Ngaba uhlala ukhwehlela uzele yi-mucus? Ngamanye amaxesha unokucinga ukuba ngumkhuhlane nje oqhelekileyo, kodwa ukuba uyaqhubeka, usenokuba luphawu lwesifo semiphunga esibizwa ngokuba yi-bronchiectasis. Ungakhathazeki, eli gama lisenokuvakala ngathi yinto enkulu, kodwa ukuba uyazi kwaye ulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho, linokulawulwa kakuhle. Masithethe ngayo yonke into ngokulula.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iBronchiectasis?
Cinga ngolu hlobo: sinenkqubo yeetyhubhu ezincinci ezithwala umoya eziya emiphungeni yethu. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba ziindlela zomoya okanye ziibronchi. I-Bronchiectasis yimeko apho ezi ndlela zomoya zonakala kwaye zivuleke ngokusisigxina, njengebhaluni.
Xa lo monakalo usenzeka, la matyhubhu awakwazi ukususa kakuhle i-mucus equlethwe kuyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, imiphunga yomntu ophilileyo ibamba iintsholongwane kunye namasuntswana othuli kwi-mucus ize iwakhohlele. Kodwa kumntu one-bronchiectasis, i-mucus iqokelelana kwimigudu yomoya eyonakeleyo. Iintsholongwane ziqala ukukhula kule mucus iqokeleleneyo. Oku kukhokelela kwiintsholongwane ezihlala zisenzeka kunye nomonakalo ongakumbi kwimiphunga. Ngoko ke, umzimba uyaqhubeka nokukhohlela njengoko uzama ukususa le mucus iqokeleleneyo.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-bronchitis kunye ne-bronchitis?
Abantu abaninzi bayawabhidanisa la magama mabini kuba avakala ngathi afana kancinci. Iimpawu nazo ziyafana kancinci, kukho i-phlegm kunye nokukhwehlela kuzo zombini. Kodwa kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwala magama mabini.
| Uphawu | I-Bronchiectasis | I-Bronchitis |
|---|---|---|
| Uhlobo lomonakalo | Umonakalo ongapheliyo kunye nokwandiswa kweendlela zomoya kwenzeka. | Olu luhlobo lwesifo sokwethutyana kwindlela yokuphefumla. Alubangeli monakalo ongunaphakade. |
| Ubude bexesha | Le yimeko engapheliyo . | Imeko yexesha elifutshane (eqatha) edla ngokuphela kwiiveki ezimbalwa. |
Zithini iimpawu ze-bronchiectasis?
Ezi mpawu azibonakali ngendlela efanayo kuye wonke umntu. Abanye abantu banokuba neempawu ezincinci kakhulu, ngelixa abanye banokuba neempawu ezinzima. Kwakhona, kunokubakho amaxesha okuxolelwa, kulandele amaxesha "okwanda" okanye ukuqaqamba.
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo | |
|---|---|
| Ukukhwehlela rhoqo okune-mucus | Olu luphawu oluphambili. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho ukukhupha okufana nobomvu okumthubi okanye okuluhlaza. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea) | Kunzima ukuphefumla, ingakumbi xa udiniwe. |
| Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lomkhuhlane okanye imiphunga | Ukuxinana kwesifuba kukhula ngokukhawuleza kunabanye. |
| Ukuphefumla (ukubetha umlozi) xa uphefumla | Isandi sivakala emqaleni okanye esifubeni xa ukhupha umoya. |
| Ukukhwehlela igazi (iHemoptysis) | Kusenokuba kukho igazi elincinci okanye mhlawumbi elininzi eliphuma kunye nencindi. |
| Ukugquma iinzipho (ukudumba kweminwe kunye nokugoba kweenzipho) | Uphawu olunokwenzeka ngenxa yamanqanaba aphantsi eoksijini ixesha elide. |
| Iimpawu ezenzekayo xa isifo sisiya sisanda (ukuxakeka) | |
| Ukudinwa kakhulu (Ukudinwa) | Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu. |
| Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda | Uphawu lokuba kukho usulelo emzimbeni. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla obandayo | Ubunzima bokuphefumla ngaphezu kwesiqhelo. |
| Ukubila ebusuku | Olunye uphawu losulelo. |
Kutheni le meko isenzeka?
I-Bronchiectasis yenzeka "kumjikelo onobubi." Iqala ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Ine "amanyathelo" amabini.
1. Ukuthuka Kokuqala: Okokuqala, isifo esithile, usulelo, okanye esinye isizathu sonakalisa iindlela zomoya emiphungeni.
2. Umjikelo Onobugovu: Lo monakalo ubangela ukuba i-mucus iqokeleleke endaweni yokuba isuswe kakuhle. Iintsholongwane ziyakhula kwi-mucus eqokelelweyo. Ezi ntsholongwane zibangela ezinye izifo, zibuthathaka ngakumbi iindonga zemiphunga, kwaye zonakalise ngakumbi. Lo mjikelo uyaqhubeka.
Ngamanye amaxesha, malunga nama-40% ezigulane, unobangela ochanekileyo walo monakalo wokuqala awunakufunyanwa.
Izizathu eziphambili ze-bronchiectasis
- I-Cystic Fibrosis: Esi sisifo semfuza esichaphazela imiphunga ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwe-mucus emzimbeni.
- Usulelo olunzima lwemiphunga: Usulelo olunzima olufana ne-pneumonia, ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, okanye isifo sephepha (TB) ebuntwaneni lunokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade emiphungeni.
- Ubuthathaka benkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Izifo ezifana ne-HIV okanye ezinye iingxaki zomzimba (ezifana ne-hypogammaglobulinemia) zinokubangela usulelo rhoqo kwaye zonakalise imiphunga.
