Usenokuba usebenzisa amayeza okubangela i-allergies, i-asthma, ukuchama rhoqo, okanye isicaphucaphu sokuhamba. Nangona amayeza emeko nganye ahlukile, uninzi lwala mayeza lukwiqela elifanayo elikhulu lamayeza. Lolo luhlobo lwamayeza esiza kuthetha ngalo namhlanje. Abizwa ngokuba yi-anticholinergics. Usenokuba awuzange uve ngeli gama, kodwa mhlawumbi sele uthatha elinye lala mayeza.
Ngamafutshane, zeziphi ezi ziyobisi ze-anticholinergic?
Ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale sithethe kancinci ngenkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomzimba wethu. Iiseli zemithambo-luvo emzimbeni wethu zitshintshiselana imiyalezo, njengomntu othumela iileta. Iikhemikhali ezithwala le miyalezo sizibiza ngokuba zii-neurotransmitters. Esinye sezithunywa ezikhethekileyo yi -acetylcholine .
Isebenza ikakhulu kwinxalenye yeNkqubo yethu yeNervous Autonomic. Ibizwa ngokuba yiParasympathetic Nervous System. Nangona eli gama livakala linzima kancinci, umsebenzi walo ulula kakhulu. Yiyo elungiselela umzimba wethu ukuba "Uphumle kwaye Ugaye." Oko kuthetha izinto ezinje ngokuthomalalisa isantya sentliziyo yethu, ukukhupha amathe kunye nejusi yokugaya ukutya, kunye nokulawula ukusebenza kwesinyi.
Ngoku, into eyenziwa ngamayeza e-Anticholinergic kukuba aphazamisana nomsebenzi waloo messenger obizwa ngokuba yi-Acetylcholine. Oko kukuthi, ayayithintela. Emva koko ezinye zeenkqubo ezikunceda "uphumle kwaye wetyise" ziyancipha kancinci. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu kuthi kwezinye iimeko zonyango.
Zeziphi izifo ezisetyenziselwa la mayeza?
Kukho amayeza angaphezu kwama-600 aneempawu zokulwa ne-cholinergic. Le yeyona nto iphambili eyenziwa ngamanye amayeza. Inokuba nefuthe elibi kwamanye. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iindlela eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwala mayeza.
| Igama lesiyobisi (umzekelo) | Iimeko ezisetyenziswa kakhulu |
|---|---|
| I-Atropine | Njengonyango lwentliziyo ebetha kancinci ngokungaqhelekanga (bradycardia) kunye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa yityhefu. |
| IBenztropine, iTrihexyphenidyl | Ukulawula iimpawu ezifana nokungcangcazela okubangelwa sisifo sikaParkinson. |
| I-Diphenhydramine | Ifumaneka kwiipilisi ezininzi ze-allergy kunye nezinye iipilisi zokulala. |
| I-Ipratropium, iTiotropium | Ifumaneka kwii-inhaler ezisetyenziselwa izifo zokuphefumla ezifana ne-asthma kunye ne-COPD. |
| I-Oxybutynin, i-Solifenacin, i-Tolterodine | Ikwasetyenziswa njengekhrimu yokulawula ukuchama rhoqo (Urge Incontinence) kunye nokuqhina kwemisipha yesinyi. Ikwasetyenziswa njengekhrimu yokunyanga ukubila okugqithisileyo (Hyperhidrosis). |
| I-Scopolamine | Inikwa isicaphucaphu kunye nokuhlanza okwenzeka xa useluhambeni (isicaphucaphu sokuhamba). |
| I-Glycopyrrolate, iVecuronium | Isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuvuza kwamathe ngaphambi kotyando kunye nokuphazamisa izihlunu ngexesha lotyando. |
Ukongeza, amanye amayeza okudakumba, amayeza engqondo, kunye namanye amayeza okulwa nee-allergy (i-antihistamines) nawo anokuba nale mpawu ye-anticholinergic njengesiphumo esibi.
