Ngaba wakha weva umntu esithi 'unenxeba lobuchopho' okanye 'inxeba lobuchopho'? Mhlawumbi wakha weva ugqirha esitsho oko ngelixa ejonge ingxelo evela kumhlobo. Ngoko ke usenokuba nombuzo malunga nokuba yintoni 'inxeba lobuchopho'. Ngamafutshane, le yindawo apho izicubu zobuchopho zonakaliswe ngandlela thile. Lo monakalo unokuba ngenxa yengozi entloko, okanye ngenxa yesifo okanye imeko ethile. Umzekelo, istroke yimeko eyonakalisa ingqondo, oko kukuthi, ebangela inxeba lobuchopho.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngalo monakalo wengqondo?
Khawuthelekelele ukuba ingqondo yethu ifana neziko lonxibelelwano eliphambili elizweni. Yonke into emzimbeni iyalawulwa, lonke ulwazi luhamba lubuya ngapha nangapha ngeli ziko. Olu nxibelelwano lwenzeka ngemiqondiso yombane neyekhemikhali. Khawuthelekelele, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ucingo luqhekeka kwindawo enye kweli ziko, okanye ukuba kukho uhlobo oluthile lokuvaleka? Kwenzeka into efanayo xa inxalenye yengqondo yonakele. Unxibelelwano kuloo ndawo yonakeleyo luphazamiseka. Njengoko umonakalo usiba mkhulu, olu thintelo nalo luyanda. Yingakho iimpawu zonke, umzekelo, ukulahlekelwa yimvakalelo yomzimba, utshintsho ekubonweni, kunye nentetho engaqondakaliyo, zisenzeka.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho zilawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho umonakalo wenzeka khona. Ugqirha uza kumamela iimpawu zakho aze aqikelele ukuba ingxaki iphi engqondweni.
Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho kunye neempawu zomonakalo
Makhe sijonge iimpawu ezenzekayo xa iindawo eziphambili zobuchopho zonakele. Oku kunzima kancinci, kodwa ndiza kukuchaza kwitheyibhile efana nale ukuze kube lula ukuyiqonda.
| Indawo yoBuchongo | Imisebenzi eLawulwayo | Iimpawu xa zonakele |
|---|---|---|
| I-Cerebrum - I-Frontal Lobe (ngaphambili kwentloko) | Ukucwangcisa, ingqwalasela, ukufunda, ubuntu, ulawulo lweentshukumo, ukuthetha (ukwakheka kwamagama) | - Ubunzima bokufunda - Iingxaki zokuqwalaselwa - Ukucaphuka, utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha - Ukuthintitha, ubunzima bokuthetha (Broca's Aphasia) - Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo kwicala elinye okanye inxalenye yomzimba - Ukulahlekelwa yivumba (i-Anosmia) |
| I-Cerebrum - I-Temporal Lobe (Kumacala omabini entloko) | Ukuqonda ukumamela, inkumbulo, ukuqonda ulwimi | - Ubunzima bokuqonda okuthethwayo (i-Wernicke's Aphasia) - Iingxaki zokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo oko kuviwayo |
| I-Cerebrum - I-Parietal Lobe (Phezulu kwentloko) | Imizwa efana nokuchukumisa, iintlungu, ubushushu, ubuchule bezibalo, ukubhala | - Ukuba ndindisholo kwamalungu omzimba (kodwa oku kudla ngokuba yingxaki yemithambo-luvo) - Ukungakwazi ukubhala (i-Agraphia) - Ukungakwazi ukubala (i-Acalculia) - Ukungakwazi ukuqaphela iminwe yakho - Ukutshintsha ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene |
| I-Cerebrum - Occipital Lobe (Ngomva wentloko) | Umbono, ukuqonda oko kubonwayo | - Ukulahlekelwa kukubona ngenxa yengxaki engqondweni, nangona amehlo elungile (ukungaboni kakuhle kwe-cortical) - Ukungakwazi ukubona imibala (i-Achromatopsia) - Ukungakwazi ukubona ubuso (iProsopagnosia) - Ubunzima bokubona into oyibonayo |
| I-Cerebellum (Umva wekhakayi, inxalenye esezantsi) | Ukulinganisela umzimba, ulawulo olufanelekileyo lweentshukumo, intshukumo yamehlo | - Ubunzima bokulawula iintshukumo zemisipha xa uthetha (iDysarthria) - Isiyezi - Ukukhubazeka komzimba - Iingxolo - Ukubona izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye (Diplopia) |
| Isiseko sengqondo (Inxalenye edibanisa ubuchopho nomqolo) | Ukuphefumla, isantya sentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukugcina ingqondo iphaphile | - Iingxaki zokuphefumla kunye nesantya sentliziyo - Utshintsho kuxinzelelo lwegazi - Ubunzima bokugcina amehlo akho egxile - Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo okanye yi-coma |
Yintoni ebangela olu hlobo lomonakalo engqondweni?
Zininzi izizathu ezinokubangela ukuba ingqondo yonakale. Masizihlukanise zibe ngamacandelo amabini.
Ngenxa yeemeko zempilo
- Ii-Stroke okanye ii-Transient Ischemic Attacks (ii-TIA).
