Ukopha kwegazi ngaphakathi kwentloko: Masithethe ngale meko iyingozi ngokulula

Ngaba wakha weva ngomntu ongeniswe esibhedlele ngequbuliso ngenxa yokuba "ebene-brain hemorrhage"? Mhlawumbi kwenzeke kwilungu losapho okanye kumhlobo wakho. Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, ukungaziva kwelinye icala lomzimba, ukungakwazi ukuthetha... akukwenzi ukhathazeke xa usiva ezi zinto? Yintoni kanye kanye i-intracranial hemorrhage? Kutheni iyingozi kangaka? Masithethe ngayo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni nje ukopha kwegazi ebuchotsheni?

Cinga ngengqondo yakho njengekhompyutha ephambili emzimbeni wakho. Le khompyutha ifuna ioksijini kunye nezondlo ukuze isebenze ngokuqhubekayo. Ezi zinto zinikezelwa engqondweni ngenethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emincinci. Khawucinge nje ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba enye yale mithambo yegazi iqhuma ngequbuliso, okanye ukuba igqobhoka ize iqalise ukuvuza igazi?

Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba kukuphuma kwegazi engqondweni . Olu luhlobo lwestroke.

Ikhaka lethu lifana nebhokisi evaliweyo. Isithuba esingaphakathi kulo sincinci. Ngoko ke xa igazi liphuma emthanjeni wegazi, elo gazi liqokelelana ngaphakathi kwekhaka lize liqalise ukucinezela ingqondo. Ngenxa yolu xinzelelo, iiseli zengqondo azifumani ioksijini kunye nesondlo ezisidingayo, kwaye ezo seli ziqala ukufa. Ngaphandle kweoksijini, iiseli zengqondo zinokuphila ixesha elifutshane kakhulu, malunga nemizuzu emithathu ukuya kwemine. Ke ngoko, le yimeko enzima efuna unyango olungxamisekileyo kwaye inokuba yingozi ebomini.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokopha engqondweni?

Ewe, oku kuphuma kwegazi kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube ziintlobo ezininzi eziphambili kuxhomekeke kwindawo okwenzeka kuyo. Ukwazi indawo echanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba oogqirha banyange.

Ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale sijonge ulwakhiwo lobuchopho. Ingqondo yethu ayinamathelanga ngqo kwikhakayi. Kukho iileya ezintathu zee-membrane phakathi kwezi zimbini zokuzikhusela. Ngokwezonyango sizibiza ngokuba zii-meninges. Kufana netswele elineeleya ezininzi zesikhumba. Oku kuphuma kwegazi kunokwenzeka ngaphakathi kwizicubu zobuchopho ngokwazo, okanye kunokwenzeka phakathi kwezi leya zee-membrane.

Ungafumana umbono ocacileyo malunga nezi ntlobo kwitheyibhile engezantsi.

Zithini iimpawu zale meko?

Iimpawu zokopha ebuchotsheni zinokuvela ngequbuliso. Zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo nendawo yokopha. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele ngokukhawuleza .

Ukuba ufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, kufuneka kuthathwe njengengxamiseko.

• Ukuba ndindisholo ngequbuliso, ubuthathaka, okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo (ukukhubazeka) kobuso, ingalo, okanye umlenze, ingakumbi kwelinye icala lomzimba.
• Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ukudideka.
• Isiyezi.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha, ukuthintitha (intetho engacacanga).
• Ukulala kakhulu, ukungabi namandla.
• Ubunzima bokuginya.
• Utshintsho embonweni, ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso.
• Intamo eqinileyo.
• Ubunzima bokujonga ukukhanya.
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi emzimbeni.
• Ukungaqheleki kwindlela yokuphefumla kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, akufuneki uchithe xesha kwaye umse kwangoko kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele.

Zithini izizathu eziphambili zokuphuma kwegazi ebuchotsheni?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba umthambo wegazi engqondweni uqhume okanye uvuza.

