Ngaba ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-45? Xa usiva ngomhlaza webele, ngaba ukhe ucinge, "Owu... sisifo somntu omdala?" Liyinyaniso elokuba esi sifo sidla ngokufunyaniswa kubasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba abafazi abancinci abasengozini. Ngamanye amaxesha, abafazi abancinci abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-18 nengama-45 nabo banokuba nomhlaza webele. Ngoko ke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi oku ngaphandle kokoyika. Masithethe ngale nto ngendlela enobuhlobo namhlanje.
Yintoni umhlaza webele owenzeka ebuntwaneni?
Ngamafutshane, ukuba umfazi ufunyaniswa enomhlaza webele phakathi kweminyaka eli-18 nengama-45 ubudala, siwubiza ngokuba ngumhlaza webele oqala kwangethuba. Umhlaza webele unokukhula nangaliphi na ixesha. Nangona ungaqhelekanga, unokubakho nakubasetyhini abaselula.
Yintoni ekhethekileyo ngomhlaza kumntu oselula?
Xa umntu oselula efumana umhlaza webele, unokwahluka kancinci kunoko kwenzeka kumntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwama-45 ubudala. Nazi ezinye zezizathu.
- Ingabonwa kade: Uninzi lovavanyo lomhlaza webele, olufana ne-mammograms, ludla ngokucetyiswa emva kweminyaka engama-40. Ngoko ke nokuba umntu oselula uneempawu, usenokungazinaki, ecinga ukuba, "Oku akuyonto imbi." Oku kunokubangela ukuba umhlaza ubonwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu, xa sele ukhulile.
- Isenokuba nolaka ngakumbi: Ezinye izifundo zifumanise ukuba, ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zeeseli zomhlaza (iimpawu zethumba), abafazi abancinci banokuba nomhlaza okhula ngokukhawuleza nodlamkileyo ngakumbi . Ke ngoko, kunokuba nzima ukunyanga.
Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza webele ezixhaphakileyo kubantu abaselula?
Nangona naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaza webele lunokukhula kumntu oselula, ezi ntlobo zimbini zixhaphake kakhulu.
- I-Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamabele olubonwa kubasetyhini banoma luphi na ubudala.
- Umhlaza Webele Oneempembelelo Ezithathu: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga nolunzima ukulunyanga.
Ziziphi iimpawu ezibonakala ebuntwaneni?
Iimpawu azitshintshi ngokukhula. Iimpawu ezifanayo zomhlaza wamabele ezifunyanwa ngabanye abantu ziqhelekile nakubantu abancinci. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi naluphi na utshintsho oluvela emabeleni akho .
Akukho mntu wazi umzimba wakho ngaphezu kwakho, ngoko ke musa ukulibala nokuba lutshintsho luncinci olubonayo.
Qaphela ezi mpawu.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Iqhuma elisesifubeni okanye ekhwapheni | Into ebanjwe esandleni, njengeqhubu okanye iqhubu elalingekho ngaphambili. |
| Intlungu yebele (iMastalgia) | Intlungu engapheliyo, ehlala ihleli (eyahlukileyo kwintlungu yokuya exesheni) |
| Utshintsho lolusu | Ubomvu besikhumba, ukufiphala okufana nexolo leorenji, amabala esikhumba okanye irhashalala . |
| Ingono Eguqulweyo | Ingono eyayiqhelekile ngaphambili ibonakala ngathi ijike yangena ngaphakathi. |
| Ukukhupha ingono | Ukuphuma kwamanzi (ingakumbi igazi) kwingono yomama ongancancisiyo. |
| Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo | Ukudumba okufana namaqhuma emakhwapheni okanye entanyeni. |
| Ukutyeba okanye ukudumba kwamabele | Inxalenye enye yebele ityebile okanye idumbile kunenye. |
Kutheni umhlaza webele ukhula usemncinci kangaka?
Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo . Khawuthelekelele ukuba imizimba yethu inezakhi zofuzo ezisebenza njenge "brake" ezithintela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba "zizakhi zokuthintela ithumba". ``BRCA1`` kunye ``BRCA2`` ziizakhi zofuzo ezimbini eziphambili.
Ukuba utshintsho lwenzeka kwezi jini, "ibhuleki" ayisebenzi kakuhle. Emva koko iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zinokwahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo zize zibe ngumhlaza. Malunga nesiqingatha somhlaza wamabele owenzeka kubasetyhini abaselula unxulunyaniswa notshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo ze-'BRCA1` okanye ze-'BRCA2`.
Ukongeza kwezi jini zimbini, utshintsho kwezinye iijini ezininzi ezifana ne-`TP53`, `PTEN`, kunye ne-`PALB2` nazo zinokuchaphazela oku.
Kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wamabele ezikhula kubasetyhini abaselula ezibangelwa zizinto zemfuza. Ezinye zinokwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo, ngaphandle kwembali yosapho.
Zithini izinto ezibangela oku?
Imbali yezonyango yosapho lwakho ibaluleke kakhulu kule nto. Usenokucinga ukuba usengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza webele ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nayo nayiphi na kwezi meko.
| Izinto Ezinobungozi | |
|---|---|
| Indlela imbali yezifo zentsapho echaphazela ngayo | |
| Ukuba nesalamane esafumana umhlaza webele ngaphambi kokuba sifikelele kwiminyaka engama-50. | |
| Ukuba nomhlaza emabeleni omabini. | |
| Umhlaza wesibeleko unokubakho nakweyiphi na iminyaka. | |
| Indoda inomhlaza webele (umhlaza webele wamadoda). | |
| Ukuba nembali yosapho yomhlaza wepancreatic okanye umhlaza weprostate osasazekayo. | |
| Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi | |
| Ukuba notshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olufana ne-'BRCA1' kunye ne-'BRCA2' kuwe okanye kwilungu losapho. | |
| Ndifumene unyango lwe-radiation kwindawo yesifuba ngaphambili. | |
| Ukuba neemeko ezingaphambi komhlaza ezifana ne-'Atypical hyperplasia' okanye i-'Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS)'. | |
Ukuba unembali yosapho olu hlobo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo lwemfuza ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba ngaba unenguqu yemfuza eyonyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza. Ukuba kunjalo, ungathunyelwa kwingcebiso yemfuza ukuze uncede ukulawula loo mngcipheko.
Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?
Nokuba uneminyaka emingaphi, inkqubo yokuxilonga umhlaza webele iyafana.
1. Uvavanyo lwezonyango: Okokuqala, ugqirha uza kuhlola amabele akho.
2. Ukubuza ngeempawu kunye nembali: Uza kubuzwa ngeempawu zakho, imbali yakho yobuqu kunye neyentsapho yakho.
3. Uvavanyo lweMifanekiso: Uvavanyo olufana ne-`(Mammogram)` okanye `(Breast MRI)` lunokwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho ukukhula okungaqhelekanga emabeleni.
4. I-Biopsy: Ukuba kukho indawo ekrokrisayo, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili apho lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu. Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ingaba inomhlaza okanye akunjalo.
Ngaba abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala bafanele bafumane i-mammogram?
Iimammogram azikhuthazwa rhoqo kubafazi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 abasengozini enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unezinye zezinto ezibangela umngcipheko ezidweliswe apha ngasentla, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka engama-40. Musa ukoyika ukuba bakucela ukuba wenze uvavanyo olongezelelweyo. Oku kuya kunceda ekufumaneni umhlaza kwangethuba, ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke (usasazeke) kwezinye iindawo zomzimba . Oku kuya kwandisa amathuba akho okunyangwa nokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo.
Iphathwa njani?
