Xa umzimba wakho uhlasela ingqondo yakho? (I-Autoimmune Encephalitis) Masifunde ngayo.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wakho, inkqubo yokuzikhusela , iqala ukusebenza nxamnye nengqondo yakho? Kuvakala ngathi kuyoyikisa kancinci, akunjalo? Leyo yimeko esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Autoimmune Encephalitis (AE). Ngamafutshane, kwenzeka ntoni xa inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela, esebenza njengomlindi emzimbeni wethu, ihlasela ngempazamo iiseli ezisempilweni engqondweni yethu kunye nezinto ezithwala imiyalezo phakathi kwazo. Kufana nonogada wendlu yethu ocinga ukuba sisela aze asihlasele.

Ngoko ke yintoni le encephalitis ye-autoimmune?

Kulungile, masichaze kancinci. I-Autoimmune Encephalitis (AE) ayisosifo sinye, liqela lezifo. Kwizi zifo nganye, kukho ukudumba , okanye ukudumba, ngaphakathi kwengqondo yakho. Oku kungenxa yokuba, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, inkqubo yakho yomzimba ihlasela ngempazamo iiproteni ezithile kunye nee-neurotransmitters kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo ezisempilweni zengqondo yakho. Cinga ngayo, ingqondo yethu ifana nenkqubo yekhompyutha entsonkothileyo. Ezi seli zemithambo-luvo kunye nee-neurotransmitters zifana neengcingo kunye nemiqondiso kuyo. Ngoko ke, xa inkqubo yomzimba yomzimba iyihlasela, yonke inkqubo iyaphela. Yiyo loo nto iimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukuxhuzula, kunye nengqondo zisenzeka.

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Sizibona njani?

Ngenxa yokuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-autoimmune encephalitis, iimpawu zingahluka kakhulu. Kwakhona, ezi mpawu azibonakali ngequbuliso. Zikhula kancinci kancinci kangangeeveki ukuya kwiinyanga. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unazo ezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Nazi ezinye zezinto onokuzifumana:

• Ukuziva ngathi amandla akho okuqonda ayancipha kancinci kancinci. Kufana nokuba ingqondo yakho iyehla kancinci.
• Iingxaki zenkumbulo. Kuba nzima ukukhumbula izinto ezintsha, kwaye usenokude ulibale nezinto ezindala.
• Ukudideka. Awukwazi ukuqonda ukuba ukuphi okanye wenza ntoni.
• Ukuxhuzula. Ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukulawula oku ngamayeza aqhelekileyo okuxhuzula.
• Iintshukumo ezingaqhelekanga. Umzekelo, iintshukumo zomlomo nobuso eziphindaphindwayo, ukushukuma kwemisipha, kunye nokusabela kokwethuka nokuba yinto encinci (`impendulo yokothuka egqithisileyo`).
• Ubunzima bokuthetha (i-aphasia). Ubunzima bokwenza amagama nokuveza izimvo.
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi (i-ataxia) okanye iingxaki zokulungelelanisa xa uhamba. Ungahamba njengomntu onxilileyo.
• Izifo zengqondo (`Ingqondo`).Oku kungabandakanya ukubona, ukuva, kunye nokuva izinto ezingezizo zokwenyani (imibono). Kungakhokelela kwiingcamango eziphosakeleyo kunye ne-paranoia, eziziinkolelo zobuxoki zokuba abanye abantu bazama ukukulimaza.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, akuthethi ukuba une-Autoimmune Encephalitis. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ofanelekileyo ngoko nangoko uze uhlolwe.

Zeziphi ezinye iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

I-autoimmune encephalitis inokubangela iingxaki ukuba ayinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuqaphela isifo kwaye uqale unyango ngokukhawuleza.

• Ukuphazamiseka okungapheliyo kwamandla okucinga ('Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo').
• Iimeko zokuxhuzula ezinde (`status epilepticus`).
• I-Coma.
• Nokuba ukufa kunokwenzeka. Kodwa oku kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba unyango alufunwa okanye ukuba unyango lulibaziseka.

