Ngaba nawe unengxaki yokuqonda izandi? Masithethe nge-Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)!

Ngaba oku kuyenzeka kuwe ngamanye amaxesha? Umntu othile uthetha into ethile, kwaye ungayiva ngokucacileyo. Kodwa kuthatha ixesha ukuqonda kanye into ayithethileyo. Okanye, ngaba ukufumanisa kunzima ukuqonda umntu ethetha ngokucacileyo kwindawo enengxolo? Mhlawumbi oku akuyonto nje eyenzekileyo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enjalo, eyingxaki yokucubungula amazwi, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngesiNgesi `(Auditory Processing Disorder - APD)`.

Yintoni i-APD (ingxaki yokucubungula ukuva)?

Ngamafutshane, i-APD yimeko apho iindlebe zethu ziva izandi, kodwa kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba ezo zandi, ingakumbi amagama athethwayo, zifikelele engqondweni yethu kwaye zicutshungulwe . Cinga ngayo ngathi iindlebe zakho zifana neemakrofoni, zithatha zonke izandi. Kodwa kukho ukulibaziseka okuncinci okanye ubunzima ekufumaneni ezo zandi zithathwe kwikhompyutha engqondweni yakho, apho ithi, "Owu... yile nto ithethwayo."

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba umntu one-APD akanangxaki yokuva . Banokuva izandi ngokugqibeleleyo. Kodwa ingxaki ikwinkqubo yokuqonda oko bakuvayo engqondweni yabo. Kufana nonomathotholo osebenza kakuhle, isignali iyeza, kodwa isandi asicaci kuba kukho into engalunganga kwisithethi. Kwakhona, abantu abanale meko banokukhetha ukufunda kwizinto ezibonakalayo, oko kukuthi, kwizinto abazibonayo (abafundi ababonayo) .

I-APD idla ngokufunyaniswa ebuntwaneni . Nangona kunjalo, inokubakho nakubantu abadala. Akukho nyango lwayo, kodwa kukho unyango olufumanekayo kwiingcali ze-audiologists kunye nezinye iingcali ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu. Elinye igama lale meko yi-"Central Processing Disorder".

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-APD?

Ewe, i-APD ayichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili:

1. Ubunzima bokuqaphela amagama (ukuchonga amagama)

Okwenzekayo kukuba uva izandi, kodwa ingqondo yakho inengxaki yokuzitolika njengamagama. Umzekelo, xa umntu esithi "isitulo" kuwe, uyasiva isandi, kodwa kuthatha ixesha ukuba ingqondo yakho iqonde ukuba ligama elithi "isitulo," okanye iyabhideka. Oku kunokuba kubi nangakumbi xa uthetha ngokukhawuleza.

2. Ubunzima bokuva ngexesha lemisebenzi emininzi (Ukudibanisa)

Kolu hlobo, ukuba umamele into ethile ngelixa usenza enye into, kuba nzima kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukubhala amanqaku ngelixa umamele utitshala esikolweni kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kuba kunzima ngengqondo ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi ngaxeshanye, ukuludibanisa, nokuluqonda.

3. Ubunzima bokukhumbula ulwazi ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo (yeNtlangano)

Oku kuthetha ukuba kunokuba nzima ukukhumbula nokwenza ngokweenkcukacha ozivayo, ingakumbi ukuba zibekwe ngokulandelelana okuthile. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu ukuxelela ukuba "qala uvule ucango, uze uvule isibane, uze uvule ifeni," umyalelo unokuba ngumbuzo odidayo.

4. Ubunzima bokuqonda ithoni kunye nokuguquguquka kwelizwi (Prosodic)

Kwimeko enjalo, kuba nzima ukuqonda izinto ezifana nethoni yelizwi lomntu xa ethetha, indlela ilizwi lakhe eliphakama nelihla ngayo, apho kukho ukuphumla, kunye nalapho axinezelekileyo khona. Umzekelo, xa umntu ebuza umbuzo, usenokungakwazi ukuqonda isandi selizwi lakhe. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuqonda ukuba ngumbuzo okanye yintetho nje. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokuba nzima ukuqonda ihlaya.

Usenokuba nolunye lwezi ntlobo, okanye usenokuba nendibaniselwano yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-APD?

