Sonke sinegazi emizimbeni yethu, kodwa ubusazi na ukuba igazi alifani lonke? Usenokuba ukhe weva umntu esithi, 'Uhlobo lwegazi lam lu-O' okanye 'Uyena/yena akanayo i-B'. Luyintoni kanye kanye uhlobo lwegazi? Kutheni lubaluleke kangaka ngamaxesha kaxakeka, njengokukhulelwa? Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, loluphi uhlobo lwegazi?
Uhlobo lwegazi luhlelo olunceda oogqirha ukuba bagqibe ukuba igazi lakho liyahambelana na negazi lomnye umntu. Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zegazi: u-A, u-B, u-AB, kunye no-O.
Kodwa ibali alipheli apho. Bakwajonga ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zineproteni ekhethekileyo na. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Rh factor . Ukuba le Rh factor ikhona egazini lakho, uhlobo lwegazi lakho lulungile (+) . Ukuba ayikho, ilungile (-) .
Xa ezi zimbini zidityanisiwe, kwakheka iintlobo zegazi ezisi-8 eziqhelekileyo phakathi kwethu:
- I-Positive (A+)
- I-Negative (A-)
- B Ilungile (B+)
- B Negative (B-)
- I-AB positive (AB+)
- I-AB Negative (AB-)
- O elungileyo (O+)
- O negative (O-)
Ukwazi iintlobo zakho zegazi kubalulekile xa umntu efuna utofelo-gazi olungxamisekileyo. Ukudibanisa ezi ntlobo zegazi kubalulekile nakwizinto zokufakelwa amalungu omzimba.
Zifunyanwa njani ezi ntlobo zegazi? Yintoni i-antigen?
Uhlobo lwegazi lakho lumiselwa ziimpawu ezithile kumphezulu weeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Kwizonyango, ezi zimpawu sizibiza ngokuba zii-antigens .
Ngamafutshane, ezi antigens zifana negama eliqhotyoshelwe kwiiseli zakho zegazi. Eli gama lisetyenziswa yinkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela ukuchonga ukuba ezi seli zegazi 'zizimele' okanye 'zingaphandle'.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zee-antigens esizijongayo. Ziyi-'A' kunye ne-'B'. Le nkqubo siyibiza ngokuba yi-ABO system .
| Uhlobo lwegazi | I-antigen kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu zegazi |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo A | Kukho i-antigen enye kuphela ye-A. |
| Uhlobo B | Kukho i-antigen ye-B kuphela. |
| Uhlobo lwe-AB | Kukho zombini ii-antigens ze-A kunye ne-B. |
| Uhlobo O | Akukho antigen A okanye B ekhoyo. |
I-Rh factor esithethe ngayo ngokulandelayo imiselwa kukuba ikhona na i-RhD antigen .
- I-Positive (+): Iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zine-RhD antigen.
- Negative (-): Iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi azinayo i-RhD antigen.
Iindidi zegazi ezine-RhD zezona zixhaphakileyo ehlabathini. I-RhD negative yimeko engaqhelekanga.
Kutheni iindidi zegazi kufuneka zihambelane?
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Khawuthelekelele umntu ofumene ingozi aze aphulukane negazi elininzi. Kufuneka anikwe igazi ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa kufuneka anikwe uhlobo lwegazi oluza kwamkelwa ngumzimba wakhe 'njengelakhe'.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba unika uhlobo lwegazi olungahambelaniyo?
Ngamafutshane, ukuba igazi eline-antigen engaziwayo (igama elichaziweyo) lingena emzimbeni wakho, inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba icinga ukuba lutshaba ize iqalise ukuyihlasela. Le yindlela eyingozi kakhulu, esongela ubomi. Yiyo loo nto ukulinganisa uhlobo lwegazi kuyimfuneko xa unikela ngegazi.
Nantsi indlela iindidi zegazi ezihambelana ngayo:
| Uhlobo lwegazi lakho (umamkeli) | Abantu onokufumana kubo igazi (abanikeli) |
|---|---|
| A+ | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| A- | A-, O- |
| B+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| B- | B-, O- |
| AB+ (Ophumeleleyo kwiYunivesithi) | Naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi lunokufunyanwa. |
| AB- | AB-, A-, B-, O- |
| O+ | O+, O- |
| O- (Umnikeli wehlabathi) | Kuphela igazi lohlobo O elinokufunyanwa. |
'UMnikeli weHlabathi', apho wonke umntu anokunikela ngegazi
Igazi le-Type O negative (O-) libizwa ngokuba 'ngumnikeli wendalo yonke'. Oku kungenxa yokuba iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ze-O- azinazo ii-antigens ezinkulu, ezifana ne-A, B, okanye i-RhD, kwaye zinokunikwa umntu onesifo sohlobo lwegazi ngaphandle kokubangela impendulo. Kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, xa kungekho xesha lokufumanisa uhlobo lwegazi lomguli, oogqirha basebenzisa kakhulu i-O- blood.