- Iingxaki zokuzikhusela komzimba:Kwizifo ezifana neRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) okanye iLupus (SLE), iiseli zomzimba zinokuhlasela kwaye zonakalise imiphunga.
- Ukuvaleka komoya: Ukuba ithumba, umzimba wangaphandle, okanye i-lymph node evuvukileyo ivala indlela yomoya, i-mucus inokuqokelelana kuloo ndawo ize ibangele i-bronchiectasis.
- I-Allergy Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA): Le yindlela yokunganyamezelani nohlobo oluthile lwefungus.
- I-Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: Le yimeko yemfuza. I-mucus iyaqokelelana kuba 'iinwele ezincinci' (cilia) ezisusa i-mucus elisweni, esithethe ngazo ngaphambili, azisebenzi kakuhle.
Ugqirha uxilonga njani esi sifo?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uya kumamela ngenyameko iimpawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango yangaphambili. Emva koko uya kumamela esifubeni sakho nge-stethoscope aze akucebise ukuba wenze ezinye iimvavanyo.
- I-CT scan yesifuba: Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuxilonga i-bronchiectasis. Ingabona ngokucacileyo ukuba iindlela zomoya ezikwimiphunga zibanzi kwaye iindonga zijiyile. Nangona i-X-ray ingenziwa kuqala, i-CT scan yeyona ndlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- Ukukhula kwesikhohlela: Kuthathwa isampulu yesikhohlela sakho kwaye uhlobo lwebhaktheriya ekhula kuyo luyavavanywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ingaba i-antibiotics iyafuneka na.
- Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Kwemiphunga: Ucelwa ukuba uphefumlele ngaphakathi nangaphandle komatshini ukuze ulinganise ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi lunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho usulelo emzimbeni okanye kukho ingxaki kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- I-Bronchoscopy: Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho kuya kufuneka ajonge ngaphakathi kwimigudu yakho yomoya. Oku kusebenzisa ityhubhu encinci enekhamera (i-bronchoscope) ukubona ukuba kukho into ebambeke ngaphakathi na kunye nendlela i-mucus ebambeke ngayo.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba i-bronchiectasis yimeko engenakunyangeka ngokupheleleyo , njengoko umonakalo owenzekileyo emiphungeni ungenakuguqulwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, abantu abaninzi banokulawula iimpawu zabo baze baphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
Kukho iinjongo ezintathu eziphambili zonyango:
1. Ukususa i-mucus eqokelelana emiphungeni.
2. Ulawulo kunye nokuthintela usulelo.
3. Ukunciphisa ukudumba emiphungeni.
| Indlela yonyango | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iindlela zokuSusa iiNdlela zoMoya | |
| Ukuzilolonga ngokuphefumla kunye nonyango lomzimba | Ingcali yezonyango iza kukufundisa iindlela zokukhohlela nokuphefumla eziya kukunceda ukhuphe ulwelo ngokulula. Oku kungabandakanya iindlela ezifana nokubethelwa esifubeni. |
| Izixhobo zonyango | Izixhobo ezincinci ezifana nezixhobo ze-PEP ezijikelezayo okanye iivesti ezinxitywa esifubeni zingasetyenziselwa ukunceda ukukhulula nokukhupha i-mucus. |
| Amayeza | |
| Ii-antibiotics | Xa kuvela usulelo, banyangwa ngeepilisi, iisiraphu, okanye kwiimeko ezinzima, amayeza e-intravenous (IV). Ngamanye amaxesha, banokunikwa ngeedosi eziphantsi kangangexesha elide ukuthintela usulelo. |
| I-Mucolytics | Ezi zinceda ekunciphiseni ulwelo olungqindilili kwaye zenze kube lula ukukhohlela. Kukwakho namayeza athathwa ngendlela yomphunga nge-nebulizer. |
| Amayeza okulwa nokudumba | Amayeza anjengee-macrolides anceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba kwimibhobho yomoya ngelixa elawula usulelo. |
Xa kufuneka ubone ugqirha
Ukuba ukhwehlela rhoqo kunye ne-phlegm okanye unengxaki yokuphefumla, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Ukuba sele ufunyenwe une-bronchiectasis, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Ukuba uneempawu zosulelo, ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye nokugodola.
- Ukuba ukuphefumla kuba nzima ngaphezu kwesiqhelo.
- Ukuba udiniwe kakhulu kunesiqhelo.
- Ukuba ubungakanani be-mucus oyikhohlelayo bugqithisile, umbala we-mucus utshintshile (luhlaza/mthubi), okanye ukuba kukho igazi kwi-mucus.
- Ukuba ulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya kwaye wehlise umzimba.
Kodwa kwimeko efana nale, kuya kufuneka uye kwi-ETU (iYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo) ngoko nangoko:
- Ukuba wopha kakhulu.
- Ukuba unentlungu esifubeni.
- Ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumla.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Bronchiectasis yimeko yexesha elide apho iindlela zomoya ezikwimiphunga zonakala ngokusisigxina kwaye zivuleke.
- Uphawu oluphambili kukukhwehlela okungapheliyo okuvelisa i-mucus eninzi.
- Nangona ingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, ungazilawula iimpawu, uthintele usulelo, kwaye uphile ubomi obuhle.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa amayeza achazwe ngugqirha ngokuchanekileyo nokwenza umthambo wokususa i-mucus yonke imihla.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo. Kuphephe ukuphefumla umsi kunye neegesi ezonakalisa imiphunga.
- Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane ngokufumana imijovo efunekayo (umz. iFlu, iPneumococcal) ngexesha.
- Ukuba iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu okanye kuvela iimpawu zesilumkiso esingxamisekileyo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
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