• Ukwenzakala entloko: Unobangela omkhulu kukubetheka kakhulu entloko, njengokuwa, ingozi yemoto, okanye ingozi yezemidlalo.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulwayo ngokuhamba kwexesha luyenza buthathaka imibhobho yegazi ebuthathaka engqondweni, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iqhume lula.
• I-Cerebral aneurysm: Indawo ebuthathaka eludongeni lomthambo wegazi inokudumba njengebhaluni ize iqhume ngequbuliso.
• I-atherosclerosis: Le ngozi iyanda njengoko amafutha agcinwe eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi eqina.
• Ukungaqheleki kwimithambo yegazi: Ezinye iimeko zokuzalwa, ezifana nokukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi (ii-AVM), apho imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yegazi zidibene ngendlela engaqhelekanga, zinokubangela ukopha.
• Iithumba zobuchopho: Iithumba zobuchopho zingabangela ukopha ngokucinezela okanye ukonakalisa imithambo yegazi ekufutshane.
• Izinto zokunciphisa igazi/i-Anticoagulants: La mayeza, asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, ngamanye amaxesha anokunyusa umngcipheko wokopha.
• Ukutshaya nokusebenzisa iziyobisi.

Ifunyanwa njani le meko kwaye inyangwa njani?

Xa ungeniswe esibhedlele, into yokuqala eyenziwa ngoogqirha kukuvavanya imeko yakho ngokukhawuleza. Bajonga iimpawu zakho, ingqondo yakho, kunye neentshukumo zomzimba wakho.

Emva koko, uza kuthunyelwa kuvavanyo lwemifanekiso ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho na ukopha, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, apho kukhoyo, kwaye likhulu kangakanani.

• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Oku kungathatha umfanekiso wobuchopho ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuhlolwe ukopha. Oku kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
• I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha ezithe vetshe yobuchopho.

Emva kwezi mvavanyo, unyango luya kugqitywa ngokusekwe kwimeko yakho. Kukho iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili zonyango:

1. Ukuyeka ukopha.

2. Nciphisa uxinzelelo engqondweni kwaye uthintele umonakalo ongakumbi.

Iindlela zonyango

Iindlela zonyango zinokwahluka ngokwesigulana ngasinye.

• Utyando: Kwezinye iimeko, utyando lunokufuneka ukuze kususwe igazi eliqokelelweyo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo engqondweni. Oku kunokubandakanya ukwenza umngxuma omncinci ekhayeni ukuze kukhutshwe igazi (ukuthomalalisa uxinzelelo) okanye ukususa okwethutyana inxalenye encinci ekhayeni ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo (craniotomy).
• Amayeza:
• Amayeza okulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Amayeza okunciphisa ukudumba kwengqondo.
• Amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula.
• Izibulali-ntlungu.

Emva konyango, abantu abaninzi badinga ukulungiswa ukuze babuyele esiqhelweni. Oku kuquka izinto ezifana nonyango lomzimba, unyango lokuthetha, kunye nonyango lomsebenzi.

Ngaba singayinciphisa le ngozi?

Ewe, ngenene. Nangona singenakukwazi ukulawula ezinye zezizathu zokuphuma kwegazi ebuchotsheni (umz., iimeko zokuzalwa), zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

• Gcina uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphantsi kolawulo. Ukuba unesifo soxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, thatha amayeza anikwe ngugqirha wakho ngexesha.
• Lawula amanqanaba e-cholesterol.
• Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngoko nangoko.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo nokunokulinganisela.
• Zilolonge rhoqo.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile, lawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho kakuhle.
• Zikhusele kwiingozi. Nxiba isigcina-ntloko xa ukhwela iibhayisekile kunye neebhayisekile. Nxiba ibhanti yesihlalo xa ukhwela iimoto.

Olu tshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo aluyi kunciphisa nje umngcipheko westroke, kodwa luya kukunceda nasekukhuseleni kwizifo zentliziyo nezinye izifo ezininzi ezingosuleliyo.