Ingaba umntwana wakho akathandi ukuthetha? Kusenokuba kungenxa ye: Ubunzima bokuthetha ebuntwaneni (CAS)

Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci ufika kade ekuthetheni? Okanye kubonakala ngathi oko akuthethayo akucaci? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uthetha amagama afanayo elinye emva kwelinye? Kuqhelekile ukuba wena njengomzali uzive ukhathazekile kancinci xa ubona izinto ezinje. Kodwa unobangela wako konke oku usenokuba yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) . Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje.

Yintoni le nto kuthiwa yi-apraxia of speech (CAS)? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, i-childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) sisifo sokuthetha esibangela ukuba kube nzima kumntwana ukuthetha. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ingxaki ngeendlela zemithambo-luvo ezithumela imiyalezo esuka kwingqondo yomntwana iye emlonyeni. Cinga ngako, xa senza umlomo ukuze sithethe igama, ingqondo yethu inika imiyalelo kwimisipha ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangendlela efanelekileyo, akunjalo? Kukho ingxaki encinci kuloo nkqubo kwaba bantwana. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana unengxaki yokushukumisa izihlunu zomlomo ngendlela ekufuneka athethe ngayo ngokucacileyo nangendlela echanekileyo.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-CAS ayisiyongxaki yokuqonda. Umntwana uyazi into afuna ukuyithetha. Ingxaki kukuba ingqondo iyalela njani izihlunu zomlomo ukuba zitsho loo mazwi.

Le meko inamagama amaninzi:

• Uphuhliso lwe-Apraxia yeNtetho
• I-Dyspraxia yoPhuhliso lweNtetho

Kuthiwa akukho nyango lupheleleyo lwale meko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imeko iqatshelwa kwangethuba kwaye kubonelelwa ngonyango olukhethekileyo lokuthetha , abantwana abaninzi banokwenza inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo baze bafunde ukuthetha ngokucacileyo.

Ngaba unokuzibona iimpawu zoku usemncinci? (Iimpawu zokuqala)

Ewe, ukuba ubona iimpawu zokuqala, ungazibuza ukuba umntwana wakho unalo na olu hlobo lokuphazamiseka kokuthetha. Umntwana omncinci ongaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala angabonisa iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukungenzi izandi zokubhibhidla okanye zokukhalisa, okanye ukwenza izandi ezilinganiselweyo kakhulu. Basenokungenzi zandi zininzi njengabanye abantwana.
• Kunzima ukuthetha izandi ezahlukeneyo kunye.
• Ukuthetha amazwi abo okuqala emva kwabanye abantwana.
• Ukubizwa kwegama elifanayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo xa liphindaphindwa. Umzekelo, igama elithi "mama" lingabizwa ngokuthi "mama" ngelinye ixesha kwaye elithi "tata" ngelinye ixesha.
• Kukho izikhewu ezinkulu (ukuphumla) phakathi kwezandi. Kufana nokuba uza kuthetha ilizwi, uze ngequbuliso uyeke uqale kwakhona.
• Kusetyenziswa isandi esincinci kakhulu.
• Abanye abantwana banokuba neengxaki zokutya , ngenxa yobuthathaka obuncinci ekuhambelaneni kwemisipha emlonyeni.

Ziziphi ezinye iimpawu zoku?

Iimpawu ze-apraxia yobuntwana zingahluka ukusuka kumntwana ukuya komnye. Ngokwesiqhelo, abantwana abane-CAS banokuluqonda ulwimi, kodwa banobunzima bokuthetha nokunxibelelana. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ndizame amaxesha amaninzi ngaphambi kokuba ndithethe igama ngokuchanekileyo.
• Ubunzima bokulungelelanisa iintshukumo bufuneka ukuze kusuke kwelinye isilabhili yegama uye kwelinye. Umzekelo, xa uzama ukubiza igama elithi "ibhanana," liphuma lisithi "ibhanana."
• Ukujika izandi okanye ukucima izandi.
• Kusenokubakho iimpazamo kwithoni, uxinezeleko, okanye isingqisho kwindlela othetha ngayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba incoko isenokubonakala ingaqhelekanga kwaye ingenazo iimvakalelo.
• Ukwenza iimpazamo ezingahambelaniyo kwintetho. Nokuba igama elinye lithethwe ngendlela engafanelekanga, impazamo ayisoloko isenzeka ngendlela efanayo.

Umntwana oneminyaka engaphezu kwemi-3 ubudala unokubona ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Kunzima kumntu ongamaziyo umntwana ukuqonda into ayithethayo.
• Igama lithethwa ngokuphuthaphutha amagama izihlandlo ezininzi, ngokungathi likhangela amagama.
• Indlela yokuthetha ayiguquguquki okanye inzima.
• Ubunzima bokubiza amagama amade ngokucacileyo.
• Kunzima nangakumbi ukuthetha xa ukhathazekile.
• Ubunzima bokulinganisa oko kuthethwa ngabanye abantu.

