Ulwazi lwezeMpilo ngokubanziJulayi 16, 2026🔄 Updated: Jul 16, 2026⏱ 7 min

Ngaba kukho ingxaki egazini lakho? Masifunde ngeengxaki zegazi ngendlela elula!

Creator: Dr. Priya Sammani
Published: 2026-07-15T22:50:44.000Z

Dr. Priya Sammani, MBBS, PG Dip. FMMedical Verification

Ngaba ufumana amabala aluhlaza emzimbeni wakho wonke? Okanye uphuma igazi ixesha elide ungayeki nokuba linxeba elincinci? Mhlawumbi uhlala uzive udiniwe, ungenabomi, kwaye udiniwe kakhulu ukuba ungenza nantoni na? Emva kwezi zinto, kunokubakho ingxaki ethile ngokuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni wethu, oko kukuthi, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi. Musa ukoyika xa usiva eli gama. Ungayilawula uninzi lwale nto kwaye uphile kakuhle. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Okokuqala, makhe sijonge ukuba 'igazi' elisemizimbeni yethu lenza ntoni.

Ngamafutshane, igazi lulwelo olugcina imizimba yethu iphila. Linamalungu amathathu aphambili, njengabantu abathathu kwiqela elinye abenza imisebenzi ekhethekileyo.

Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu: Ezi 'ziinkonzo zokuhambisa' imizimba yethu. Zithwala ioksijini engena emiphungeni xa siphefumla ukuya kuzo zonke iikona zomzimba. Zikwathwala i-carbon dioxide engafunekiyo eqokelelana emzimbeni ibuyele emiphungeni ukuze ikhutshwe.
Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe: Ezi 'ngumkhosi wokhuselo' wemizimba yethu. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukusikhusela kwizifo ngokulwa neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo, iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ezivela ngaphandle.
Iiplatelets: La 'ngamadoda aphilisa amanxeba'. Xa sifumana inxeba okanye ukwenzakala naphi na emzimbeni wethu, ezi platelets zinceda ekwenzeni amahlwili egazi ukunqanda ukopha. Kufana nokubeka ipatch kumbhobho ophukileyo.

Isifo segazi yimeko apho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, okanye iiplatelets zingasebenzi kakuhle. Ezi zifo zinokuba ngumhlaza okanye zingabi ngumhlaza. Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngezifo zegazi ezingezizo umhlaza. Ezinye izifo zegazi zizuzwa njengelifa, ngelixa ezinye zikhula kamva ngenxa yesinye isifo.

Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni xa unezifo zegazi?

Ngokubanzi, izifo zegazi ezingezizo ezomhlaza zinokuchaphazela imizimba yethu ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili.

1. Ukujiya kwegazi ngokugqithisileyo: Kwezinye izifo, igazi liqala ukujiya ngaphakathi emithanjeni. Oku kunokuba yingozi, njengoko la majini egazi anokujiya aze abangele iimeko ezinzulu ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nestroke.

2. Igazi alijiki kakuhle (ukopha kakhulu): Kwezinye izifo, igazi alijiki kakuhle xa lenzakele. Ngenxa yoko, nenxeba elincinci linokubangela ukopha okuninzi.

Ngoku makhe sijonge izifo eziqhelekileyo ezikuhlobo ngalunye ngokwahlukeneyo.

Iingxaki Zokuqunjelwa Kwegazi

Kwezi meko, igazi lethu liyaqhekeka ngaphakathi emithanjeni nokuba akuyomfuneko. Oku kubizwa ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-``Hypercoagulable state`` okanye ``Thrombophilia``.

Isilumkiso: Ukuba ufumana ukudumba ngequbuliso, ukuba bomvu, kunye nentlungu komnye wemilenze yakho (oku kungaba luphawu lokuqhekeka kwegazi emthanjeni - `Deep Vein Thrombosis`) okanye intlungu yesifuba ngequbuliso kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla (oku kungaba kukuqhekeka kwegazi emiphungeni - `Pulmonary Embolism`), yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Ezi ziimeko ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Nazi ezinye zezifo eziqhelekileyo.