- Iithumba zobuchopho zinokuba ngumhlaza okanye zibe yingozi.
- Izifo zomzimba ezifana neMultiple Sclerosis (MS) .
- Izifo ezinxulumene nokwaluphala, ezifana nesifo sika-Alzheimer kunye nesifo sikaParkinson .
- Isifo sokuwa kunye nokuxhuzula.
- Usulelo lobuchopho olubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezincinci ezifana neebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye nefungi.
- Ezinye iimeko zokuzalwa.
Ngenxa yezizathu zangaphandle kunye neengozi
- Ukulimala entloko, ingakumbi ukuxhuzula ingqondo kunye nokwenzakala okubuhlungu kakhulu engqondweni.
- Njengesiphumo esingesihle sotyando oluthile, unyango lwemitha, okanye i-chemotherapy.
- Ukungenisa iityhefu ezifana neentsimbi ezinzima.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le meko?
Ngokwesiqhelo, emva kokuba ugqirha ephulaphule iimpawu zakho, uya kwenza uvavanyo lwemithambo-luvo. Oku kuya kuvavanya amandla engalo nemilenze yakho, amandla okusabela, kunye nokuziva (nokuba kukho into onokuyiva).
Kuphela emva kolu vavanyo apho baya kuthunyelwa khona kwiiskeni ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho umonakalo engqondweni na.
- Iskeni se-CT (Computed Tomography)
- Iskeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
- Iskeni sePET (Positron Emission Tomography)
Ezi zezona ntlobo zeskeni zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ngokweenkcukacha ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo ekufuneka uzenze kunye nesizathu sazo.
Iphathwa njani?
Zininzi izinto ezibangela umonakalo engqondweni, kwaye unyango luyahluka. Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu esiyintloko somonakalo.
- Ngamanye amaxesha, into efana nokuxhuzula kancinci iya kuphola ngokwayo xa uphumle ngokwaneleyo.
- Ukuba kungenxa yosulelo, lunokunyangelwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
- Ukuba sisimila sobuchopho, kunokwenzeka ukuba sisisuswe ngotyando, kuxhomekeke kwindawo esikuyo.
- Ezinye izilonda zincinci kangangokuba azibangeli zimpawu, ngoko ke azidingi nyango.
Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ukuba umonakalo engqondweni unzima okanye ubangelwa sisifo esinganyangekiyo njenge-Alzheimer's, kunzima ukuwubuyisela umva umonakalo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango olungcono kuwe.
Ngaba iimeko ezinje zinokuthintelwa?
Singakuthintela ukwenzakala kwengqondo ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, ingakumbi iingozi nezinto ezinxulumene nendlela esiphila ngayo.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo. Istroke sesona sizathu siphambili somonakalo wengqondo. Ukutya okunempilo kunokunceda ukunciphisa loo mngcipheko ngokugcina imithambo yegazi yakho isempilweni.
- Hlala usempilweni kwaye ugcine ubunzima bakho busempilweni. Ukuzilolonga nokulawula ubunzima bakho kunokunceda ekuthinteleni iimeko ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
- Nxiba izixhobo zokhuseleko. Ukunxiba isigcina-ntloko kuyimfuneko xa ukhwela ibhayisekile okanye ibhayisekile. Ukunxiba ibhanti yesihlalo xa ukhwela imoto kunokuba yindlela yokusindisa ubomi. Ezi zinto zikukhusela ekulimaleni entloko.
- Lawula kakuhle izifo zakho ezingapheliyo. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu onesifo sokuwa uthatha amayeza akhe njengoko ugqirha wakhe emxelele aze alawule ukuwa kwakhe, unokunciphisa umonakalo engqondweni.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha ngoko nangoko?
Ukonakala kwengqondo yimeko engxamisekileyo esongela ubomi. Istroke yimeko engxamisekileyo efuna ingqalelo ekhawulezileyo. Ukuba umntu osondeleyo kuwe ubonisa iimpawu zestroke (umz., umlomo ugobile ecaleni, ukungathethi kakuhle, intetho engavakaliyo), mse kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
Ukongeza, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko ukuba unezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, enganyamezelekiyo, neyandiba buhlungu ngakumbi.
- Utshintsho lombono olungachazwanga (ukubona kabini, ukufiphala, ukubona izibane phambi kwamehlo).
- Ukuxhuzula okuhlala imizuzu engaphezu kwemi-5 okanye ukuxhuzula izihlandlo ezininzi ngokulandelelana.
- Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, isicaphucaphu, okanye intloko ebuhlungu emva kokubethwa entloko okanye emzimbeni.
- Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela umntu aziphethe ngayo okanye acinga ngayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isilonda sobuchopho yindawo apho izicwili zobuchopho zonakele khona.
- Iimpawu zixhomekeke ekubeni kwenzeke phi umonakalo engqondweni.
- Zininzi izinto ezibangela oku, kuquka iingozi, isifo sohlangothi, usulelo, kunye nezifo ezifana ne-Alzheimer's.
- Uvavanyo olufana ne-MRI kunye ne-CT scans zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa oku.
- Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu somonakalo. Ezinye ziyanyangeka, ngelixa ezinye zinganyangeki.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, utshintsho embonweni, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, okanye ukuxhuzula, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
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