Uyakhumbula xa waya kugqirha waza wabeka loo stethoscope ibandayo esifubeni nasemqolo wakho waza wamamela ngononophelo? Sonke siye safumana la mava. Awuzange uzibuze na, "Ugqirha uva ntoni ngokwenene kule nto?" Impendulo yalo mbuzo luvavanyo lwezonyango esithetha ngalo namhlanje olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Auscultation.' Ungakhathazeki, kulula kakhulu, akukho ntlungu, kodwa yinto ebalulekileyo ekuxelela okuninzi ngempilo yakho.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-auscultation?
I-Auscultation (ebizwa ngokuba yi-"o-skul-ta-tion") yinkqubo elula kakhulu. Ibandakanya ukusebenzisa i-stethoscope ukumamela izandi ezivela kwizitho zakho zangaphakathi, njengentliziyo yakho , imiphunga, imithambo yegazi, kunye namathumbu . Ugqirha uza kubeka i-stethoscope esifubeni sakho, entanyeni, emqolo, nasesiswini aze ajonge izinto ezifana nohlobo, isantya, ivolumu, kunye nesingqisho sezi zandi.
Olu luvavanyo olungenabungozi kwaphela, olukhuselekileyo kakhulu. Lukwalolunye lolona vavanyo ludala nolusisiseko olusasetyenziswa ngoogqirha namhlanje.
Luqhutywa nini uvavanyo lwe-auscultation?
Xa usiya kuhlolwa umzimba rhoqo, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza olu vavanyo. Lukunika umbono ocacileyo wendlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi , inkqubo yokuphefumla , kunye nenkqubo yesisu .
Oku kuthetha ukuba olu vavanyo lulula luluncedo kakhulu ekuqondeni imeko yakho yempilo iyonke, kunye nokuqinisekisa okanye ukuthintela nayiphi na imeko yezempilo ekrokrelwayo.
Ziziphi iindlela eziphambili zokusebenzisa i-auscultation?
Olu vavanyo lunokwahlulwa lube ngamacandelo aliqela, kuxhomekeke kwilungu elimameleyo ugqirha. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.
| Ilungu lokuhlola | Indlela yokwenza oko kunye noko kufuneka ukujonge |
|---|---|
| Intliziyo | Uza kuhlala phantsi okanye ulale phantsi kwi-engile engama-45 degrees, kwaye i-stethoscope iza kubekwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo esifubeni sakho. Apha, ugqirha uza kumamela ngokukodwa iindawo ezi-5 apho iivalvu zentliziyo zivakala khona ngokucacileyo. Baza kujonga ixesha lokubetha kwentliziyo yakho., ukucaca kwesandi (Ubunzulu) , ukuphakama nokuhla kwesandi (Ukuphindaphinda/Ukuphakama) , kunye nokuba isingqi esinye sihlala ixesha elingakanani (Ubude). |
| Imiphunga | Uza kucelwa ukuba uhlale uthe nkqo uze uphefumle nzulu ngomlomo wakho. Emva koko, i-stethoscope iza kubekwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesifuba sakho nomqolo ukuze kuthelekiswe izandi ezivela emiphungeni yakho kumacala omabini. Oku kuza kujonga ixesha lokuphefumla kwakho kunye nokuphefumla kwakho, umgangatho wesandi, kunye nazo naziphi na izandi ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nokubetha umlozi. |
| Imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi) | Imithambo yegazi ephambili entanyeni, esiswini, nasezintsoni nayo ingaphulaphulwa. Apha, isandi esingaqhelekanga esibizwa ngokuba yi-bruit (isandi 'esinomsindo' esingaqhelekanga esenziwa xa igazi lihamba ngemithambo yegazi) kunye nesantya sentliziyo esibuthathaka (ubukhali) ziyajongwa. Ezi zinokunceda ekufumaneni naziphi na izithintelo ekuhambeni kwegazi. |
| Isisu | Uza kulaliswa phantsi kwaye i-stethoscope iza kubekwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesisu sakho ukuze umamele isandi esivela emathunjini akho. Oku kuza kujonga ukuba uyaziva na isandi esivela emathunjini akho (Ubukho) , ukuba uziva kangaphi (Ubungakanani) , kunye nomgangatho wesandi. |
Zithetha ukuthini ezi zandi?
Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba ezi zandi ziqhelekileyo nezingaqhelekanga zithini ngempilo yakho.
Izandi Zentliziyo
Ngokwesiqhelo, intliziyo ephilileyo ivelisa izandi ezibini ezinesingqisho ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"lub-dub". Ezi zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-S1 kunye ne-S2. Ezi zandi ziveliswa xa iivalvu zentliziyo zivala.
Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha unokuva izandi ezahlukeneyo nezingaqhelekanga. Kodwa khumbula, ayizizo zonke izandi ezingaqhelekanga eziluphawu lwesifo esinzulu.
| Ingxolo engaqhelekanga | Oko kunokuthetha ukuthini |
|---|---|
| Ukumbombozela Kwentliziyo | Esi sisandi "sokushukuma", esifana nomoya. Sinokubangelwa kukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwegazi kwiivalvu zentliziyo. Nangona ezinye iingxolo zingenabungozi, ezinye zinokuba luphawu lwesifo sentliziyo esinzulu. |
| Ukuhlikihla kwe-Pericardial friction | Isandi esincinci nesirhabaxa, ngokungathi iziqwenga ezibini zesikhumba ziyakhuhlana. Oku kunokubangelwa kukudumba kwengxowa ejikeleze intliziyo (pericarditis). |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga | Iimeko ezifana nesingqisho sentliziyo esingahambelaniyo (i-atrial fibrillation), ngokukhawuleza kakhulu (i-tachycardia - ngaphezulu kwe-100 beats ngomzuzu), okanye kancinci kakhulu (i-bradycardia - ngaphantsi kwe-60 beats ngomzuzu). |
Izandi zeMiphunga
Imiphunga ephilileyo ivelisa isandi esithambileyo nesingenanto xa uphefumla. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha unokuva isandi esahlukileyo.
| Ingxolo engaqhelekanga | Oko kunokuthetha ukuthini |
|---|---|
| Phefumla | Ivakala ngathi yingxolo evakala kancinci. Esi sandi senziwa xa iindlela zomoya zincitshiswa yinto efana ne-mucus. Sivakala rhoqo kwiimeko ezifana ne-asthma okanye i-COPD. |
| I-Rhonchi | Isandi esirhabaxa nesirhawuzelayo. Sinokubangelwa yi-mucus okanye ezinye izinto ezinamathelayo kwimibhobho yomoya. Sinokuba luphawu lwesifo esifana ne-pneumonia. |
| Iikrakhrakhi | Isandi esithi "chit chit", esifana neentambo ezimbini zeenwele ezixutywayo. Esi sandi sibangelwa lulwelo oluqokelelana emiphungeni (i-pneumonia, ukusilela kwentliziyo). |
| IStridor | Isandi esivakalayo nesivakalayo xa uphefumla. Sibangelwa kukuvaleka komqala okanye indlela yomoya ephezulu. Oku kungaba yingxamiseko . |
Izandi Zesisu
Ngokwesiqhelo, amathumbu ethu enza isandi esithambileyo, "esiqhumayo" rhoqo emva kwemizuzwana emi-5 ukuya kweli-10. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yokwetyisa isebenza kakuhle.
- Akukho sandi: Ukuba akukho sandi sivakalayo kangangemizuzu engaphezu kwemibini, oko kungaba luphawu lwesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-ileus.
- Ukwehla kwesandi: Ukuba isandi sivakala kancinci okanye isandi sithambile kakhulu, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yemeko efana nokuqhina kwesisu.
- Ukwanda kwengxolo: Ukuba uva ingxolo engaphezulu kunesiqhelo, oko kungaba luphawu lwemeko efana norhudo.
- Izandi zokubhonga okanye ezivakala phezulu: Ukuba uva isandi esingaqhelekanga okanye esivakala phantsi siphuma emathunjini akho, oko kungaba luphawu lokuvaleka kwamathumbu.
Ngaba kukho iindawo apho oogqirha baphulaphula khona ngokukodwa?
Ewe, ewe ikhona.
Kukho indawo ekhethekileyo emqolo wakho ongasentla, phakathi kweeblade zamagxa akho, ebizwa ngokuba yi "triangle of auscultation." Umaleko wemisipha kule ndawo ubhityile, ngoko ke izandi ezivela emiphungeni zinokuviwa ngokucacileyo.
Kwakhona, xa umamele intliziyo, kukho iindawo ezi-5 ezithile esifubeni apho izandi zeevalvu zentliziyo zivakala khona kakhulu. Ugqirha ngokuqinisekileyo uza kubeka i-stethoscope kwezi ndawo aze azihlole.
Ngaphandle kokuba ungazi, umzimba wakho uhlala usenza izandi ezahlukeneyo. Kufana neqela lomculo. I-Auscultation lithuba lokuba ugqirha abuze ukuba kukho naziphi na izixhobo zomculo kweli qela ezidlala ngesitshixo esingalunganga.
Ngoko ke kwixesha elizayo xa ugqirha wakho efaka i-stethoscope yakhe aze amamele, ungoyiki. Ingatyhila ulwazi oluninzi oluxabisekileyo malunga nempilo yakho. Ukuba uve into engaqhelekanga, ungaze unqikaze ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Auscultation yinkqubo yokumamela izandi ezivela entliziyweni yakho, emiphungeni, nasemathunjini usebenzisa i-stethoscope. Olu luvavanyo olulula kakhulu, olukhuselekileyo, nolungenabuhlungu.
- Olu luvavanyo olusisiseko oluqhutywa ngokuqinisekileyo ngexesha lovavanyo lwezonyango oluqhelekileyo.
- Nangona ezi zandi zingaqhelekanga zinokunika izikhokelo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango, ayizizo zonke izandi ezingaqhelekanga eziluphawu lwesifo esinzulu.
- Esi sisixhobo esinye nje esisetyenziswa ngugqirha. Ukuba kukho amathandabuzo, baya kwenza olunye uvavanyo ukuze bafumane isifo ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ungaze woyike ukubuza imibuzo malunga noko ugqirha wakho akuvileyo kunye nentsingiselo yako. Lilungelo lakho ukwaziswa ngempilo yakho.
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