Igama leSifo	Kalula nje...
Utshintsho lwe-Prothrombin gene	Le yimeko yemfuza edluliselwa ukususela ekuzalweni. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi kwimithambo yemilenze (`Deep Vein Thrombosis`) kunye nemiphunga (`Pulmonary Embolism`).
Isifo se-Antiphospholipid	Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga senkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba. Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela isebenza ngokuchasene nemizimba yethu. Oku kunokubangela ukuba kubekho amahlwili egazi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
Ukunqongophala kweProtheyini S kunye neProtheyini C	Iproteni S kunye ne-C ziiproteni ezimbini zendalo egazini lethu ezilawula ukujiya kwegazi. Xa ezi ziphantsi ngokwendalo, ukujiya kwegazi kuyanda.
Ukwahlulwa kwemithambo yegazi esasazwayo (DIC)	Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kodwa imbi kakhulu apho amahlwili egazi aqala ukuqhekeka emzimbeni wonke, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ukopha okungalawulekiyo kuqala.

Iingxaki Zokopha

Kwezi meko, inkqubo yokujiya kwegazi iyaphazamiseka, nto leyo ebangela ukopha okungakumbi kunesiqhelo.

Igama leSifo	Kwenzeka ntoni ngale nto?
Isifo sikaVon Willebrand	Le yeyona ngxaki yokuphuma kwegazi exhaphakileyo. Ibangelwa kukungabikho okanye isiphene kwi-von Willebrand factor, iproteni ekhethekileyo enceda ukujiya kwegazi.
I-Hemophilia	Esi sisifo esibangelwa lufuzo. Sibangelwa kukunqongophala kwezinye izinto 'ezibangela ukujiya' ezifunekayo ukuze igazi lijiye. Kukho iintlobo ze-hemophilia A, B, kunye no-C.
I-Thrombocytopenia	Oku kuthetha ukuba inani leeplatelet egazini liyancipha. Oku kwenzeka xa ufumana i-dengue. Xa iiplatelet zincipha, kuba nzima ukuyeka ukopha.

Esona sifo segazi sixhaphakileyo phakathi kwethu: I-Anemia

I-anemia, okanye 'ukungabikho kwegazi' njengoko sihlala sikubiza njalo, yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo yegazi. Yenzeka xa igazi lingenazo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo zokuhambisa ioksijini emzimbeni. Zininzi izizathu ze-anemia.

Yenzeka njani i-anemia?

I-Anemias efunyenweyo

Ezi ziimeko ezibakho emva kokuba sizelwe ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

I-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. I-iron ibalulekile ekwenzeni i-hemoglobin, iproteni ekwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ethwala ioksijini. Le meko yenzeka xa kungekho i-iron eyaneleyo ekutyeni. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi abakhulelweyo kunye namantombazana amancinci.
I-Vitamin B12 okanye i-Folate Deficiency Anemia: Ezi vithamini zibalulekile ekwenzeni iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni. I-pernicious anemia sisifo sokuzikhusela komzimba apho umzimba ungakwazi ukufunxa i-vitamin B12.
I-Aplastic anemia: Oku kwenzeka xa umongo wethambo uyeka ukuvelisa iiseli ezintsha zegazi (ezibomvu, ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets).
I-Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Kule meko, inkqubo yethu yomzimba iqala ngempazamo ukutshabalalisa iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi.

I-Anemias ezuzwe njengelifa

Ezi zizifo ezidluliselwa ebantwaneni ngee-genes ezivela kubazali.

I-Sickle cell anemia: Kule meko, imo yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi iyatshintsha. Endaweni yokuba zibe zijikelezileyo, ziba ngathi zijikelezileyo, kwaye zinokunamathela kwimithambo yegazi.
I-Thalassemia: Igama esiliva rhoqo eSri Lanka. Okwenzekayo koku kukuba ukuveliswa kwe-hemoglobin emzimbeni kuncipha. Oku kubangela ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibe ncinci, nto leyo ebangela i-anemia. Kukho iimeko ezincinci nezinkulu zoku.

