Umzimba wethu ufana nesixeko esikhulu esineendlela ezininzi. Kukule ndlela apho izithuthi ezibizwa ngokuba ligazi zihamba khona. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomthambo okhethekileyo odlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kule ntshukumo yegazi, usebenza njenge-main junction. Usenokuba awukaze uve ngeli gama, kodwa yiBrachiocephalic Vein . Ngamanye amaxesha ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Innominate Vein)`.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iBrachiocephalic Vein?
Le yinxalenye yenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi kwinxalenye ephezulu yomzimba wethu, esifubeni esiphezulu. "Yimithambo edibeneyo," oko kuthetha ukuba ikhona kumacala omabini omzimba wethu ngasekunene nangasekhohlo.
- Umthambo wasekunene we-brachiocephalic
- Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wasekhohlo
Umsebenzi ophambili wale mithambo mibini kukubuyisela igazi elingcolileyo (elingenawo umoya-mpilo) elivela entlokweni, entanyeni nasezingalweni zethu entliziyweni . Lifana nombhobho oyintloko oqokelela igazi elisetyenzisiweyo elivela kwinxalenye ephezulu yomzimba wethu uze ulibuyisele entliziyweni.
Isebenza njani kanye kanye le vein?
Khawucinge ngenkqubo enkulu yamanzi. Ukuba inxalenye yayo yaphukile, yonke inkqubo ayizukusebenza, akunjalo? Yiyo le indlela inkqubo yemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu esebenza ngayo. Yonke imithambo idibene ukunceda igazi lihambe kakuhle.
Apha, imithambo yethu emibini ye-brachiocephalic iyadibana ukuze yenze umthambo omkhulu ngakumbi obizwa ngokuba yiSuperior Vena Cava . Lo ngumthambo oyintloko ongaphezulu kwentliziyo yethu. Uthwala igazi ngqo kwi-atrium yasekunene yentliziyo.
Ukusuka apho, igazi lidlula kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo lize liye emiphungeni ukuze lithathe ioksijini. Igazi elineoksijini libuyela entliziyweni lize limpompelwe emzimbeni wonke ngecala lasekhohlo lentliziyo.
Oko kuthetha ukuba, ukuze sithumele igazi elicocekileyo emzimbeni wethu wonke, igazi elingcolileyo kufuneka liqokelelwe yintliziyo kuqala. Inyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu kuloo nkqubo yokuqokelelwa lenzeka kule mithambo ye-brachiocephalic.
Iphi le mthambo? Yenziwe njani?
Lo mthambo ubekwe esifubeni sethu, ngaphantsi nje kwe-collarbone (clavicle), unzulu kancinci. Ukuba sithetha ngqo, awukude kakhulu emagxeni ethu.
- Umthambo weBrachiocephalic wasekunene: Uqala apho umthambo we-subclavian wasekunene udibana khona nomthambo we-jugular wangaphakathi wasekunene.
- Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wasekhohlo: Uqala kwindawo apho umthambo we-subclavian wasekhohlo udibana khona nomthambo we-jugular wangaphakathi wasekhohlo.
Ubume nobude bezi zimbini zahlukile kancinci. Eyasekunene imfutshane, malunga neesentimitha ezi-2-3 ubude. Ihla ngqo, isiya entliziyweni. Kodwa ekhohlo inde, malunga neesentimitha ezi-6. Yenza isangqa esincinci, iphume ngokuthe tye, ize idibanise neyasekunene. I-Superior Vena Cava iqala apho ezi zimbini zidibana khona.
| Icandelo lomthambo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Umthambo weBrachiocephalic wasekunene | Mfutshane (2-3 cm). Uqonde ngqo ezantsi. |
| Umthambo weBrachiocephalic wasekhohlo | Ubude (6 cm). Ibaleka ngokuthe tye ize idibane nomthambo osekunene. |
Yintoni engaphakathi kweli thambo?
Njengeminye imithambo yegazi, le yenziwe ngeengqimba ezintathu zezicubu.
1. I-Tunica Adventitia: Le yilaphu engaphandle. Inika umthambo imo namandla awo.
2. I-Tunica Media: Le yingqimba ephakathi. Iiseli zemisipha ezigudileyo kule ngqimba zivumela umthambo ukuba ukhule kwaye unciphe njengoko igazi lihamba.