Khawucinge nje, umhlobo wakho unentombi, egama linguNimali. Uneminyaka emine ubudala. Xa uNimali ethetha, ngamanye amaxesha uthi "itshokolethi" aze athi "tokalet" okanye "chokat". Usebenzisa nomlomo wakhe ukuziqhelanisa kancinci ngaphambi kokuba athethe. Ngamanye amaxesha ngumama wakhe kuphela oqondayo into ayithethayo. Ezi zinto zinokuba ziimpawu ze-CAS.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu? (Izizathu)

Abaphandi abakayazi eyona nto ibangela ukuba intetho ingabi mnandi ebuntwaneni. Abantwana abane-CAS baneengxaki zeendlela ezithile zemithambo-luvo ebuchotsheni babo. Ezi ndlela zemithambo-luvo zinoxanduva lokucwangcisa iintshukumo ezifunekayo ukuze bathethe. Ngoko ke, imiyalezo esuka ebuchotsheni iye kwiindawo zomlomo ezisetyenziselwa ukuthetha ayithunyelwanga ngokufanelekileyo.

Kwezinye iimeko, i-CAS ibangelwa kukwenzakala kwengqondo okufunyenweyo . Umzekelo, istroke inokuphazamisa indlela yemithambo-luvo engqondweni. Kukwakho nobungqina bokuba izinto zemfuza zinokudlala indima. Izazinzulu zichonge ii-genes ezingaphezu kwama-20 ezinxulumene nesi sifo.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto?

Indlela yokuqaphela i-apraxia yobuntwana yokuthethaIngcali Yezifo Zolwimi Lwentetho (SLP) - La ma-SLP ngabantu abanoqeqesho olukhethekileyo kunye nezakhono zokunyanga iingxaki zokuthetha.

Ukuze kufunyaniswe i-CAS, i-SLP iya kuthatha imbali yomntwana wakho, kuquka naziphi na iingxaki zonyango ezaziwayo. I-SLP inokuvavanya nokuva komntwana wakho, izakhono zakhe zomlomo , isandi sokuthetha , kunye nendlela azibiza ngayo izandi .

I-SLP ivavanya ubuchule bokuthetha bomntwana ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Ukujonga ubuthathaka bemisipha yomlomo.
• Sijonga indlela umntwana enza ngayo izandi zezikhamiso kunye nezandi zezandi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
• Izakhono zomlomo ezingathethiyo ziyavavanywa xa ungathethi. Umzekelo, izinto ezifana nokuvuthela, ukuncuma, ukugoba imilebe, kunye nokuba ungawushukumisa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani umlomo wakho.
• Sibona indlela abanye abanokuyiqonda ngayo into ethethwa ngumntwana.
• Jonga indlela umntwana anqumama ngayo okanye atshintsha ngayo isandi selizwi lakhe ngelixa ethetha.

Ngamanye amaxesha uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokumisela ukuba uhlobo oluthile lwemfuza lubangela esi sifo. Oku kuquka ukuba ugqirha athathe isampuli yegazi lomntwana aze ajonge naziphi na iingxaki kwimfuza.

Zithini iindlela zokunyanga oku? (Unyango)

Xa kunyangwa i-CAS, ingafuna ingqalelo engakumbi kunye nonyango oluqatha kunezinye iingxaki zesandi sentetho. Abanye abantwana banokufuna ukubona ingcali yentetho kunye nolwimi (SLP) kathathu ukuya kahlanu ngeveki ukuze baphucule izakhono zabo zokuthetha.

Ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu eziqatha ze-CAS, usenokufuna unyango kangangeminyaka eliqela , ingakumbi ukuba uphoswa ziinkalo ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso lolwimi ebuntwaneni.

Nazi iindlela zonyango zokuthintela intetho ebuntwaneni:

• Unyango lokuthetha lunikezelwa kumntwana, lugxile kwiisilabhili, amagama, kunye namabinzana ngesantya sakhe, ngokweemfuno zakhe.
• Ukufunda ezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano, ezinje ngokusebenzisa ulwimi lwezandla okanye izixhobo zonxibelelwano ze-elektroniki.
• Ngaphandle konyango lokuthetha, uqheliselo lolwimi oluphindaphindwayo lwenziwa ekhaya.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Kwimeko enjalo, bonana nogqirha womntwana wakho uze ucele isalathiso kwingcali yentetho nolwimi (SLP):

• Ukuba ubona iimpawu okanye iimpawu ze-apraxia.
• Ukuba umntwana uphoswa ziinkalo ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso lolwimi. Umzekelo, ukuba ufike emva kwexesha ekuthetheni amagama akhe okuqala okanye ekubizeni izinto eziqhelekileyo.
• Ukuba umntwana ubonakalisa ukuphoxeka kunxibelelwano xa umntu engayiqondi into ayithethayo.