Ndingayazi njani ukuba ndinesifo segazi? (Iimpawu)

Iimpawu zezifo zegazi ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo. Masizihlele ngokwamaqela.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezifo ezahlukeneyo zegazi
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-anemia
Ukudinwa rhoqo kunye nobuthathaka. Ukudinwa, ukuziva ngathi ujikeleza. Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo (lubonakala ngakumbi ezintendeni zezandla, ezintendeni zeenyawo, nangaphantsi kwamehlo). Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza. Ubunzima bokuphefumla , nokuba uhamba umgama omfutshane.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeengxaki zokopha
Ukuba nemivumbo emikhulu emzimbeni nasemva kokungqubana nento encinci. Ukopha rhoqo empumlweni (okuhlala ixesha elingaphezu kwemizuzu eli-10). Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba nenxeba elincinci liyeke ukopha. Ukopha kakhulu kwiintsini xa uhlamba amazinyo. Abafazi banesifo sokopha kakhulu esifuna ukuba batshintshe i-pad yabo iyure ngaphambi kokuba baye exesheni okanye babe nexesha elihlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwe-7. Igazi lingena emalungeni, nto leyo ebangela ukudumba nentlungu. Igazi kumchamo okanye kwindle (kusenokubakho nezinye izizathu, kodwa kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha).
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeengxaki zokuqunjelwa kwegazi
Ukudumba, ukuba bomvu, kunye nentlungu emlenzeni (ngokudla ngokuba ngumlenze omnye). Intlungu yesifuba ngequbuliso kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi.

Ugqirha usifumanisa njani esi sifo?

Xa ukhalaza ngezi mpawu zingasentla, ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akuhlole, akubuze ngeempawu zakho, aze akubuze ukuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho okhe waba nezi ngxaki. Emva koko, baza kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi ukuze bafumane isifo esichanekileyo.

Ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (i-CBC) kudla ngokwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe umbono olungileyo ngenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets egazini lakho.

Uvavanyo lweeseli ezibomvu zegazi: Oku kuhlola izinto ezifana namanqanaba e-hemoglobin kunye nobuninzi beeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ukuba ezi zinto ziphantsi, kuqinisekisa ukuba une-anemia.
Inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi: Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ezifana ne-'Neutrophils', 'Lymphocytes', 'Eosinophils'). Ngokujonga ubungakanani bohlobo ngalunye, unokufumanisa ukuba unesifo, i-allergy, okanye enye imeko enzulu.
Inani leeplatelet: Inani leeplatelet liyajongwa. Ukuba inani liphantsi, kukho umngcipheko wokopha. Ukuba inani liphezulu, kukho umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi.

Emva kwezi mvavanyo zokuqala, ungathunyelwa kwiimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo ngakumbi (umz., uvavanyo lwezinto ezibangela ukugalela igazi, uvavanyo lomongo wethambo) ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke ekubeni unasiphi na isifo segazi kwaye sibi kangakanani.

Ukulinda ngononophelo: Kwezinye izifo ezincinci zegazi, ukuba akukho zimpawu zibalulekileyo, ugqirha wakho usenokungakuniki mayeza kwaye unokujonga imeko yakho ngokwenza uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo.
Amayeza:
Iipilisi zesinyithi okanye isiraphu yokuthintela i-anemia yokungabikho kwesinyithi.
Iivithamini ezinxulumene nokungabikho kweevithamini.
Ii-anticoagulants zinikwa ukuthintela ukujiya kwegazi kwizifo ezibangela ukwanda kokujiya kwegazi.
Kwizifo ezibangela ukopha kakhulu, kunikwa amayeza okunceda ukujiya kwegazi.
Kwizifo ezibangelwa ziingxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, amayeza afana ne-corticosteroids anikwa ukulawula loo nkqubo.
Utofelo-gazi kunye neeplatelet: Ukuba i-anemia imbi kakhulu okanye ukuba kukho ukopha okugqithisileyo, igazi okanye iiplatelet zinikwa ngaphandle.
Ukongezwa kwezinto ezibangela ukukhula: Kunikwa iinaliti ezivuselela umongo wethambo kwaye zincede ekuveliseni iiseli zegazi ezingaphezulu.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukhetha unyango olukulungeleyo. Naluphi na unyango lunokuba nemiphumo emibi. Musa ukoyika ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngazo.

Ungaphila njani nesifo segazi? Ungawunciphisa njani umngcipheko?

