Ngaba ukhe weva ngokukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli kwisibeleko? (Cervical Dysplasia) Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngale nto!

Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kancinci xa ingxelo yovavanyo lwakho lwe-Pap isithi kukho utshintsho kwiiseli zomlomo wesibeleko sakho. Usenokucinga, "Andazi ukuba ngumhlaza na." Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Kwiimeko ezininzi, le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-'cervical dysplasia' ayingomhlaza, kodwa yimeko engaphambi komhlaza. Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeleko?

Ngamafutshane, kukukhula kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga kumphezulu wesibeleko sakho. Uyazi, isibeleko sisithuba esingena kwisibeleko sakho, esiqhagamshelwe phezulu kwesibeleko sakho. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, okanye (CIN). I-'Intraepithelial' ithetha ukuba iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zikwizicubu ze-epithelial zesibeleko kuphela, kwaye azikasasazeka ngaphaya kwaloo maleko. I-'Neoplasia' ithetha ukukhula kweeseli okungaqhelekanga.

Cinga ngayo njengotshintsho oluncinci kumaleko ongaphezulu kolusu lwethu. Ngamanye amaxesha inokuba ngcono ngokwayo, okanye inokunyangwa ngonyango oluncinci.

Imbi kangakanani le meko? Ngaba kufuneka soyike?

Liyinyaniso elokuba igama elithi "precancer" linokuba loyikeka. Kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayinguye wonke umntu one-cervical dysplasia oya kuba nomhlaza. Ukufunyanwa ukuba unale meko kuthetha ukuba ukuba awufumani unyango olufunekayo, usenokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, kwaye ndithetha ukuba kuphela unokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Nokuba umhlaza uyavela, kuthatha iminyaka ukuba uvele. Ngoko ke ugqirha wakho unexesha elaneleyo lokufumana ezi ndawo zineengxaki aze azisuse. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba ungoyiki kwaye ulandele icebiso likagqirha wakho.

Ziziphi iindlela zokwahlula oku kukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli?

Ngaphambili, le meko yayichazwa 'njengethambileyo', 'ephakathi', okanye 'enzima', kuxhomekeke ekubeni iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zinokuguquka zibe ngumhlaza kangakanani na. Kodwa ngoku kukho indlela entsha yokuhlela ubunzima bayo. Isekelwe ekubeni zingakanani iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ezisasazeke ngaphaya kwezicubu zomphezulu wesibeleko sakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"CIN" classification. Sisikali ukusuka kwesinye ukuya kwesithathu.

• I-CIN 1: Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga malunga nesinye kwisithathu sobukhulu bezicubu ezingaphezulu zomlomo wesibeleko.
• I-CIN 2: Apha, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zinokusasazeka kwindawo enye kwisithathu ukuya kwisibini kwisithathu sobukhulu bezicubu.
• I-CIN 3: Kule nto, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zigubungela ngaphezu kwesibini kwisithathu sobukhulu bezicubu.

Ngoku, khangela, imeko ye-`(CIN 1)` ayifane ibe ngumhlaza kwiimeko ezininzi. Kwakhona, idla ngokuba ngcono ngokwayo. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko ze-`(CIN 2)` kunye ne-`(CIN 3)` zifuna unyango ukuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungakhuli.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?

I-cervical dysplasia ichaphazela abafazi ababandakanyeka kwisondo. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi abosulelwe yiHuman Papillomavirus (HPV). Ubusazi na ukuba i-HPV yenye yezona zifo zixhaphakileyo zesondo (ii-STI) ehlabathini?

Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-35 ubudala, oko kuthetha ukuba bakwiminyaka yokuzala.

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Uyazi njani?

Uninzi lwexesha , i-cervical dysplasia ayibangeli zimpawu. Ugqirha wakho uza kufumana ezi seli zingaqhelekanga kuphela ngexesha lovavanyo lwakho lwe-Pap oluqhelekileyo. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwe-Pap lwenziwe ngexesha. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha unokubona izinto ezifana nokubona okanye ukopha emva kokwabelana ngesondo.

Kutheni le meko isenzeka? Yintoni eyona nto iphambili?

Eyona nto ibangela oku kukwasulelwa yintsholongwane ethi `(HPV)`. Le ntsholongwane isasazeka ngokunxibelelana ngesondo. Uninzi lwexesha, amajoni omzimba wakho anokuyiphelisa le ntsholongwane. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezingaphezu kwe-100 zentsholongwane ethi `(HPV)`. Kwezi, ezinye iintlobo, ezifana ne `(HPV-16)` kunye ne `(HPV-18)`, zinokosulela inkqubo yakho yokuzala kwaye zibangele ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli kwisibeleko (Cervical Dysplasia).

Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-75% abasetyhini abasabelana ngesondo baya kosulelwa yi-HPV ngaxa lithile ebomini babo. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo losulelo luphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 nama-25. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lolusulelo luphela ngokwalo ngaphandle kokubangela iingxaki ezingapheliyo. Amaxesha amaninzi, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ziyakhula ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-cervical dysplasia.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba ne-HPV akuthethi ukuba uza kuba ne-cervical dysplasia.