Kwakhona, ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokutya kwaye unengxaki yokulungelelanisa iintshukumo zomlomo wakhe kunye nokuthetha, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela oku? (Ukuthintela)

Akukho ndlela ithile yokuthintela i-apraxia yokuthetha ebuntwaneni. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko ze-CAS zinxulunyaniswa nokwahluka kwezakhi zofuzo. Ngoko ke, ukuba uceba ukukhulelwa, ungabuza ugqirha wakho malunga neengcebiso zezakhi zofuzo ukuze uvavanye umngcipheko wokuba nomntwana onemeko yezakhi zofuzo.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umntwana wam unale meko? (Ingqikelelo)

Njengoko umntwana ekhula, usenokuphoswa zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi, njengokuthetha amagama akhe okuqala nokusebenzisa izivakalisi ezimfutshane ukuziveza. Oku kulibaziseka kokukhula kunokuthintela umntwana ekufundeni kwigumbi lokufundela kwinqanaba elifanayo nabanye abantwana abaneminyaka yakhe.

Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Umntwana wakho uza kusebenza nengcali yentetho nolwimi (SLP). Uza kugxila kwiimpawu ezithile zomntwana wakho aze enze isicwangciso sokuphucula intetho yakhe ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ngaba i-apraxia yobuntwana iyaphela?

Nangona kungekho nyango lupheleleyo loku, unyango lwasekuqaleni lunokunciphisa ukukhungatheka okubangelwa kukuthetha komntwana kodwa engakwazi ukudlulisela loo myalezo.

Nangona zininzi izinto ezinegalelo koku, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabantwana abanale ngxaki bayakwazi ukuthetha ngendlela eqhelekileyo.

Singabanceda njani njengabazali abantwana bethu?

Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenzela umntwana wakho njengoko ekhula kukumnceda. Umntwana wakho usenokuba neeseshoni zomntu ngamnye kunye nogqirha wengqondo yolwimi (SLP). I-SLP yomntwana wakho inokukunika "umsebenzi wasekhaya" wokuziqhelanisa ekhaya phakathi kweeseshoni. Njengomsebenzi wasekhaya wezibalo esikolweni, kubalulekile ukunceda umntwana wakho agqibezele imithambo yakhe yokuthetha ngendlela efanayo.

Hlala unxibelelana rhoqo ne-SLP yomntwana wakho ukuze ujonge ukuba umntwana wakho uqhuba kakuhle kangakanani kwaye umkhuthaze ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Khawucinge nje, ubungayi kuziva ukhathazekile na ukuba ubungakhumbuli igama lomntu odibene naye amaxesha amaninzi? Ukuba umntwana wakho une-apraxia, kunokuba buhlungu ngokufanayo xa esazi igama lomntu kodwa engakwazi ukulibiza ngokuchanekileyo. Unyango lomntwana wakho lonyango lokuthetha luya kuba lolwexesha elide. Luya kumnceda ukuba anxibelelane, kwaye iimpawu zakhe ziya kuphucuka kakhulu. Qhubeka uxhasa kwaye ukhuthaza umntwana wakho njengoko efikelela kwinqanaba elitsha lonxibelelwano.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ukuze ukwazi ukukhumbula ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwizinto esithethe ngazo.

• Ingxaki yokungakwazi ukuthetha ebuntwaneni (i-CAS) yingxaki encinci ngemiyalezo ethunyelwa isuka engqondweni iye emlonyeni, ayingongxaki ngengqondo yomntwana.
• Nangona kungekho nyango lupheleleyo loku, unyango lokuthetha lunokuyiphucula kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyiqonda kwangethuba kwaye uqale unyango.
• Ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga, ebambezelekileyo, okanye engacacanga kwindlela umntwana wakho athetha ngayo, musa ukuba neentloni okanye ukoyika ukubona ugqirha uze umthumele kwingcali yokuthetha (Speech therapist).
• Inkxaso yabazali, inkuthazo kunye nomonde zibaluleke kakhulu kwaba bantwana. Yenza imithambo enikwa yingcali yezonyango ekhaya, thetha nomntwana, kwaye umphulaphule.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu, nceda ucele ingcebiso kugqirha.

Ukungakwazi ukuthetha ebuntwaneni , i-CAS, ukungakwazi ukuthetha, iingxaki zokuthetha ebuntwaneni, ubunzima bokuthetha, unyango lokuthetha, i-SLP