Ukuba nesifo segazi asikokuphela kobomi. Ukuba nolawulo olufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabantu lunokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Fumana ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo: Faka ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-iron (njengespinatshi, ikale, ispinatshi, inyama yenkomo, kunye neepizi), i-vitamin B12, kunye ne-folate ekutyeni kwakho. Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho okanye ingcali yesondlo ngale nto.
Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Yenza umthambo rhoqo.
Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane: Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo kwaye kakuhle. Fumana imigonyo efunekayo njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
Lumka xa usenzakele: Ukuba unesifo sokopha, yiphephe imidlalo enokubangela ukuwa nokukrweleka. Nxiba isigcina-ntloko ukuba ukhwela ibhayisekile. Soloko unxibe ibhanti yesihlalo xa ukhwela imoto.
Yazisa usapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo bakho: Baxelele ngemeko yakho. Kubalulekile ukuba bazi ukuba benze ntoni xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.
Landela icebiso lezonyango: Sela amayeza akho ngexesha. Yiya kwiikliniki ngeentsuku ezicwangcisiweyo. Ungaze uyeke ukuwasela amayeza akho ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Izifo zegazi ziingxaki ekusebenzeni kweeseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, okanye iiplatelets.

Iziphumo ezimbini eziphambili kukuba igazi lijiyile ngokungeyomfuneko okanye ukopha okungapheliyo.

I-anemia sisifo segazi esixhaphakileyo. Musa ukuyityeshela iimpawu ezifana nokudinwa rhoqo, ukuba mdaka, kunye nokudinwa.

Ukuba uvela amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukuba inxeba elincinci aliyeki ukopha, okanye ukuba umlenze omnye uvuvukala ngequbuliso, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Izifo ezininzi zegazi zinokulawulwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo nolawulo olufanelekileyo, okukuvumela ukuba uphile ubomi obusempilweni nobuqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki, kwaye funa ingcebiso efanelekileyo yezonyango.

Iingxaki zegazi, i-anemia, ukujiya kwegazi, i-hemophilia, i-thalassemia, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Ulwazi lwezeMpilo ngokubanziJulayi 16, 2026
Ngaba kukho ingxaki egazini lakho? Masifunde ngeengxaki zegazi ngendlela elula!
Dr. Priya SammaniMedical Verification
⏱ 7 min read
📋Table of Contents
1. Okokuqala, makhe sijonge ukuba 'igazi' elisemizimbeni yethu lenza ntoni.
2. Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni xa unezifo zegazi?
3. Iingxaki Zokuqunjelwa Kwegazi
4. Iingxaki Zokopha
5. Esona sifo segazi sixhaphakileyo phakathi kwethu: I-Anemia
6. Yenzeka njani i-anemia?
7. Ndingayazi njani ukuba ndinesifo segazi? (Iimpawu)
8. Ugqirha usifumanisa njani esi sifo?
9. Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
10. Ungaphila njani nesifo segazi? Ungawunciphisa njani umngcipheko?
11. Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
Ngaba ufumana amabala aluhlaza emzimbeni wakho wonke? Okanye uphuma igazi ixesha elide ungayeki nokuba linxeba elincinci? Mhlawumbi uhlala uzive udiniwe, ungenabomi, kwaye udiniwe kakhulu ukuba ungenza nantoni na? Emva kwezi zinto, kunokubakho ingxaki ethile ngokuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni wethu, oko kukuthi, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi. Musa ukoyika xa usiva eli gama. Ungayilawula uninzi lwale nto kwaye uphile kakuhle. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Okokuqala, makhe sijonge ukuba 'igazi' elisemizimbeni yethu lenza ntoni.
Ngamafutshane, igazi lulwelo olugcina imizimba yethu iphila. Linamalungu amathathu aphambili, njengabantu abathathu kwiqela elinye abenza imisebenzi ekhethekileyo.

Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu: Ezi 'ziinkonzo zokuhambisa' imizimba yethu. Zithwala ioksijini engena emiphungeni xa siphefumla ukuya kuzo zonke iikona zomzimba. Zikwathwala i-carbon dioxide engafunekiyo eqokelelana emzimbeni ibuyele emiphungeni ukuze ikhutshwe.
Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe: Ezi 'ngumkhosi wokhuselo' wemizimba yethu. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukusikhusela kwizifo ngokulwa neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo, iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ezivela ngaphandle.
Iiplatelets: La 'ngamadoda aphilisa amanxeba'. Xa sifumana inxeba okanye ukwenzakala naphi na emzimbeni wethu, ezi platelets zinceda ekwenzeni amahlwili egazi ukunqanda ukopha. Kufana nokubeka ipatch kumbhobho ophukileyo.
Isifo segazi yimeko apho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, okanye iiplatelets zingasebenzi kakuhle. Ezi zifo zinokuba ngumhlaza okanye zingabi ngumhlaza. Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngezifo zegazi ezingezizo umhlaza. Ezinye izifo zegazi zizuzwa njengelifa, ngelixa ezinye zikhula kamva ngenxa yesinye isifo.
Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni xa unezifo zegazi?
Ngokubanzi, izifo zegazi ezingezizo ezomhlaza zinokuchaphazela imizimba yethu ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Ukujiya kwegazi ngokugqithisileyo: Kwezinye izifo, igazi liqala ukujiya ngaphakathi emithanjeni. Oku kunokuba yingozi, njengoko la majini egazi anokujiya aze abangele iimeko ezinzulu ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nestroke.
2. Igazi alijiki kakuhle (ukopha kakhulu): Kwezinye izifo, igazi alijiki kakuhle xa lenzakele. Ngenxa yoko, nenxeba elincinci linokubangela ukopha okuninzi.
Ngoku makhe sijonge izifo eziqhelekileyo ezikuhlobo ngalunye ngokwahlukeneyo.
Iingxaki Zokuqunjelwa Kwegazi
Kwezi meko, igazi lethu liyaqhekeka ngaphakathi emithanjeni nokuba akuyomfuneko. Oku kubizwa ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-``Hypercoagulable state`` okanye ``Thrombophilia``.
Isilumkiso: Ukuba ufumana ukudumba ngequbuliso, ukuba bomvu, kunye nentlungu komnye wemilenze yakho (oku kungaba luphawu lokuqhekeka kwegazi emthanjeni - `Deep Vein Thrombosis`) okanye intlungu yesifuba ngequbuliso kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla (oku kungaba kukuqhekeka kwegazi emiphungeni - `Pulmonary Embolism`), yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Ezi ziimeko ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.
Nazi ezinye zezifo eziqhelekileyo.
Igama leSifo Kalula nje...
Utshintsho lwe-Prothrombin gene Le yimeko yemfuza edluliselwa ukususela ekuzalweni. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi kwimithambo yemilenze (`Deep Vein Thrombosis`) kunye nemiphunga (`Pulmonary Embolism`).
Isifo se-Antiphospholipid Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga senkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba. Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela isebenza ngokuchasene nemizimba yethu. Oku kunokubangela ukuba kubekho amahlwili egazi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
Ukunqongophala kweProtheyini S kunye neProtheyini C Iproteni S kunye ne-C ziiproteni ezimbini zendalo egazini lethu ezilawula ukujiya kwegazi. Xa ezi ziphantsi ngokwendalo, ukujiya kwegazi kuyanda.
Ukwahlulwa kwemithambo yegazi esasazwayo (DIC) Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kodwa imbi kakhulu apho amahlwili egazi aqala ukuqhekeka emzimbeni wonke, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ukopha okungalawulekiyo kuqala.
Iingxaki Zokopha
Kwezi meko, inkqubo yokujiya kwegazi iyaphazamiseka, nto leyo ebangela ukopha okungakumbi kunesiqhelo.
Igama leSifo Kwenzeka ntoni ngale nto?
Isifo sikaVon Willebrand Le yeyona ngxaki yokuphuma kwegazi exhaphakileyo. Ibangelwa kukungabikho okanye isiphene kwi-von Willebrand factor, iproteni ekhethekileyo enceda ukujiya kwegazi.
I-Hemophilia Esi sisifo esibangelwa lufuzo. Sibangelwa kukunqongophala kwezinye izinto 'ezibangela ukujiya' ezifunekayo ukuze igazi lijiye. Kukho iintlobo ze-hemophilia A, B, kunye no-C.
I-Thrombocytopenia Oku kuthetha ukuba inani leeplatelet egazini liyancipha. Oku kwenzeka xa ufumana i-dengue. Xa iiplatelet zincipha, kuba nzima ukuyeka ukopha.
Esona sifo segazi sixhaphakileyo phakathi kwethu: I-Anemia