Kutheni sinjalo? Zithini izizathu?

Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba i-autoimmune encephalitis yenzeka xa inkqubo yethu yomzimba isenza ii-antibodies ezichasene neeproteni ezithile kumphezulu weeseli zethu zemithambo-luvo okanye ngaphakathi kuzo. Ezi antibodies zibopha ezo proteni zize ziyeke ukusebenza. Oku kubangela ukudumba engqondweni.

Njengezinye iimeko ezininzi zokuzikhusela komzimba, akukaqondwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni amajoni ethu omzimba ehlasela iiseli eziphilileyo ngale ndlela. Kwezinye iimeko, i-autoimmune encephalitis (AE) inokwenzeka nomhlaza. Oogqirha bayibiza le paraneoplastic AE. Kwezinye iimeko, usulelo olufana ne -herpes simplex virus nalo lunokubangela loo nto. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abaninzi, akukho nto iyaziwayo ebangela i-AE.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?

Ukuba unazo ezi zinto, unamathuba amancinci okuba ne-autoimmune encephalitis:

• Ukuba unomhlaza okanye ukuba uvela omtsha, ingakumbi umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci, i-thymoma, kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko .
• Ukuba ukhe wathatha amayeza athile okuzikhusela komzimba (i-immune checkpoint inhibitors) ukuze ufumane umhlaza .
• Ukuba ukhe wanosulelo lobuchopho ngaphambili (i-encephalitis esulelayo) .

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba i-autoimmune encephalitis (AE) inokukhula nokuba akukho nanye kwezi zinto ziyingozi.

Sifunyaniswa njani esi sifo? Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezifunekayo?

Oogqirha baxilonga i-autoimmune encephalitis ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezibonakala ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye neziphumo zovavanyo ezibonisa ukudumba ngaphakathi kwengqondo yakho.

Ekubeni kukho ezinye iimeko ezininzi ezinokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo nale meko 'ye-AE', kunokufuneka wenze uvavanyo oluninzi. Ngamanye amaxesha kungathatha iiveki ukuze ufumane isifo. Ungakhathazeki, oogqirha baya kwenza oko kukulungeleyo.

Nazi ezinye zeemvavanyo kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswayo ukuxilonga i-AE:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nokubhala imbali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango.
• Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo olunxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo (`uvavanyo lwe-Neurological`).
• Uvavanyo lwengqondo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso yobuchopho. Umzekelo, iskeni ye-MRI yobuchopho (`Brain MRI`).
• Uvavanyo olubandakanya ukuthatha ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (`i-Spinal tap`).
• Uvavanyo lwe-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram). Olu lulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wengqondo.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa novavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuze aqinisekise ukuba akukho ezinye iimeko zonyango.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Kukho iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili zokunyanga i-autoimmune encephalitis: ukuthintela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela (i-immunosuppression) kunye nokususa ithumba, ukuba likhona.

Unyango lomgca wokuqala

Olu nyango lusebenza ngokunciphisa ukudumba engqondweni.

• IiCorticosteroids - La ngamayeza anamandla anciphisa ukudumba.
• Ii-immunoglobulins ze-IV (IVIG) - Ezi zisisombululo esinee-antibodies ezisempilweni. Zinikwa ngemithambo yegazi.
• I-Plasmapheresis - Le yinkqubo apho ii-antibodies eziyingozi zisuswa egazini lakho kwaye igazi elicociweyo libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho.

Kuthekani ukuba olu nyango aluphumeleli?

Ukuba unyango lokuqala aluvelisi ziphumo zinqwenelekayo, oogqirha banokuqwalasela ezinye iindlela zonyango, ezifana nezi:

• I-Rituximab - Olu luhlobo lwe-antibody ye-monoclonal.
• I-Cyclophosphamide - Le ikwasetyenziswa njengeyeza le-chemotherapy.