Xa ufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza, wena nogqirha wakho niza kusebenzisana ukuze nigqibe ngesicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomhlaza onawo, kwinqanaba osele usasazeke kulo, kunye nokuba uceba ukuba nabantwana na kwixesha elizayo .
Isicwangciso sonyango singabandakanya enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo:
- Utyando:Utyando lokususa kuphela ithumba elinomhlaza (i-lumpectomy) okanye lonke ibele (i-mastectomy).
- I-Chemotherapy: Unyango lwamayeza atshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango lweMisebe: Ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kusetyenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu.
- Unyango lweeHormone: Amayeza athintela iihomoni ezichaphazela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango Olujoliswe Kuyo: Amayeza ajolise ngqo kwaye ahlasele iiseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze alwe neeseli zomhlaza.
Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zonyango?
Njengomfazi oselula, kufuneka uqaphele ngakumbi oku.
Impembelelo ekuNzala: Unyango olufana ne-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation lunokunciphisa amathuba akho okukhulelwa okunempilo kwixesha elizayo. Ke ngoko, ukuba unethemba lokuba nabantwana, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto kwaye uxoxe ngeendlela zokugcina ukuzala ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango .
Ukongeza, unyango lweehomoni lunokubangela iimpawu ezifana nezo zokuya exesheni (umz., ubushushu, ukungakwazi ukulala). Ukongeza, unyango lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nezi:
- Ixhala okanye ukudakumba
- Iinkxalabo zomfanekiso womzimba
- Ukudinwa ngumhlaza
- Intlungu (Intlungu yomhlaza)
- I-Lymphedema
Kwenzeka njani ukuba umntu aphile kwesi sifo?
Okubalulekileyo apha kungaphezulu kweminyaka yakho, luhlobo lomhlaza onalo kunye nenqanaba owawukulo xa wawufunyaniswa ukuba unesifo.
Ngamafutshane, ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe xa ubekwe emabeleni , izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu liphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-91%. Oko kuthetha ukuba abantu abangama-91 kwabayi-100 baya kube besaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu.
Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane, elo nani liyehla kancinci liye kuma-86%.
Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude ezifana namathambo, isibindi, okanye imiphunga, elo nani liyehla liye kuma-31%.
Musa ukothuka zezi zibalo. Imeko yomntu wonke yahlukile. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nemeko yakho kukuthetha nogqirha wakho we-oncologist.
Uzinyamekela njani?
Ukufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza kunokuba yenye yezona zinto zinzima oza kujongana nazo. Iimvakalelo eziza kuvela, iincoko ezinzima ekufuneka zenziwe, idinga elininzi ekufuneka lenziwe lokubona oogqirha... Ngayo yonke le nto, uya kuba neentsuku ezinzima, emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Kodwa ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, ungadlula kolu hambo.
Khumbula ukuba awuwedwa. Iqela lakho lezonyango liya kuba nawe inyathelo ngalinye. Babuze ngamaqela enkxaso. Ukuthetha nabantu abakhe bajongana nomhlaza besebancinci baza baphila kuwo kunokuba ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla. Amava abo aya kukunika umbono wento onokuyilindela kwixesha elizayo, kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke, ukuziva ukuba unomntu okuqondayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umhlaza webele awusisifo esichaphazela abafazi abadala kuphela, kodwa nabafazi abancinci nabo basengozini.
- Soloko unika ingqalelo emzimbeni wakho, ingakumbi utshintsho olusezifubeni zakho. Ukuba ubona nantoni na, efana neqhuma, intlungu, okanye utshintsho lolusu, musa ukuyityeshela kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Qaphela imbali yomhlaza yentsapho yakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumanisa umngcipheko wakho.
- Ukuba ufunyaniswe unomhlaza kwaye unethemba lokuba nabantwana, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zokugcina ukuzala ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango .
- Awuwedwa kolu hambo. Ungoyiki ukucela uncedo kwiqela lakho lezonyango, kusapho, kubahlobo, nakumaqela enkxaso.
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