Khawucinge ukuba umntu osondeleyo kuwe, mhlawumbi ilungu losapho okanye umhlobo, ufunyaniswe enomhlaza wegazi onzima njengeLeukemia. Akukho namnye kuthi othanda ukuva ngento enjalo, akunjalo? Kodwa ukuba oko kuyenzeka, usenokuba lithemba lokusindisa ubomi baloo mntu. Ewe, ungabanika isipho sobomi. Eso sipho sixabisekileyo kukunikela ngeeseli ze-stem yegazi. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ukususela ekuqaleni, ngokulula.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukunikela ngeeseli ze-stem yegazi?
Ngamafutshane, ukunikela ngeeseli ze-stem yegazi yinkqubo yokuthatha olu hlobo lukhethekileyo lweseli kumntu ophilileyo uze ulufake kumntu ogulayo. Ezi seli ze-stem "ziiseli eziphambili" emizimbeni yethu. Oku kuthetha ukuba zinokukhula zibe naluphi na uhlobo lweseli egazini lethu, kuquka iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets .
Unyaka ngamnye, amawaka abantu ayafa ngenxa yezifo ezinzulu ezifana ne-leukemia. Kwizigulana ezinjalo, ii-stem cells ezikumongo wazo ziyatshatyalaliswa okanye zingasebenzi kakuhle. Emva koko, ii-stem cells ezithathwe kumntu ophilileyo zinikwa isigulana kwaye zenziwe ukuba zivelise ii-cells ezintsha zegazi ezisempilweni emzimbeni waso. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-stem cell transplant.
Umntu anganikela ngezi seli njengenxalenye yonyango lwakhe, ancede ilungu losapho elisondeleyo, okanye abhalise njengomnikeli ukuze asindise ubomi bomntu angazange ambone, kwenye indawo emhlabeni.
Kutheni umntu engazidinga ezi seli ze-stem?
Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kubantu abaneentlobo ezithile zomhlaza wegazi kunye nezinye izifo ezinxulumene negazi. Kule nkqubo, oogqirha basusa iiseli ze-stem ezonakeleyo emzimbeni wesigulana baze bazitshintshe ngeeseli ze-stem eziphilileyo. Emva koko iiseli ezintsha ziyakhula zize ziqale ukwenza iiseli zegazi eziphilileyo.
Ngezantsi kukho ezinye zeengxaki eziphambili zonyango ezinyangwa ngokufakelwa iiseli ze-stem.
| Imeko | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-anemia ye-Aplastic | Imeko apho umzimba uyeka ukuvelisa iiseli ezintsha zegazi. |
| I-Leukemia | Umhlaza owenzeka egazini nakwithambo. |
| I-myeloma eninzi | Umhlaza ochaphazela iiseli zeplasma yegazi. |
| Isifo seMyelodysplastic | Ukungakwazi komongo wethambo ukuvelisa iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni. |
| I-lymphoma engeyiyo iHodgkin | Umhlaza wenkqubo ye-lymphatic. |
| I-anemia yeseli yesickle | Isifo apho imo yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi itshintsha khona kwaye umsebenzi wazo uyaphazamiseka. |
Uyifumana njani le 'ifaniso'?
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo nenzima yale nkqubo. Awunakuthatha nje ii-stem cells komnye umntu uzinike omnye umntu. Kufuneka kubekho ukufana okuhle phakathi kwee-cells zabantu ababini.
Oogqirha bajonga olu ngqamaniso ngokukhangela into ebizwa ngokuba yiHuman Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) . Cinga ngale HLA njenge 'barcode' ekhethekileyo kwiseli nganye emzimbeni wethu. Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ijonga le barcode ukuze ibone ukuba "le yiseli yam" okanye "le yinto engaqhelekanga."
Kwi-stem cell transplant, i-HLA barcode yomnikeli kunye nommkeli kufuneka ifane kangangoko. Kulapho ke kuphela apho umzimba wommkeli uza kwamkela iiseli ezintsha ngaphandle kokuzilahla.