Isizathu esichanekileyo sokuba abanye abafazi babe ne-cervical dysplasia xa besulelekile yi-HPV kanti abanye bengenayo asikaziwa okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo ze-HPV ezinobungozi obukhulu kunye nokuba usulelo luhlala ixesha elingakanani zinokudlala indima. Ukongeza, kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi:

• Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala: Izifundo zibonise ukuba usulelo lwe-HPV luhlala ixesha elide kubasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala. Olu sulelo luphela ngokukhawuleza kwabo bangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25 ubudala.
• Ukutshaya: Abantu abatshaya icuba baze basebenzise iimveliso zecuba banokuphinda kabini umngcipheko wabo wokufumana iiseli zomlomo wesibeleko ezingaqhelekanga.
• Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka: Ukuba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa amasosha omzimba, umzimba wakho unokuba nexesha elinzima lokulwa nosulelo lwe-HPV. Kwakhona, ukuba wosulelwe yi-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), inokunciphisa amandla omzimba wakho okulwa nosulelo. Ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka kwaye ufumana i-HPV, unokuba ne-cervical dysplasia.

Ifunyaniswa njani le meko? (Ukuxilongwa)

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ugqirha wakho uya kubona iimpawu zale meko ngexesha lovavanyo lwakho lwePap oluqhelekileyo. Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwePap azicacanga okanye zibonisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga, inyathelo elilandelayo lisenokuba yi-colposcopy, oluvavanyo lokuhlola umlomo wesibeleko sakho.

Olu vavanyo lwe-"(colposcopy)" lunokwenziwa eofisini kagqirha wakho. Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha usebenzisa isixhobo esikhanyayo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"colposcope" ukujonga iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kumlomo wesibeleko okanye eludongeni lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

Ugqirha usenokuthatha isampuli yethishu (i-biopsy) aze ayithumele kwilebhu ukuze afunde ngakumbi ngezi seli. Ngamanye amaxesha, uvavanyo lwe-DNA lunokwenziwa ukujonga iintlobo ze-HPV ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Zithini iindlela zokunyanga oku? (Unyango)

Unyango luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ubunzima be-cervical dysplasia yakho, ubudala bakho, impilo yakho, kunye neendlela zonyango oluthandayo. Khumbula ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango ze-cervical dysplasia zinokuchaphazela amandla akho okukhulelwa kwixesha elizayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uceba ukukhulelwa kwixesha elizayo, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zakho zonyango.

Ukubeka iliso kwiiseli ezingaqhelekanga

Ukuba unemeko engembi kangako ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Cervical Dysplasia' (CIN 1), mhlawumbi awuyi kuyidinga unyango. Kwiimeko ezininzi, le meko iya kuba ngcono ngokwayo. Yipesenti encinci kakhulu yezi meko eziba ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, malunga ne-1%. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo lwe-Pap rhoqo ukuze ajonge utshintsho olungaqhelekanga lweeseli.

Ukususa okanye ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga

Ukuba i-cervical dysplasia yakho inzima kakhulu (CIN 2 okanye CIN 3), ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukususa okanye ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ezinokuba ngumhlaza.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezisetyenzisiweyo koku:

• Inkqubo yokususa i-Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP): Kule nkqubo, kusetyenziswa i-wire loop encinci, etshajiweyo ngombane ukususa izicwili ezingaqhelekanga. Le nkqubo ingathatha neesampuli zezicwili ukuze zivavanywe ngakumbi. Phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-2% yabasetyhini banokufumana iingxaki emva kwale nkqubo, ezifana nokopha okulibazisekileyo okanye ukuncitshiswa komlomo wesibeleko (stenosis).
• I-cold knife cone biopsy (conization): Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ususa isiqwenga sethishu esimile okwekhowuni esineeseli ezingaqhelekanga. Le nkqubo yayisetyenziselwa ngaphambili ukunyanga i-cervical dysplasia, kodwa ngoku isetyenziselwa iimeko ezinzulu ngakumbi. Le nkqubo ingathatha nesampulu yethishu ukuze ivavanywe ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ithwala umngcipheko ophezulu kancinci weengxaki, ezifana nokucutheka komlomo wesibeleko kunye nokopha emva kotyando.
• Ukususwa kwesibeleko: Oku kukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwesibeleko. Ukuba i-cervical dysplasia iyaqhubeka okanye ayiphucuki emva kwezinye iindlela zonyango, i-hysterectomy inokuba lukhetho.

Ngaba le meko inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo! Malunga ne-90% yazo zonke iimeko ze-`(Cervical Dysplasia)` zinokunyangwa ngokususa okanye ngokutshabalalisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga. `(Cervical Dysplasia)` ayifane iqhubeke ibe ngumhlaza. Nokuba iyenzeka, iqhubeka kancinci kakhulu. Ngoko ke kukho ixesha elaneleyo lokuba ugqirha angenelele aze ayinyange.