Iimpawu ze-APD zingahluka kumntu nomntu, kodwa nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Ubunzima bokulandela imiyalelo yomlomo: Ubunzima bokulandela imiyalelo ngokulandelelana, ingakumbi xa unikwe imiyalelo emininzi ngaxeshanye.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha incoko ende okanye ukuba neencoko kwiindawo ezinengxolo: Njengoko ingxolo ejikeleze wena isanda, kuba nzima ukuqonda into ethethwa ngumntu.
• Ubunzima bokufunda, ukupela, nokubhala ngokubanzi: kuba zonke ezi zinto zifuna ubuchule bokuqonda ulwimi ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ubunzima bokuphendula ngoko nangoko xa uthetha: Kuthatha ixesha ukucinga, ukuqonda, nokuphendula.
• Ubunzima bokwahlula phakathi kwamagama avakala ngendlela efanayo: Umzekelo, amagama afana no-"look" kunye no-"dog" anokudideka.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda xa uthetha ngokukhawuleza: Ubunzima bokukwazi ukubamba amagama.
• Ukuba novelwano kakhulu kwizandi ezithile: Abanye abantu banokuvakalelwa kukuba nezandi ezincinci ziphezulu kakhulu.
• Ukonwabela umculo, kunzima ukuhambisana nesingqisho.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda xa uthetha ngefowuni.
• Basoloko bebuza izinto ezinje ngokuthi "Utheni?" "Yitsho kwakhona loo nto."

Khumbula, ukuba nenye okanye ezimbini kwezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba une-APD. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Zithini izizathu ze-APD?

Kunzima ukukhomba unobangela omnye we-APD, kodwa kukho izinto ezininzi eziye zachongwa ezinokubangela oku:

• Iingxaki zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi: I-APD inokwenzeka kwiimeko ezifana ne-`(Stroke)` (paralysis), `(Epilepsy)` (epilepsy), `(Multiple Sclerosis - MS)`, okanye `(Alzheimer's disease)`.
• Usulelo lwendlebe oluqhelekileyo:Ukuba usulelo lwendlebe luvela rhoqo, ingakumbi ebuntwaneni, lunokuchaphazela indlela yokuva kwaye lubangele i-APD kamva ebomini.
• I-genetics: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onayo le meko, kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba nawe uza kuba nayo.
• Ukulimala entloko: Ukonakala kwengqondo kunokuphazamisa inkqubo yokucubungula isandi.
• Ukuzalwa komntwana kuncinci okanye ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha: Kukwakho nomngcipheko we-APD kwezi meko.
• Iimeko ze-Neurodivergent: Umzekelo, i-APD inokudibana neemeko ezifana ne-"ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)`` okanye `Autism Spectrum Disorder``.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-APD?

Ngenxa yokuba umntu one-APD kunzima ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu, oku kunokuchaphazela nempilo yakhe yengqondo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Izinto ezinje ngokuba neentloni, ukoyika ukwahlukaniswa noluntu, kunye nokungazithembi zinokwenzeka. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokuxhalaba kunye nokudakumba . Ke ngoko, ukuba uvakalelwa ngolu hlobo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha wakho okanye umntu omthandayo ngayo.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-APD?

Ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unayo i-APD, ugqirha kuya kufuneka enze uvavanyo oluninzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba iimpawu ze-APD zinokufana nezezinye iimeko.

• Uvavanyo lokucubungula isandi: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Kule meko, amandla engqondo yakho okuqonda nokucubungula isandi alinganiswa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo.
• Uvavanyo lokuva: Okokuqala, bajonga iingxaki zokuva. Ukuva kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwi-APD.
• Uvavanyo lolwimi: Jonga naziphi na ezinye iziphene ekuqondeni okanye ekuchazeni ulwimi.
• Uvavanyo lwengqondo: Olu vavanyo lunceda ekufumaneni ezinye iimeko ezifana ne-ADHD.

Olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa yingcali ye-audiologist , engoochwephesha kweli candelo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-APD?

Nangona kungekho unyango olupheleleyo lwe-APD, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye neendlela zokulawula ezinokunceda ukulawula iimpawu nokwenza ubomi bemihla ngemihla bube lula.

• Ukwenza utshintsho kwindalo esingqongileyo:
• Umzekelo, eklasini, ukuhlala kwisihlalo esingaphambili kukunceda uve ngokucacileyo oko utitshala akutshoyo.
• Ukusebenzisa indawo ezolileyo nengenangxolo ingako yokufunda nokuncokola.
• Xa usithi into ebalulekileyo, ukujonga ubuso bomntu othethayo kuyanceda ukuqonda.

