Impilo yokuthintelaJulayi 16, 2026🔄 Updated: Jul 16, 2026⏱ 6 min

Oko kufuneka ukwazi malunga nemithi yokunciphisa igazi (i-anticoagulants)

Creator: Dr. Priya Sammani
Published: 2026-07-15T22:50:47.000Z

Dr. Priya Sammani, MBBS, PG Dip. FMMedical Verification

Ngaba ugqirha wakho ukunike iyeza lokuthintela amahlwili egazi? Abanye abantu bakubiza oku ngokuthi 'ukunciphisa igazi'. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye unexhala xa usiva ngale yeza. Imibuzo efana nethi "Ngaba ukopha kuya kuyeka ukuba ndizisika ingalo okanye umlenze?" isenokufika engqondweni yakho. Kodwa le yeza yinto enokusindisa ubomi bakho. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngala mayeza okunciphisa igazi, okanye 'Anticoagulants', ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi anticoagulants?

Ii-anticoagulants ziluhlobo lwamayeza anciphisa amandla egazi lakho okujiya. Zinceda umzimba wakho unyibilikise amahlwili egazi akhoyo, okanye zithintele ukwakheka kwamahlwili amatsha. Ezi azizo iipilisi nje kuphela.

Amayeza omlomo
Njengesitofu (Iinaliti)
Njengolwelo olufakwa emthanjeni (Intravenous - IV)

La mayeza eza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngala: La mayeza adla ngokusetyenziswa ukuthintela nokunyanga iimeko ezinzulu nezisongela ubomi ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi emaphaphu.

Kutheni siludinga olu hlobo lweyeza?

Khawuthelekelele ukuba unenxeba elincinci engalweni okanye emlenzeni. Emva kwexesha elithile, ukopha kuyayeka. Kwenzeka njani oko? Kungenxa yokuba igazi liyaqhekeka. Le yindlela entle yokuzikhusela emzimbeni wethu. Le nkqubo iyayeka ukopha kakhulu kwinxeba kwaye inxeba liqala ukuphola.

Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki iqala xa la mahlwili egazi esenzeka ngokungeyomfuneko, kwiindawo ezingafanelekanga, oko kukuthi, ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ihlwili legazi elenzeka ngolu hlobo lihamba negazi lize libhajwe kumthambo wegazi omncinci engqondweni, entliziyweni, okanye emiphungeni? Emva koko ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwilungu elinikezelwa nguloo mthambo kuyayeka, kwaye elo lungu liqala ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwaye lonakale. Le yeyona nto iyingozi kakhulu.

Ezi zezinye zezona meko zinzima kakhulu ezinokwenzeka ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwegazi ngale ndlela.

Imeko eyingozi	Kwenzeka ntoni nje
Istroke	Ihlwili legazi liyahamba liye engqondweni lize livale umthambo omncinci wegazi apho. Oku kunokubangela ukuba iiseli zengqondo zife.
Ukuxhuzula kweMiphunga (PE)	Ihlwili legazi livala umthambo omkhulu wegazi oya emiphungeni. Le yimeko embi kakhulu, enokuba yingozi.
Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo	Ihlwili legazi lithintela imithambo yentliziyo ehambisa igazi entliziyweni. Oku konakalisa nezihlunu zentliziyo.

Ngubani onikwa eli yeza kakhulu?

Oogqirha banika abantu abasengozini yokufumana ezi `Anticoagulants` ezi `Anticoagulants` ezi zifo ziyingozi zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Nazi ezinye zeemeko zempilo ezibabeka emngciphekweni:

I-Atrial Fibrillation: Oku kwenzeka xa amagumbi amabini aphezulu entliziyo (i-atria) enganciphisi kakuhle, kodwa endaweni yoko abetha ngokungacwangciswanga, ngokungathi ayangcangcazela. Xa oku kusenzeka, igazi aliphampi kakuhle, kwaye kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba amahlwili egazi akhiwe ngaphakathi kwala magumbi. Ukuba la mahlwili egazi ayaphuma entliziyweni aze aye engqondweni, anokubangela isifo sohlangothi.
Utyando lweValve yeNtliziyo: Xa iivalve zentliziyo zitshintshwa, ingakumbi ngevalve yomatshini, kukho umngcipheko wokuba igazi liqhekeke phezu komphezulu wevalve. Eli yeza libalulekile ukuthintela oku.
Ukutshintshwa Kwesinqe okanye Idolo: Emva kotyando olukhulu olufana nolu, kukho umngcipheko wokuba igazi liqhekeke kwimithambo enzulu yemilenze. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-'Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT).' I-Pulmonary Embolism yenzeka xa igazi liqhekeka emlenzeni liphuma lize lihlale emiphungeni.
Iingxaki Zokuqunjelwa Kwegazi: Abanye abantu banesifo sofuzo sokuqunjelwa kwegazi. Abantu abanjalo nabo bayalidinga eli yeza.

Iintlobo ze-anticoagulants kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-anticoagulants. Uhlobo ngalunye luphazamisana nenkqubo yokujiya kwegazi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili.

Amayeza Omlomo

1. I-Warfarin

Eli liyeza elidala elisebenza ngokuthintela amandla omzimba okusebenzisa i-vitamin K, i-vitamin ebalulekileyo ekuqiniseni igazi.

Eyona ngxaki inkulu nge-warfarin kukuba idosi yayo yahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu kwaye kufuneka ilawulwe ngokuchanekileyo.Ukuba idosi inyuswe kancinci, umngcipheko wokopha uyanda, kwaye ukuba inciphile, amahlwili egazi awathintelwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ke ngoko, abantu abathatha i-'Warfarin' kufuneka bahlolwe igazi rhoqo (`uvavanyo lwe-INR`) ukujonga ukuba idosi ichanekile na.