Ungazikhusela njani kule meko? (Ukuthintela)

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela i-cervical dysplasia kukuphepha ukosuleleka yi-HPV. Ukuba sele unayo i-HPV, ukufumana uvavanyo lwe-Pap rhoqo kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Uvavanyo lwe-Pap alunakuthintela i-cervical dysplasia, kodwa lunokunceda ekufumaneni i-cervical dysplasia kwangethuba kwaye luthintele ukuba ingakhuli ibe ngumhlaza.

Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza:

• Fumana ugonyo lwe-HPV: Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-HPV kunye ne-cervical dysplasia kukugonywa. I-FDA ivumile ugonyo oluthathu olukhusela kwiintlobo ze-HPV eziqhele ukunxulunyaniswa ne-cervical dysplasia: iGardasil®, iGardasil 9®, kunye neCervarix®. I-CDC icebisa ukuba wonke umntu ophakathi kweminyaka eli-9 nengama-26 afumane ugonyo. Ukuba uphakathi kweminyaka engama-27 nengama-45, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neenzuzo zokufumana ugonyo. Ugonyo alunakunyanga abantu abasele benayo i-HPV okanye i-cervical dysplasia, kodwa lunokunceda ukuthintela usulelo kwixesha elizayo kwezinye iimeko.
• Ukuphepha ukwabelana ngesondo okanye ukwenza isondo esikhuselekileyo: Ungakuthintela ukosuleleka yi-HPV ngokuphepha ukudibana ngokwesondo, kuquka isondo sangasese, esangasese somlomo, nesangasese sowesifazane. Unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokwenza isondo esikhuselekileyo. Sebenzisa iikhondom okanye ii-dental dams ngexesha lesondo. Nciphisa inani lamaqabane okwabelana ngesondo.
• Fumana uvavanyo lwePap rhoqo: Kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwakho lokuqala lwePap xa uneminyaka engama-21 ubudala. Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwePap luqhelekile, iingcebiso zangoku zezokuba wenze uvavanyo lwePap rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-21 ukuya kwengama-29 ubudala. Ukuba uphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-65 ubudala, kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwePap kunye novavanyo lweHPV rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya nokusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba: Ukuba utshaya, usenokuba sengozini enkulu yosulelo lwe-HPV, ingakumbi i-cervical dysplasia, imeko enzulu.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndinesi sifo?

Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, izinga lokunyangwa kwe-cervical dysplasia liphezulu kakhulu. Kwabasetyhini abane-dysplasia enobungozi obukhulu, umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko uncitshiswa ngama-95% kwiminyaka esibhozo yokuqala emva konyango.

Emva kokuba ufunyaniswe une-cervical dysplasia, ugqirha wakho uza kujonga impilo yakho ngokusondeleyo ukuze abone ukuba iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ziyakhula kwakhona okanye zibe ngumhlaza. Kuya kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwePap rhoqo kunye novavanyo lweHPV. Emva konyango, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwePap rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu unyaka okanye emibini. Emva koko, ungenza uvavanyo lwePap rhoqo ngonyaka.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Xa ufumanisa ukuba une-cervical dysplasia, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba nemibuzo emininzi engqondweni yakho. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuzibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Ngaba kufuneka ndifumane i-HPV vaccine?
• Ingxaki yam ye-`(Cervical Dysplasia)` ingakanani?
• Ngaba ndisengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?
• Le meko `(Cervical Dysplasia)` iza kuyichaphazela njani ukukhulelwa kwam? (Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye unethemba lokukhulelwa)
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ekufuneka ndizithathe ukuze ndijonge imeko yam? Kufuneka ndizithathe kangaphi?
• Unyango lwe-`(Cervical Dysplasia)` luza kuyichaphazela njani indlela endikwazi ngayo ukukhulelwa kwixesha elizayo?

Khumbula, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo onayo, nokuba mincinci kangakanani na. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele impilo yakho.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika xa ufumanisa ukuba unesifo esingaphambi komhlaza esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Cervical Dysplasia" kwisibeleko sakho. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba oku akusoloko kukhokelela kumhlaza . Ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye unyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, umhlaza wesibeleko unokuthintelwa.

Ngoko ke, zikhusele kwi-HPV. Fumana i-HPV vaccine. Ziqhelanise nesondo esikhuselekileyo. Ungaze uphoswe luvavanyo lwe-Pap. Nyamekela impilo yakho! Awuwedwa, ugqirha wakho ukhona ukuze athethe naye aze afumane uncedo.

I- Cervical Dysplasia, iiseli zomlomo wesibeleko ezingaqhelekanga, i-HPV, uvavanyo lwe-Pap, impilo yabasetyhini, imeko engaphambi komhlaza, umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko