Mhlawumbi kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo sezintso. Okanye mhlawumbi ufunyaniswe ukuba une-high blood pressure xa uneminyaka engama-30 okanye engama-40 ubudala kwaye ufuna unobangela. Namhlanje sithetha ngesifo esahlukileyo kancinci, kodwa esiqhelekileyo, esidluliselwa kwilifa esichaphazela izintso. Esi sisifo se-Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease ngokwezonyango. Ekubeni oko kude kakhulu kuthi, siza kusibiza ngokuthi yi-ADPKD ngamafutshane.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-ADPKD?
Ngamafutshane, esi sifo sibangela ukuba kubekho ii-cysts ezininzi ezizele lulwelo kwizintso zakho. Cinga ngezintso njengezihluzo emizimbeni yethu. Njengoko ezi cysts zikhula, izintso azisakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, usulelo lomchamo, kunye namatye ezintso. Nangona kungengabo bonke abantu abafumana le meko, abanye abantu banokufikelela kwinqanaba lokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
Enye yeempawu ezikhethekileyo zesi sifo kukuba usenokungabi nazimpawu kangangeminyaka nokuba unazo. Iimpawu zihlala ziqala ukubonakala phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40 ubudala. Yiyo loo nto ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"adult PKD."
Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Nangona kungekho nyango okwangoku, ukuba ulawula iimpawu zakho, uphile ubomi obusempilweni, kwaye usebenzisane nogqirha wakho, ungaphila ubomi obuxakekileyo iminyaka emininzi.
Zithini iimpawu ze-ADPKD?
Ayingabo bonke abantu abane-ADPKD abaya kuba neempawu. Kwabanye, kungathatha iminyaka ukuba iimpawu zibonakale. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nesi sifo. Ndiza kukwahlulahlula oku kube ngamacandelo amabini ukuze uqonde.
| Uhlobo oluneempawu | Izinto onokuzibona |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu zokuqala (Izinto zokuqala kuqala) |
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| Iimpawu ezenzekayo njengoko isifo siqhubeka (Xa izintso ziphantse zangasebenzi) |
|
Kutheni i-ADPKD isenzeka? Ngaba yimfuza?
Ewe, esi sisifo esizuzwa njengelifa . Eyona nto ibangela oku sisiphene kwiijini ezimbini kwi-DNA yethu, ezizezi `PKD1` kunye ne `PKD2`. Ezi jini zezo zinika iiseli zezintso uphawu "lokukhula nini". Xa kukho isiphene kwenye yezi jini, iiseli zezintso zikhula ngendlela engalawulekiyo kwaye zenze ezo cysts sizikhankanyileyo.
Cinga ngako oku, uninzi lwezifo ezizuzwa njengelifa zifuna i-gene enesiphene evela kubazali bobabini. Kodwa kwi-ADPKD, i-gene enesiphene kufuneka ivele kumzali omnye kuphela . Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-"autosomal dominant."
Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba omnye wabazali bakho unesi sifo, unethuba elingama-50% lokufumana esi sifo . Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba esi sifo sivele ngenxa yotshintsho olungalindelekanga kwijini yomntu, ngaphandle kokuba bobabini abazali babe nesi sifo.
Ufumanisa njani ukuba unaso esi sifo?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho urhanela ukuba unengxaki yezintso ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho, angakuthumela kwingcali yezintso (i-nephrologist). Ugqirha uza kukubuza imibuzo efana nale:
- Zithini iimpawu zakho kwaye ziqale nini?
- Ngaba uyalwazi uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi?
- Ingaba kukho intlungu naphi na? Ukuba ikhona, phi?
- Ngaba wakha waba namatye ezintso ngaphambili?
- Ngaba kukho umntu kusapho onesifo sezintso?
Emva koko ugqirha uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi zokujonga izintso zakho.
- I-Ultrasound Scan: Oku kusebenzisa amaza esandi ukuthatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi emzimbeni. Olu luvavanyo lokuqala oluyenziwa rhoqo.
- I-MRI scan: I-scan enamandla esebenzisa iimagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukubona iithumba ezincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa nge-ultrasound.
- I-CT Scan: Enye indlela enamandla yokuskena esebenzisa ii-X-rays ukufumana imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zomzimba.
Ukongeza, i-DNA yakho inokuvavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba unayo na i-gene enesiphene ethi `PKD1` okanye `PKD2`. Nangona kunjalo, nangona olu vavanyo lwe-genetic lunokubonisa ukuba unayo na i-gene enesiphene, alunakuqikelela ukuba isifo siza kuvela nini okanye ukuba siza kuba qatha kangakanani .
Unyango kunye nezinto onokuzenza ekhaya
Akukho nyango lwe-ADPKD okwangoku. Kodwa zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukulawula iingxaki zempilo ezibangelwa sesi sifo nokuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
Unyango lwezonyango
- Amayeza okucothisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso: Kubantu abadala abasengozini yokuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kwesi sifo, amayeza afana ne-`Tolvaptan (Jynarque)` anikwa ukunciphisa ukwehla kokusebenza kwezintso.
- Amayeza alawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
- Ii-antibiotics zosulelo lomchamo.
- Izibulali-ntlungu.
Ukuba izintso zakho ziyasilela, kunokufuneka ufumane unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi -dialysis . Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa umatshini ukucoca igazi lakho, ukususa inkunkuma, ityuwa, kunye namanzi angaphezulu emzimbeni wakho. Enye indlela kukufakelwa izintso. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto ukuze ufunde okungakumbi.
Izinto onokuzenza ekhaya
Ukuze ukhusele izintso zakho kwaye uzigcine zisebenza kakuhle ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kubalulekile ukuhlala usempilweni kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
- Ukutya okufanelekileyo: Yitya ukutya okunesondlo okunetyuwa encinci. Ityuwa inokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Hlala ukhuthele: Ukuzilolonga kunokunceda ukulawula ubunzima kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi, kodwa kuphephe imidlalo edibanisa umzimba, enokwenzakalisa izintso zakho.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya konakalisa imithambo yegazi kwizintso kwaye kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokwakheka kwamaqhuqhuva.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi: Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunokubangela ukuba ii-cysts zakheke rhoqo.
Ezinye iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-ADPKD
I-ADPKD inokunyusa umngcipheko wezinye iingxaki zempilo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi.
| Ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinokubakho (Iingxaki ezinokubakho) | |
|---|---|
| I-Aneurysm (ukuba buthathaka nokudumba kodonga lomthambo wegazi engqondweni) | Ukwakheka kwama-cysts kwisibindi kunye ne-pancreas |
| I-Diverticulosis (iingxowa ezincinci emathunjini amakhulu) | IiHernias |
| Izifo zevalvu yentliziyo (umz. iMitral valve prolapse, iAortic regurgitation) | Ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi wezintso |
| Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa (i-Preeclampsia) | Intlungu eqhubekayo |
Izinga lokukhula kwesi sifo lixhomekeke ekubeni unesiphene na kwijini ethi `PKD1` okanye `PKD2`. Ngokubanzi, abantu abanesiphene kwijini ethi `PKD1` basengozini yokungaphumeleli kwezintso kwangethuba kunabo banesiphene esithi `PKD2`. Ngoko ke kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane ukuba imeko yakho injani kanye kanye.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADPKD sisifo esizuzwe njengelifa esibangela ukuba kubekho ii-cysts ezizaliswe lulwelo kwizintso.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, olubonakala kwiminyaka yoo-1930 noo-1940, lusenokuba luphawu oluphambili lwesi sifo.
- Ukuba omnye umzali unesi sifo, umntwana unethuba elingama-50% lokusifumana.
- Nangona kungekho nyango lupheleleyo loku, ungazikhusela izintso zakho ngokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho kunye nendlela yokuphila esempilweni .
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye iimpawu malunga noku, ungoyiki kwaye udibane nogqirha wakho ukuze akunike icebiso.
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