• Unyango olukhethekileyo lokuthetha nokuva:
• Kule meko, kwenziwa imithambo eyahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi yokuphuhlisa izakhono zokuva.
• Umzekelo, baqeqeshwe ukwahlula phakathi kwezandi ezahlukeneyo, ukuchonga icala lesandi, nokuphucula inkumbulo yabo. Le yimisebenzi ye-`(Speech-language pathologists - SLPs)` kunye ne-`(Audiologists)`.

• Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga okujamelana neengxaki:
• Ukuba yinto efana nentetho ebalulekileyo, ungasebenzisa isixhobo sokurekhoda uze usiphulaphule kwakhona kamva.
• Xa unika imiyalelo, ungayicela ukuba ibe mfutshane, icace, kwaye inikwe nganye nganye .
• Ukuba awuqondi, ungoyiki ukubuza kwakhona .
• Sebenzisa izixhobo ezibonakalayo kangangoko unako.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-APD, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza . Kukho ezinye iimeko ezinokuba neempawu ezifanayo neze-APD. Ukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo kubalulekile ukuze ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo. Akukho nto yokoyika okanye yokuhlazeka.

Ngubani onyanga i-APD?

Unyango lwe-APD lungadinga uncedo lwababoneleli beenkonzo zonyango ezahlukeneyo, kuquka:

• Iingcali ze-Audiologists: Zidlala indima ephambili ekuxilongeni i-APD nasekuboneleleni ngoqeqesho lokuva.
• Iingcali ze-Otolaryngologists (ENTs): Banokujonga ezinye iingxaki zendlebe baze banike unyango olufunekayo.
• Iingcali zengqondo: Zinokubonelela ngengcebiso kunye nonyango lokudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba okubangelwa yi-APD.
• Iingcali zezifo zolwimi lokuthetha (SLPs): Zinyanga iingxaki zolwimi, ezinje ngobunzima bokuqonda amagama, kwaye zinceda ukuphucula izakhono zonxibelelwano.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ukuba ndine-APD?

I-APD ichaphazela wonke umntu ngokwahlukileyo , ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqonda kuqala indlela i-APD ekuchaphazela ngayo.

Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala ngokufanayo banokuzuza kunyango lwe-APD ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zabo. Ingakumbi abantwana, banokubona ukuphucuka kweempawu zabo njengoko bekhula . Ezi zakhono zinokuphucuka njengoko iingqondo zabo zikhula. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso, akukho nto ithintela umntu one-APD ukuba aphile ubomi obuphumelelayo nobonwabisayo.

Ngaba i-APD luhlobo lwe-autism?

Hayi, i-APD ayiyonxalenye ye-"Autism Spectrum Disorder".Ezi ziimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha zombini ezi meko zinokwenzeka kumntu omnye. Umzekelo, umntwana one-autism unokuba neengxaki zokunxibelelana, nto leyo enokwenza iimpawu ze-APD zibe zimbi ngakumbi.

Kumntu one-APD, ukuthetha nokunxibelelana nabanye abantu ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yinto edinisayo, okanye ide ibangele iintloni. Kuba ingqondo yakho kufuneka isebenze nzima kunabanye ukuze iqonde amazwi owavayo. Kuthatha amandla amaninzi engqondo. Ukuba ukhe wadibana nento efana nale, thetha nogqirha ngayo. Banokukunika inkxaso oyifunayo kunye nesikhokelo osidingayo ukuze uphile ngempumelelo nale meko.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

• I-APD ayisiyongxaki yokuva, kodwa bubuthathaka kubuchule bengqondo bokuqonda (ukucubungula) oko kuviwayo .
• Oku kunokwenzeka ebuntwaneni nasebudaleni .
• Iimpawu ziyahluka kumntu nomntu. Ubunzima bokuqonda okuthethwayo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinengxolo, yeyona ngxaki iphambili .
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza uxilongo oluchanekileyo .
• Kukho unyango . Uqeqesho lokuva, ukutshintsha imeko-bume, kunye nokutshintsha indlela owenza ngayo izinto kunokukunceda kakhulu.
• Musa ukoyika ukuba ufumanisa ukuba une-APD. Ngoncedo olufanelekileyo kunye nesikhokelo, ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
• Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unezinye zezi mpawu, funa ingcebiso kagqirha .

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ulufumene luluncedo. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngalo mba, sazise. Hlala usempilweni!

Ingxaki Yokusebenza Kweendlebe , i-APD, ukuva, ubuchopho, unxibelelwano, izifo zabantwana, unyango lokuthetha