Oogqirha bafuna umntu onikelayo ngolu hlobo:
1. Amalungu osapho asondeleyo: Abantu abafana nabantakwabo noodadewabo nabazali baqwalaselwa kuqala, njengoko benamathuba amaninzi okuba nomdlalo we-HLA.
2. Abanikeli abangadibaniyo: Ukuba akukho ntsapho ifanayo, iirejista zabaxhasi belizwe okanye bamazwe ngamazwe ziyahlolwa ukuze kufunyanwe ohambelanayo. Izigidi zabaxhasi kwihlabathi liphela zibhaliswe ngale ndlela.
3. Abanikeli abahambelana ngokungaphelelanga (Haploidentical):Ngamanye amaxesha, iiseli zinokufunyanwa kwilungu losapho elilingana ngqo nesiqingatha somntu ofumana i-HLA efanayo.
Ngaba ungaba ngumnikeli? Le yinkqubo.
Ewe, ukuba usempilweni, nawe unethuba elihle lokufaka isandla kule njongo ibalulekileyo. Inkqubo yokubhalisa njengomnikeli ayinzima njengoko unokucinga. Iyenzeka ngamanyathelo ambalwa.
- Ubhaliso: Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenze kukugcwalisa isicelo nge-arhente yokubhalisa abaxhasi. Oku kuya kufuna ukuba unikezele ngeenkcukacha malunga nembali yakho yempilo kunye nolwazi loqhagamshelwano.
- Uvavanyo lwe-HLA: Okulandelayo, uza kuvavanywa ukuze kufunyaniswe uhlobo lwakho lwe-HLA. Oku kulula kakhulu. Baza kusula ingaphakathi lesidlele sakho nge-cotton swab encinci baze bathathe isampuli yeeseli apho. Usenokukwazi ukufumana ikhithi yokuya nayo ekhaya ngenxa yoku.
- Ukulinda ukufana: Emva kokuba ulwazi lwakho lwe-HLA lufakwe kwirejistri, kuya kufuneka ulinde isigulana ukuba sikufane. Oku kungathatha iinyanga, okanye iminyaka.
- Ukuba kufunyenwe umntu ofanelekileyo: Ukuba ufumana umntu ofanelekileyo, uya kuqhagamshelana nelo ziko. Kuya kufuneka wenze ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntu ofanelekileyo.
- Ingcebiso kunye neMvume: Ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle, yonke inkqubo, iingozi kunye neenzuzo zayo, ziya kucaciswa kuwe. Emva koko, imvume yakho enolwazi iya kufumaneka.
- Uvavanyo Lokugqibela Lwezonyango: Ngaphambi kokuba unikele, uza kuphononongwa ngokupheleleyo kwezonyango ukuqinisekisa ukuba usempilweni ngokupheleleyo.
Inyathelo ngalinye lale nkqubo lenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluphezulu kulowo unikelayo kunye nalowo ufumana uncedo.
Ngubani ongenakunikela ngee-stem cells?
Eminye imiqathango yobudala kunye neemeko zempilo zithintela wonke umntu ekunikeleni ngee-stem cells. Le mithetho iyasebenza ukukhusela umnikeli kunye nommkeli. Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziphambili zokuba kutheni ungenakukwazi ukunikela.
| Isizathu / imeko yezonyango | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ubudala | Kumazwe amaninzi, ngabo baphakathi kweminyaka eli-18 ukuya kwengama-40 kuphela abanokubhalisa njengabanikeli. |
| I-HIV/AIDS | Abantu abanale meko abanakunikela. |
| I-arthritis enzima | Iimeko ezinzima ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni | Kwabo banezifo ezichaphazela umzimba wonke. |
| Umhlaza | Ukuba ukhe wafumana unyango lomhlaza ngaphambili (i-chemotherapy, i-radiation) okanye ukhe waba nomhlaza kwiminyaka emi-5 edlulileyo. |
| Isifo seswekile | Kwabo banesifo seswekile abathatha inaliti ye-insulin. |
| Isifo sentliziyo | Ukuba unembali yesifo sentliziyo, utyando lwe-bypass, i-angioplasty, njl. |
| IHepatitis B okanye C | Kwabo banezi meko zosulelo. |
Olu luhlu zezinye zezizathu ezimbalwa. Ukuba unomdla wokunikela kodwa unenkxalabo malunga nempilo, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi nangexesha lomhla wokunikela?
