakaliyo. Amajoni akhethekileyo nanobuchule kweli qela lokhuselo 'zii-antibodies' esithetha ngazo namhlanje. Ngaphandle kwezi, nokuba ngumkhuhlane omncinci unokusifaka engxakini enkulu.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi antibodies?
Ukuze siqonde oku, masithathe umzekelo omncinci. Khawucinge ukuba umzimba wakho lilizwe elikhuselekileyo. Amasela neentshaba zinokuvela ngaphandle kweli lizwe. Oko kuthetha izinto ezifana neebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, iifungi, kunye neetyhefu. Sibiza nantoni na eyingozi emizimbeni yethu kwaye ivela ngaphandle kwe-antigen . Ngamafutshane, i-antigen ngumhlaseli ongena emizimbeni yethu.
Ngoku, xa lo mhlaseli (i-Antigen) engena emzimbeni, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela, inkqubo yokuzikhusela, iyayiqonda. Ithumela ngoko nangoko isignali ethi, "Nanku umntu ongaziwayo!" Ngaloo mzuzu, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela ivelisa uhlobo oluthile lweproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-antibody yokulwa nalo mhlaseli nokuwutshabalalisa. Ngoko ke, i-antibody ifana nepolisa okanye isosha emzimbeni wethu.
Elinye igama elisetyenziselwa ii-antibodies yi -Immunoglobulin . Ungalibona eli gama lifinyeziwe ngolu hlobo (Ig) kwezinye zeengxelo zakho zovavanyo lwegazi.
Ziveliswa njani ezi antibodies? Zisebenza phi?
Iiseli ze-B, uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi emzimbeni wethu, zisebenza njengeefektri ezivelisa ezi antibodies. Xa i-antigen, okanye intsholongwane, idibana neseli ye-B, iseli ye-B iyahlukana ngokukhawuleza ize yenze amawaka eekopi zayo. Ezi seli zintsha sizibiza ngokuba ziiseli ze-plasma. Ziiseli ze-plasma ezivelisa izigidi zee-antibodies kwaye zizikhuphele egazini nakwinkqubo ye-lymph.
Ezi antibodies emva koko zihamba emzimbeni wonke, zikhangela ezo zihlaseli, zizibambe, kwaye zitshabalalise.
Ezi antibodies zifumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi emizimbeni yethu:
- Egazini
- Ulusu
- Emiphungeni
- Ndineenyembezi
- Ematheni
- Ingakumbi kubisi lwebele
Ewe, ubisi olujiyileyo olukhutshwa ngumama kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokuzalwa komntwana, olubizwa ngokuba yi-colostrum, lunezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lee-antibodies. Yiyo loo nto ukuncancisa kwandisa kakhulu amandla okuzikhusela komntwana. Umntwana ufumana izinto ezikhuselayo emzimbeni kamama ngqo.
Kukho iintlobo ezi-5 zee-antibodies - ayizizo zonke ezenza into efanayo!
Njengokuba kukho iirejimenti ezahlukeneyo kwimikhosi yethu yokhuseleko, ii-antibodies zahlulwe zaba ziintlobo ezi-5 eziphambili. Uhlobo ngalunye lunendima ethile. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.
| Uhlobo lwe-antibody | Umsebenzi ophambili kunye nokuchwephesha |
|---|---|
| I-Immunoglobulin G (IgG) | Olu lolona hlobo lufumaneka kakhulu egazini lethu. Ngabo bakhumbula usulelo lwangaphambili kwaye bakulungele ukulwa nalo ukuba intsholongwane efanayo iyabuya. La ma-antibodies e-IgG akwawela kwi-placenta aze akhusele umntwana osesibelekweni. |
| I-Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | Ezi zifumaneka kakhulu kwiinwebu zempumlo, umphimbo, imiphunga, kunye nendlela yokugaya ukutya. Oku kuthetha ukuba ziindlela apho iintsholongwane zingena khona emzimbeni. Zikwafumaneka ngobuninzi kubisi lwebele. |
| I-Immunoglobulin M (IgM) | Xa usulelo olutsha lufika emzimbeni, la majoni e-IgM ngawokuqala ukuya edabini. Yiyo loo nto amanqanaba e-IgM evavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba usulelo lwakutshanje lukhona na. |
| I-Immunoglobulin E (IgE) | Aba ngabona badlala indima ephambili kwi-allergies. Amanqanaba e-IgE ayanda xa umzimba usabela kwizinto ezifana nothuli, i-pollen, kunye nokutya okuthile. Bakwalwa neentsholongwane. |
| I-Immunoglobulin D (IgD) | Ezi zifumaneka ngobuninzi obuncinci kakhulu egazini. Nangona kukholelwa ukuba zinceda ii-B cells zisebenze, indima yazo echanekileyo isaphandwa. |
Ii-antibodies ezenziwe kwilebhu? Zithini ezi monoclonal antibodies?
Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-antibodies eziveliswa yimizimba yethu ngokwendalo zisenokungakwazi ukulwa nesifo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, izazinzulu zenza uhlobo oluthile lwe-antibody kwilebhu. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi -Monoclonal Antibodies .
Oku kufana nokuthumela i-missile kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo. Ezi antibodies zenzelwe ukujolisa nokuhlasela iseli ethile kuphela (umz., iseli yomhlaza) okanye iproteni ebangela isifo esithile. Le ndlela yonyango ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-immunotherapy .
Le ndlela yokunyanga ngoku isetyenziswa kwizifo ezininzi.
| Ezinye zeemeko apho kusetyenziswa khona unyango lwe-monoclonal antibody |
|---|
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Masithethe ngezinye izihlandlo ezikhethekileyo.
Xa sithetha ngee-antibodies, kukho iimeko ezimbalwa esihlala sive ngazo.
I-COVID-19 kunye nee-antibodies
Ngenxa yobhubhane we-COVID-19, sonke saqala ukuva ngee-antibodies.
- Ukuba uphilile kwi-COVID-19, umzimba wakho uphuhlise ii-antibodies ezinokulwa nentsholongwane.
- Ukuba ufumene isitofu se-COVID-19, siya kukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwee-antibodies emzimbeni wakho.
- Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Xa umntu osele ephilile kwi-COVID-19 efumana isitofu, impendulo yaloo mntu kwi-antibody iba namandla ngakumbi. Ukhuseleko olulunikayo nalo luba lukhulu.
Ungafumana uvavanyo lwe-antibody ukuze ubone ukuba unayo na i-COVID antibodies emzimbeni wakho. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lusaqhubeka malunga nokuba la ma-antibodies ahlala ixesha elingakanani emzimbeni.
Ii-Antibodies zeThyroglobulin (ii-Antibodies ezihlasela i-thyroid gland)
Ngamanye amaxesha, inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela iqala ngempazamo ukuhlasela amalungu aphilileyo omzimba wethu. Abantu abaninzi abaneengxaki ze-thyroid banee-antibodies ezihlasela i-thyroid gland yabo. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-Thyroglobulin antibodies .Ezi zinokubangela ukuba i-thyroid gland isebenze kakhulu (i-hyperthyroidism) okanye ingasebenzi kakuhle (i-hypothyroidism).
Ukuba ugqirha wakho urhanela ukuba unengxaki ye-thyroid, unokuyalela ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga amanqanaba ezi antibodies.
Ii-Autoantibodies
Le yeyona nxalenye iphambili yengcamango "yokuzihlasela" esithethe ngayo ngaphambili. Ii-antibodies zethu ziphazamisa iiproteni kwiiseli zethu eziphilileyo "njengezihlaselayo" kwaye ziqala ukuzihlasela. Ezi antibodies zibizwa ngokuba zii-autoantibodies .
Sibiza izifo ezibangelwa yile meko ngokuba zizifo zokuzikhusela komzimba .
- I-Lupus
- Irheumatoid arthritis
- Isifo sikaHashimoto
- Uhlobo lwe-1 lwesifo seswekile
Imizekelo yezifo ezinjalo ibandakanya: Uvavanyo lwe-ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) lolona vavanyo luphambili olwenziwayo xa kukho ukurhanelwa kweso sifo.
Ukuba uvavanyo lwe-ANA lubonise ukuba unayo loo ntsholongwane akuthethi ukuba unesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba. Kuthetha nje ukuba ugqirha wakho kufuneka ahlolisise ngakumbi. Ngoko ke ungothuswa yingxelo enjalo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-antibodies ziiproteni eziveliswa yinkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela ezisikhusela kwiintsholongwane, kwiintsholongwane, nakwiityhefu.
- Into eyingozi emzimbeni wethu evela ngaphandle ibizwa ngokuba yi-antigen, kwaye into ezama ukulwa nayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-antibody.
- Ubisi lwebele, ingakumbi i-colostrum, lukhusela kakhulu iintsana kuba lutyebile kwii-antibodies.
- Ngamanye amaxesha ii-antibodies zethu zinokuhlasela amalungu aphilileyo omzimba wethu. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba zizifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni.
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga nee-antibodies, amasosha omzimba, okanye nayiphi na imeko ekhankanyiweyo kweli nqaku, nceda uxoxe ngayo nogqirha wakho.
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