3. I-Tunica Intima: Le yilaphu elingaphakathi. Igudile kakhulu, ngoko ke igazi linokugeleza lula ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Kodwa into ekhethekileyo kukuba imithambo ye-brachiocephalic ayinazo iivalvu ezifumaneka kwimithambo emininzi emzimbeni wethu.
Ziziphi iingxaki kunye neemeko ezichaphazela lo mthambo?
Ngokubanzi, iingxaki ezinkulu ngalo mthambo azixhaphakanga, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, iimeko ezithile zinokuvela.
| Imeko | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Iingxaki zeCatheter yeVenous Central | Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bafaka umbhobho omncinci kulo mthambo ukuze banike amayeza okanye ulwelo emzimbeni. Oku akunakubangela ukuba umthambo ugqobhoke okanye igazi lijijeke (Deep Vein Thrombosis). |
| Ukuncitshiswa komthambo (i-Stenosis) | Ezinye iinkqubo zonyango, ezinje ngonyango lwe-dialysis kwizigulana zezintso, zinokubangela ukuba lo mthambo unciphe. |
| Iithumba | Ezinye iithumba esifubeni zinokucinezela lo mthambo kwaye zivale ukuhamba kwegazi. Ezi zinokuba ziithumba ezisasazeke kwezinye iindawo, njengomhlaza webele. |
Ukwahluka koBume
Abanye abantu bazalwa benotshintsho oluncinci kule vein. Olu tshintsho lwenzeka malunga ne-1 kwiintsana ezingama-250. Utshintsho oluqhelekileyo kukuba umthambo we-brachiocephalic wasekhohlo udlula phantsi kwe-aortic arch endaweni yokuba udlule phezu kwawo.
Olu tshintsho lodwa alunabungozi. Nangona kunjalo, olu tshintsho ludla ngokubonakala kwiintsana ezinesifo sentliziyo sokuzalwa. Umzekelo:
- I-Tetralogy yeFallot
- Iziphene ze-Atrial Septal
Kubalulekile ukuba oogqirha bazi ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho olunjalo ngexesha lotyando oluthile, njengokufakelwa isixhobo sokuncedisa umgudu wokutyala. Ngoko ke, bayakujonga oku ngokwenza izinto ezifana ne-CT okanye i-MRI scan ngaphambi kotyando.
Ngoko ke, singawugcina njani lo mthambo usempilweni?
Akukho mfuneko yokwenza nantoni na ekhethekileyo ngenxa yalo mthambo kuphela. Izinto ezifanayo esizenzayo ukugcina intliziyo yethu kunye nenkqubo yonke yemithambo yegazi iphilile zibalulekile nakule nto.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo. Ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwimithambo yegazi yethu.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi. Ukufumana ulwelo olufanelekileyo emzimbeni kubaluleke kakhulu ekujikelezeni kwegazi.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo. Nciphisa ioyile, ityuwa, neswekile kwaye utye imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo. Oku kunokunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-cholesterol, kunye nobunzima bomzimba.
- Zilolonge. Hamba imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki. Kodwa thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale inkqubo entsha yokuzilolonga.Sukulibala.
- Musa ukuhlala kwindawo efanayo ixesha elide. Hamba-hamba kancinci imini yonke. Oku kunceda igazi lihambe emzimbeni wonke.
Ngokulandela le mikhwa, ungagcina kungekuphela nje umthambo wakho we-brachiocephalic, kodwa nomzimba wakho wonke uphilile.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Brachiocephalic Vein yimithambo emibini emikhulu ekwinxalenye ephezulu yesifuba sethu.
- Umsebenzi wazo oyintloko kukubuyisela igazi eliphelelwe yioksijini elivela entlokweni, entanyeni, nasezingalweni libuyele entliziyweni.
- Le mithambo mibini iyadibana ukuze yenze iSuperior Vena Cava, umthambo oyintloko othwala igazi uye entliziyweni.
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo yentliziyo, ungagcina yonke inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi, kuquka nale mithambo, isempilweni.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga noku okanye nayiphi na enye ingxaki yempilo, nceda udibane nogqirha wakho ukuze akunike iingcebiso .
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