Ndinike yona kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo.
Wakuba uqinisekisiwe ukuba ungumnikeli olungileyo, uza kunikwa inaliti yemihla ngemihla ukususela kwiintsuku ezi-4-5 ngaphambi kokuba unikele. Le naliti iqulethe iFilgrastim.Eli liyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-. Into eliyenzayo kukuvuselela umongo wakho wethambo kwaye likhuphe inani elikhulu lee-stem cells egazini lakho. Emva koko sinokuqokelela ezo seli ngokulula egazini lakho.
Ezi naliti zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci:
- Intlungu emathanjeni
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Umkhuhlane omncinci.
- Isicaphucaphu
- Ubunzima bokulala
Ungakhathazeki, ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga ziya kuphela emva kokuba ugqibile ukujova. Ungathatha neyeza eliqhelekileyo lokubulala iintlungu elifana neparacetamol ukulawula iintlungu, njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.
Ngexesha lomnikelo
Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba "kukuvuna." Kufana nokuqokelela iiplatelets egazini.
- Uza kubekwa esitulweni okanye ebhedini ekhululekileyo.
- Ii-cannula ezimbini ziya kufakwa kwimithambo yeengalo zakho zombini.
- Kwelinye icala, inxalenye yegazi lakho iyathathwa ize ithunyelwe ngomatshini okhethekileyo. Lo matshini uhluza kwaye wahlule kuphela iiseli ze-stem egazini.
- Emva kokuba iiseli ze-stem zahlulwe, igazi eliseleyo libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho nge-cannula ekwelinye ingalo yakho.
Le nkqubo yonke ithatha malunga neeyure ezi-4-6 ngosuku. Kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezi-3-4 ukuqokelela ubungakanani beeseli ezisisiseko ezidingwa sisigulana. Ngeli xesha, ukhululekile ukufunda iincwadi nokusebenzisa ifowuni yakho.
Zithini iingenelo kunye neengozi zoku?
Eyona nzuzo iphambili nekuphela kwayo yokunikela ngeeseli ze-stem kukuba usindisa ubomi bomnye umntu. Loo mntu usenokuba ngumntakwenu, okanye umntu ongazange umbone. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, unika loo mntu ithuba lesibini lokuchacha kwisifo esibi. Loo mvakalelo ingenakuthelekiswa nanto.
Ngokuphathelele iingozi, ziphantsi kakhulu. Inkqubo yokunikela ikhuselekile kakhulu. Oku akunyusi umngcipheko wakho wokufumana izifo ezinxulumene negazi okanye umhlaza kwixesha elizayo. Umzimba wakho uvuselela ngokukhawuleza iiseli ezinikelweyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukunikela ngeeseli zegazi sisenzo esikhuselekileyo nesihloniphekileyo esinokusindisa ubomi bomntu onezifo ezinzulu ezifana nomhlaza wegazi.
- Inyathelo lokuqala lokubhalisa njengomnikeli (uvavanyo lwe-HLA) lilula kakhulu. Okufunekayo kuphela sisampulu encinci yeeseli ezithathwe esidleleni.
- Inkqubo yokunikela ifana nokunikela ngeeplatelet, kwaye umngcipheko kulowo unikelayo uphantsi kakhulu.
- Umzimba wakho uza kuphinda uvelise iiseli ezizii-stem ezinikelweyo ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuba usempilweni, cinga ngokuba ngumnikeli. Unganika umntu isipho esixabisekileyo anaso, ubomi. Ukuba ungathanda ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga noku, thetha nogqirha wakho.
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