Kuthekani ukuba kukho ithumba?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe unethumba, iqela lakho lezonyango linokucebisa ukuba ususwe ngotyando kunye/okanye unikwe i-chemotherapy . Oku kunokunceda ukukhawulezisa ukuphiliswa kwemeko yakho ye-AE.

Ulawulo lweempawu

Ungadinga amayeza ongezelelweyo ukulawula iimpawu ze-AE:

• Amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula- Nciphisa okanye uthintele ukuxhuzula okubangelwa kukuxhuzula.
• Amayeza okunyanga ixhala kunye nokudakumba. Imizekelo ibandakanya amayeza okudakumba kunye ne-anxiolytics.
• Ukuba kukho ingxaki yengqondo (`ingqondo`), ngoko ke kunikwa amayeza aloo nto (`amayeza e-Antipsychotic`).

Ukongeza, unyango lomzimba, unyango lomsebenzi, kunye/okanye unyango lokuthetha lunokuba luncedo kakhulu ekukhawuleziseni ukuchacha kwakho.

Ingaba esi sifo sinokunyangwa kangakanani?

Impumelelo yonyango lwe-autoimmune encephalitis (AE) iyahluka kumntu nomntu. Abanye abantu basabela kakuhle kwiintsuku zokuqala zonyango. Abanye banokufuna unyango kangangeeveki okanye iinyanga.

Kunzima koogqirha ukuqikelela ngqo indlela umzimba wakho oza kusabela ngayo kunyango. Kodwa baza kuyijonga imeko yakho ngokusondeleyo baze bakugcine unolwazi. Kholosa ukuba oogqirha baza kukunceda.

Ithini ingqikelelo yomntu onesi sifo?

Ngokubanzi, ukuba isifo se-autoimmune encephalitis sifunyanwa kwaye sinyangwa kwangethuba, umngcipheko weengxaki zexesha elide kunye nokubuyela umva unokuncipha.

Kodwa i-AE ayifani kuye wonke umntu. Ukuba unezinye iimeko zonyango, ezinje ngomhlaza, oko kunokuchaphazela nendlela ozibona ngayo izinto. Iqela lakho lezonyango lingakunika umbono olungileyo wento omawuyilindele.

Ingaba esi sisifo sobomi bonke?

Uninzi lwexesha, i-autoimmune encephalitis isabela kakuhle kunyango kwaye iba ngcono. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, oku kungathatha ixesha elide. Kwakhona, i-AE ingabuya (ukubuyela umva), ingakumbi ukuba umhlaza wakho awusabeli kakuhle kunyango.

I-Autoimmune encephalitis yimeko enzima kakhulu efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Ngenxa yokuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, iimpawu zingahluka, kwaye ukuxilongwa kungathatha ixesha. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba iqela lakho lezonyango liza kusebenzisana ukufumanisa imeko kwaye liqalise unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Igama elithi Autoimmune Encephalitis linokuba loyikisa kancinci, kodwa ukuliqonda kunokukunceda uthathe inyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuvela iimpawu.

• Okwenzekayo koku kukuba inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela ubuchopho bakho.
• Iimpawu ezifana neengxaki zenkumbulo, ukudideka, isifo sokuwa, iintshukumo ezingaqhelekanga, ubunzima bokuthetha, kunye notshintsho lwengqondo lunokubakho.
• Ukuba unale mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumanisa isifo nokuqala unyango kwangethuba.
• Kukho unyango, kwaye abantu abaninzi bayaphila.
• Ngamanye amaxesha esi sifo sinokuphinda sibuye, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukulandela iingcebiso zonyango.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha. Bangakuvuyela ukukunceda.

I- Autoimmune Encephalitis, Ukudumba kwengqondo, Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, Isifo sokuwa, Isifo sengqondo