I-anemia, okanye 'ukungabikho kwegazi' njengoko sihlala sikubiza njalo, yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo yegazi. Yenzeka xa igazi lingenazo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo zokuhambisa ioksijini emzimbeni. Zininzi izizathu ze-anemia.
Yenzeka njani i-anemia?
I-Anemias efunyenweyo
Ezi ziimeko ezibakho emva kokuba sizelwe ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo.
I-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. I-iron ibalulekile ekwenzeni i-hemoglobin, iproteni ekwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ethwala ioksijini. Le meko yenzeka xa kungekho i-iron eyaneleyo ekutyeni. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi abakhulelweyo kunye namantombazana amancinci.
I-Vitamin B12 okanye i-Folate Deficiency Anemia: Ezi vithamini zibalulekile ekwenzeni iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni. I-pernicious anemia sisifo sokuzikhusela komzimba apho umzimba ungakwazi ukufunxa i-vitamin B12.
I-Aplastic anemia: Oku kwenzeka xa umongo wethambo uyeka ukuvelisa iiseli ezintsha zegazi (ezibomvu, ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets).
I-Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Kule meko, inkqubo yethu yomzimba iqala ngempazamo ukutshabalalisa iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi.
I-Anemias ezuzwe njengelifa
Ezi zizifo ezidluliselwa ebantwaneni ngee-genes ezivela kubazali.
I-Sickle cell anemia: Kule meko, imo yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi iyatshintsha. Endaweni yokuba zibe zijikelezileyo, ziba ngathi zijikelezileyo, kwaye zinokunamathela kwimithambo yegazi.
I-Thalassemia: Igama esiliva rhoqo eSri Lanka. Okwenzekayo koku kukuba ukuveliswa kwe-hemoglobin emzimbeni kuncipha. Oku kubangela ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibe ncinci, nto leyo ebangela i-anemia. Kukho iimeko ezincinci nezinkulu zoku.
Ndingayazi njani ukuba ndinesifo segazi? (Iimpawu)
Iimpawu zezifo zegazi ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo. Masizihlele ngokwamaqela.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezifo ezahlukeneyo zegazi
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-anemia
Ukudinwa rhoqo kunye nobuthathaka.
Ukudinwa, ukuziva ngathi ujikeleza.
Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo (lubonakala ngakumbi ezintendeni zezandla, ezintendeni zeenyawo, nangaphantsi kwamehlo).
Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza.
Ubunzima bokuphefumla , nokuba uhamba umgama omfutshane.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeengxaki zokopha
Ukuba nemivumbo emikhulu emzimbeni nasemva kokungqubana nento encinci.
Ukopha rhoqo empumlweni (okuhlala ixesha elingaphezu kwemizuzu eli-10).
Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba nenxeba elincinci liyeke ukopha.
Ukopha kakhulu kwiintsini xa uhlamba amazinyo.
Abafazi banesifo sokopha kakhulu esifuna ukuba batshintshe i-pad yabo iyure ngaphambi kokuba baye exesheni okanye babe nexesha elihlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwe-7.
Igazi lingena emalungeni, nto leyo ebangela ukudumba nentlungu.
Igazi kumchamo okanye kwindle (kusenokubakho nezinye izizathu, kodwa kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha).
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeengxaki zokuqunjelwa kwegazi
Ukudumba, ukuba bomvu, kunye nentlungu emlenzeni (ngokudla ngokuba ngumlenze omnye).
Intlungu yesifuba ngequbuliso kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
Iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi.
Ugqirha usifumanisa njani esi sifo?
Xa ukhalaza ngezi mpawu zingasentla, ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akuhlole, akubuze ngeempawu zakho, aze akubuze ukuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho okhe waba nezi ngxaki. Emva koko, baza kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi ukuze bafumane isifo esichanekileyo.
Ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (i-CBC) kudla ngokwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe umbono olungileyo ngenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets egazini lakho.
Uvavanyo lweeseli ezibomvu zegazi: Oku kuhlola izinto ezifana namanqanaba e-hemoglobin kunye nobuninzi beeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ukuba ezi zinto ziphantsi, kuqinisekisa ukuba une-anemia.
Inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi: Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ezifana ne-'Neutrophils', 'Lymphocytes', 'Eosinophils'). Ngokujonga ubungakanani bohlobo ngalunye, unokufumanisa ukuba unesifo, i-allergy, okanye enye imeko enzulu.
Inani leeplatelet: Inani leeplatelet liyajongwa. Ukuba inani liphantsi, kukho umngcipheko wokopha. Ukuba inani liphezulu, kukho umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi.
Emva kwezi mvavanyo zokuqala, ungathunyelwa kwiimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo ngakumbi (umz., uvavanyo lwezinto ezibangela ukugalela igazi, uvavanyo lomongo wethambo) ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke ekubeni unasiphi na isifo segazi kwaye sibi kangakanani.
Ukulinda ngononophelo: Kwezinye izifo ezincinci zegazi, ukuba akukho zimpawu zibalulekileyo, ugqirha wakho usenokungakuniki mayeza kwaye unokujonga imeko yakho ngokwenza uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo.
Amayeza:
Iipilisi zesinyithi okanye isiraphu yokuthintela i-anemia yokungabikho kwesinyithi.
Iivithamini ezinxulumene nokungabikho kweevithamini.
Ii-anticoagulants zinikwa ukuthintela ukujiya kwegazi kwizifo ezibangela ukwanda kokujiya kwegazi.
Kwizifo ezibangela ukopha kakhulu, kunikwa amayeza okunceda ukujiya kwegazi.
Kwizifo ezibangelwa ziingxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, amayeza afana ne-corticosteroids anikwa ukulawula loo nkqubo.
Utofelo-gazi kunye neeplatelet: Ukuba i-anemia imbi kakhulu okanye ukuba kukho ukopha okugqithisileyo, igazi okanye iiplatelet zinikwa ngaphandle.
Ukongezwa kwezinto ezibangela ukukhula: Kunikwa iinaliti ezivuselela umongo wethambo kwaye zincede ekuveliseni iiseli zegazi ezingaphezulu.
Ugqirha wakho uza kukhetha unyango olukulungeleyo. Naluphi na unyango lunokuba nemiphumo emibi. Musa ukoyika ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngazo.
Ungaphila njani nesifo segazi? Ungawunciphisa njani umngcipheko?
Ukuba nesifo segazi asikokuphela kobomi. Ukuba nolawulo olufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabantu lunokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
Fumana ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo: Faka ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-iron (njengespinatshi, ikale, ispinatshi, inyama yenkomo, kunye neepizi), i-vitamin B12, kunye ne-folate ekutyeni kwakho. Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho okanye ingcali yesondlo ngale nto.
Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Yenza umthambo rhoqo.
Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane: Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo kwaye kakuhle. Fumana imigonyo efunekayo njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
Lumka xa usenzakele: Ukuba unesifo sokopha, yiphephe imidlalo enokubangela ukuwa nokukrweleka. Nxiba isigcina-ntloko ukuba ukhwela ibhayisekile. Soloko unxibe ibhanti yesihlalo xa ukhwela imoto.
Yazisa usapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo bakho: Baxelele ngemeko yakho. Kubalulekile ukuba bazi ukuba benze ntoni xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.
Landela icebiso lezonyango: Sela amayeza akho ngexesha. Yiya kwiikliniki ngeentsuku ezicwangcisiweyo. Ungaze uyeke ukuwasela amayeza akho ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
Izifo zegazi ziingxaki ekusebenzeni kweeseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, okanye iiplatelets.
Iziphumo ezimbini eziphambili kukuba igazi lijiyile ngokungeyomfuneko okanye ukopha okungapheliyo.
I-anemia sisifo segazi esixhaphakileyo. Musa ukuyityeshela iimpawu ezifana nokudinwa rhoqo, ukuba mdaka, kunye nokudinwa.
Ukuba uvela amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukuba inxeba elincinci aliyeki ukopha, okanye ukuba umlenze omnye uvuvukala ngequbuliso, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.
Izifo ezininzi zegazi zinokulawulwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo nolawulo olufanelekileyo, okukuvumela ukuba uphile ubomi obusempilweni nobuqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki, kwaye funa ingcebiso efanelekileyo yezonyango.
Iingxaki zegazi, i-anemia, ukujiya kwegazi, i-hemophilia, i-thalassemia, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.
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