Zithini iingenelo kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zolu hlobo lwamayeza?
Iingenelo
La mayeza aluncedo kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha ayasindisa ubomi . Umzekelo, xa kutyiwa ityhefu efana nesibulali-zinambuzane, kunikwa iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-Atropine njengonyango. Eli yeza likwanceda ukubuyisela izinga lentliziyo xa lihla ngendlela eyingozi.
Kubalulekile:Ukuba umntu utya ityhefu, mthathe ngoko nangoko umse kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane. Kubalulekile nokufowunela iZiko loLwazi lweePoison kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya.
Kwelinye icala, eli yeza likwanceda ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi bethu. Khawucinge nje, kumnandi kangakanani kumntu owayesoloko ekuphepha ukuya kuhambo kuba esoyika ukuhlanza, ukuba akwazi ukusela ipilisi encinci aze ahambe kuloo hambo ngaphandle kweengxaki? Ngokufanayo, eli yeza linceda umntu owayesoloko esoyika ukuya kwindlu yangasese rhoqo, ukuba aphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
Imiphumela
Njengayo nayiphi na iyeza, la mayeza e-anticholinergic anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ozifumanayo, kwaye zinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwidosi, ubudala bomntu, kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo. Abantu abadala banamathuba ngakumbi okuva ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Nantsi icebo elincinci lokukhumbula ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga:
- "Ishushu njengomvundla" - Ubushushu bomzimba obunyukileyo.
- "Imfama njengelulwane" - Iimbombo zamehlo ziyavuleka, nto leyo ebangela ukubona okufipheleyo.
- "Yomile njengethambo" - ukwehla kokuveliswa kwamathe kunye neenyembezi.
- "Ubomvu njenge-beet" - Ukubomvu kwesikhumba.
- "Uhlanya njengehatter" - ukudideka, iingxaki zenkumbulo.
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Umlomo Owomileyo | Ukungonwabi okubangelwa kukuncipha kokuveliswa kwamathe. |
| Umbono Ongacacanga | Ubunzima bokubona kufutshane ngenxa yobukhulu bomzimba. |
| Ukungakwazi ukuchama (Ukugcinwa komchamo) | Ubunzima bokukhupha umchamo ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokukhululeka kwemisipha yesinyi. |
| Ukuqhinwa | Ukucothisa iinkqubo zokugaya ukutya. |
| Ukudideka/Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo | Inokwenzeka ngakumbi kubantu abadala. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (iTachycardia) | Ukuziva ukubetha kwentliziyo okunyukileyo. |
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Ukuba usebenzisa amayeza anje, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho kwezi meko zilandelayo:
- Ukuba iyeza olisebenzisayo alikuziseli impumuzo oyifunayo.
- Ukuba unengxaki yokusebenzisa amayeza kanye njengoko ugqirha ekuyalele.
- Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza ziphazamisana nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla (umzekelo, ukuba unengxaki yokutya ngenxa yomlomo owomileyo, okanye ukuba unengxaki yokuqhuba okanye yokufunda incwadi ngenxa yokungaboni kakuhle).
Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho kuqala. Ukwenza njalo kunokwenza imeko yakho ibe mandundu.
Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nala mayeza, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho wosapho. Angachaza ukuba loluphi unyango olukulungeleyo, iingenelo zalo kunye nemiphumo yalo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-Anticholinergics ludidi oluqhelekileyo lwamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo, kuquka i-allergies, i-asthma, isifo sikaParkinson, kunye neengxaki zomchamo.
- Ezi zisebenza ngokuthintela isenzo se-chemical messenger ebizwa ngokuba yi-acetylcholine kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomzimba.
- Iziphumo ezingezizo ezifana nomlomo owomileyo, ukubona okufipheleyo, ukuqhinwa, kunye nokudideka zinokubakho. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kubantu abadala.
- Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha naliphi na iyeza okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga namayeza akho okanye iziphumo zawo ezingezizo, umntu ofanelekileyo onokuthetha naye ngugqirha wakho.
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