2. Amayeza anamhlanje (Anticoagulants zomlomo ngqo - iiDOAC)

La ngamayeza amatsha kakhulu. Amayeza afana ne-`Dabigatran`, `Rivaroxaban`, `Apixaban` akweli qela. Eyona nzuzo inkulu yala mayeza kukuba awadingi vavanyo lwegazi rhoqo njenge-`Warfarin`. Ajolise kwii-enzyme ezithile ezibandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokuqunjelwa kwegazi (umz. `Thrombin` okanye `Factor Xa`) kwaye ayayeka ukusebenza kwawo.

Amayeza ajovayo kunye namayeza okusebenzisa i-IV

I-Heparin kunye namayeza anxulumene nayo

Ezi zihlala zisetyenziswa ezibhedlele xa kufuneka iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo. I-`Heparin` isebenza ngokuvula iproteni yendalo (`Antithrombin`) emzimbeni wethu ethintela ukujiya kwegazi, kwaye iyeke inkqubo yokujiya kwegazi. I-`Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMWH)` yinguqulelo ephucukileyo yale, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa nasekhaya.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengozi?

Umngcipheko ophambili nolindelekileyo walo naliphi na i-anticoagulant kukopha . Oku kungenxa yokuba la mayeza alawula ukujiya kwegazi. Ke ngoko, nokuba yingozi encinci inokubangela ukopha okungaphezulu kancinci kunesiqhelo.

Nangona kunjalo, amanye amayeza anokuba nezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezichaphazela wona.

Uhlobo lweyeza

Iziphumo ezizodwa eziphawulekayo

I-Warfarin

I-Skin necrosis: Yimeko engaqhelekanga kodwa enzulu. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuqala iyeza, amahlwili egazi anokwenzakala eluswini aze abangele ukuba iindawo zesikhumba zife.

I-Purple toe syndrome: Ukutshintsha kombala omfusa obuhlungu kwiinzwane.

Ayifanelekanga ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Eli yeza alinikwa oomama abakhulelweyo kuba linokulimaza umntwana ongekazalwa.

I-Heparin

I-Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT): Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kodwa imbi kakhulu. Oku kwenzeka xa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela isebenza yi-heparin, ethi endaweni yokuthintela ukujiya kwegazi, ikhuthaze ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi amaninzi.

I-Osteoporosis: Kukho umngcipheko wokuncitshiswa kwamathambo xa uthatha i-heparin ixesha elide (iinyanga).

IiDOAC (amayeza anamhlanje)

Ukungakhululeki/ukungagayeki kwesisu: Abanye abantu banokuba neengxaki zesisu emva kokusebenzisa eli yeza.

Ukopha kwamathumbu: Nangona umngcipheko uphantsi kune-warfarin, la mayeza anokuba nomngcipheko wokopha kwamathumbu.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha? - Le yinto ekufuneka uyazi ngokuqinisekileyo!

Njengomntu osebenzisa eli yeza, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu. Kuba usenokungaqapheli nokuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi. Ngoko ke lumka kakhulu ngezi zinto zilandelayo.

Iimeko ezingxamisekileyo kunye neemeko apho kufuneka kufunwe ingcebiso yezonyango

Ukuba unale mpawu, thetha nogqirha wakho.

Ukuba ukopha kwiintsini, empumlweni, okanye kwinxeba elincinci kunzima ukuliyeka .

Ukuba ukrweleka lula kunesiqhelo, okanye ukuba ubona imikrwelo ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Ukuba uziva unesizungu, ubuthathaka, okanye udiniwe ngendlela engaqhelekanga.

Ukuba unale mpawu, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko!

Ukuba uyawa nangayiphi na indlela, ingakumbi ukuba ubetheke entloko ndaweni ithile, nokuba akukho gazi liphumayo ngaphandle, kunokubakho ukopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu.

Ukuba ufumene ingozi yemoto okanye ukuba utshayiswa yinto enzima waza waphuka kakhulu.

Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso okanye isisu esibuhlungu kakhulu .

Ukuhlanza igazi okanye ukukhohlela igazi (ukuhlanza kunokubonakala ngathi kukutya ikofu).

Igazi kumchamo (umchamo ujika ube mdaka, ube bomvu, okanye ube mdaka).

Igazi elikwisitulo (izihlalo ezibomvu okanye ezimnyama).

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuxelela ugqirha ngamnye kunye nogqirha wamazinyo onyangayo ukuba uthatha i-anticoagulant. Kubalulekile ukwazisa oku nangaphambi kokuba ukhuphe izinyo.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Iianticoagulants luhlobo lwamayeza asindisa ubomi akhuselayo kwiimeko ezinzulu ezifana nesifo sohlangothi kunye nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika la mayeza.

Qiniseka ukuba uthatha idosi emiselweyo, ngexesha elimiselweyo, njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelela. Musa ukulibazisa usuku olunye.

Ngenxa yokuba kukho umngcipheko wokopha ngelixa usebenzisa eli yeza, lumka kangangoko unako malunga nemisebenzi enokubangela ukuwa nokwenzakala, kunye nemidlalo eyingozi.

Ukuba kukho ukopha okungaqhelekanga, ukukrweleka, okanye ukwenzakala entloko, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa .

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale naliphi na elinye iyeza (kuquka neyeza lokuthomalalisa iintlungu), xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba usebenzisa amayeza okuthintela ukugabha kwegazi, njengoko amanye amayeza anokuchaphazela la mayeza.

Izinto ezithintela ukopha kwegazi, izinto ezinqanda igazi, izinto ezinciphisa igazi, iWarfarin, iHeparin, isifo sohlangothi, uhlaselo lwentliziyo

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Impilo yokuthintelaJulayi 16, 2026