'Umntu ofumana igazi' angafumana igazi kuye nabani na
Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi olune-AB (AB+) babizwa ngokuba 'ngabamkeli begazi abaqhelekileyo'. Oku kuthetha ukuba banokufumana igazi kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi. Oku kungenxa yokuba igazi labo liqulethe zonke ii-antigens ezintathu, u-A, u-B, kunye no-RhD, ngoko ke umzimba wabo awuboni naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi oluvela ngaphandle 'njengolwasemzini'.
Uhlobo lwegazi luchaphazela njani ukukhulelwa?
Le yinto ebalulekileyo koomama abaninzi. Ingakumbi, ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lukamama aluna-Rh (-) kwaye uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana lune-Rh (+), ezinye iingxaki zinokubakho.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba umntwana ufumana i-Rh positive gene kuyise. Emva koko igazi lomntwana li-Rh positive. Kodwa umama akanayo i-Rh positive. Ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokubeleka, elinye igazi lomntwana linokudibana negazi likamama. Emva koko umzimba kamama uyazazi iiseli zegazi zomntwana ezine-Rh positive 'njengezasemzini' aze azihlasele.Ii-antibodies ziqala ukuveliswa.
Oku kusenokungabi nampembelelo ingako ekukhulelweni kokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana olandelayo okhulelweyo naye une-Rh positive, ii-antibodies ezenziwe ngumzimba kamama ngaphambili zinokuhlasela iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zomntwana.
Kodwa akukho sizathu sokoyika! Ngoku kukho unyango oluhle kakhulu loku. Xa ufumanisa ukuba ukhulelwe, olunye lovavanyo lokuqala oluza kwenziwa ngugqirha wakho kukujonga uhlobo lwegazi lakho kunye ne-Rh factor. Ukuba awunayo i-Rh, uza kunikwa isitofu esibizwa ngokuba yi-Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Esi sitofu sithintela umzimba kamama ekwenzeni ii-antibodies ezichasene negazi lomntwana.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo zegazi ezingaqhelekanga?
Ewe. Ukongeza kwiinkqubo ze-ABO kunye ne-Rh esizixubushileyo, kunokubakho ezinye ii-antigens ezingaphezu kwama-600 kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Kukho ezinye iinkqubo zokwahlulwa kwegazi ezingaphezu kwama-30 ezisekelwe kwezi.
I-Rh-null yenye yezona ntlobo zegazi zinqabileyo ehlabathini. Olu hlobo lwegazi alunazo ii-antigens ezinxulumene nenkqubo ye-Rh. Kunqabile kangangokuba abantu abangaphantsi kwama-50 emhlabeni baye baxelwa ukuba banalo olu hlobo lwegazi. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba 'ligazi legolide'.
Ulazi njani uhlobo lwegazi lakho?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumanisa.
- Buza ugqirha wakho: Uhlobo lwegazi lakho lusenokuba lubhalwe kwiingxelo zovavanyo lwangaphambili owalwenzayo.
- Nikela ngegazi: Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo nexabisekileyo. Xa unikela ngegazi, ibhanki yegazi iya kuvavanya uhlobo lwegazi lakho ize ikunike ikhadi. Ngalo, ungalwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho kwaye usindise ubomi bomntu.
- Fumana uvavanyo lwezonyango: Ungacela ugqirha wakho ukuba akunike isampuli yegazi aze ahlole uhlobo lwegazi lakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho kunokukunceda usindise ubomi bakho xa kuvela imeko engxamisekileyo.
- Uhlobo lwegazi olune-O negative (O-) 'ngumnikeli wegazi oqhelekileyo' kwaye unokunikela ngegazi kuye nabani na. Uhlobo lwegazi olune-AB positive (AB+) 'lungumamkeli wegazi oqhelekileyo' kwaye lunokufumana igazi kuye nabani na.
- Ukuba ukhulelwe, ingakumbi ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lakho aluna-Rh (-), qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngalo mba. Akukho nto inokubangela ukuba ukhathazeke ngayo, zonke iindlela zonyango ezifunekayo ziyafumaneka ngoku.
- Ukunikela ngegazi yindlela entle yokusindisa ubomi bomntu, kwaye yindlela entle yokufumanisa uhlobo lwegazi lakho.
- Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga neentlobo zegazi, ungaze ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho wosapho.
💬 Comments (0)
Akukho zimvo zithunyelweyo okwangoku. Faka uluvo lwakho apha okokuqala.
Faka uluvo lwakho