Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci unomhlaza? (Umhlaza wobuntwana) - Masiqaphele oku!

Xa sisiva igama elithi "umhlaza," sonke siyaqhaqhazela kancinci, akunjalo? Akukho mazwi achaza uloyiko kunye nokothuka esikuvayo, ingakumbi xa elo gama linxulunyaniswa nomntwana wethu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomhlaza wabantwana. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokuqonda okuchanekileyo koku. Kuba namhlanje, ngeendlela zonyango eziphambili, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba abantwana baphiliswe kwezi meko.

Yintoni umhlaza wabantwana?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wobuntwana liqela leemhlaza ezichaphazela abantwana abaneminyaka ephakathi kwe-0 ne-19. Oku kuquka zombini iimhlaza zabantwana, ezichaphazela abantwana ukususela ebuntwaneni ukuya kwiminyaka eli-14 ubudala, kunye neemhlaza zolutsha, ezichaphazela abantwana abancinci abaneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kweli-19 ubudala.

Kwanakwilizwe elifana neMelika, malunga nabantwana abali-15,000 bafunyanwa benomhlaza minyaka le. Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba, ngenxa yonyango olutsha, olulungele abantwana, abantwana abasi-8 kwabali-10 basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba nasemva kolu nyango, kufuneka siqhubeke nokuqwalasela impilo yomntwana.

Zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaza ezikhula ebantwaneni?

Umhlaza wabantwana unokwahlulwahlulwa ube ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili:

1. I-Leukemia kunye neLymphoma

2. Iithumba zobuchopho kunye nomqolo

3. Iithumba eziqinileyo

Makhe sijonge nganye kwezi nkcukacha zincinci.

1. I-Leukemia kunye neLymphoma

Ezi zi -cancer zegazi .

• I-leukemia lolona hlobo lomhlaza luxhaphakileyo ebantwaneni. Iqala kumongo wethambo lomntwana. Njengoko usazi, umongo wethambo kulapho iiseli zethu zegazi zenziwa khona.
• I-lymphoma iqala kwiiseli ezenza igazi kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic yomntwana. Lolu hlobo lwesithathu oluxhaphakileyo lomhlaza ebantwaneni.

Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ze-leukemia ebantwaneni zezi:

• I-Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (YONKE) - Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuchonga umhlaza ebantwaneni.
• I-Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-lymphoma kubantwana zezi:

• I-lymphoma yeHodgkin
• I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma - Le ikwanazo nezinye iintlobo ezifana ne-Burkitt lymphoma kunye ne-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

2. Iithumba zobuchopho kunye nomqolo

Olu lolona hlobo lwesibini oluxhaphakileyo lomhlaza ebantwaneni. Lukhula xa iiseli eziqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomntwana (CNS) ziguquka zibe ziiseli zomhlaza. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi, ezifana neMedulloblastoma kunye neGlioma. Kodwa onke la magama awabalulekanga kuwe, into ephambili kukwazi ukuba umhlaza ungakhula kwezi ndawo.

3. Iithumba eziqinileyo

Iithumba eziqinileyo zenzeka xa iiseli zomhlaza zahlukana, ziphindaphindana, kwaye zidibana ukuze zenze inqwaba. Zinokukhula naphi na emzimbeni womntwana. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

• Umhlaza wamathambo - njenge-osteosarcoma kunye ne-Ewing sarcoma.
• Ithumba leeseli zegciwane
• I-Hepatoblastoma (umhlaza wesibindi)
• I-Neuroblastoma
• I-Retinoblastoma (umhlaza wamehlo)
• I-Rhabdomyosarcoma (umhlaza wemisipha)
• Ithumba likaWilms (umhlaza wezintso)

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wabantwana?

Nantsi into ebaluleke kakhulu. Iimpawu zomhlaza ebantwaneni ngamanye amaxesha zinokufana neempawu zezinye izifo ebantwaneni abancinci. Cinga ngayo, abantwana abaninzi abancinci bafumana iintloko ezibuhlungu, iintlungu zesisu, kunye nemivumbo emincinci. Ayizizo zonke ezi mpawu zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba naziphi na kwezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka okanye ziba mandundu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha ngazo.

Ukuze ikuncede ufunde ngomhlaza wabantwana, iChildhood Oncology Group yenze uluhlu lweempawu eziza kukunceda ukhumbule oonobumba begama lesiNgesi elithi `CHILDCANCER`. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• C - `Ukuqhubeka, ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo`: Ukuqhubeka, ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo.
• H - `Iintloko ezibuhlungu, ezihlala zihambisana nokuhlanza kwasekuseni`: Intloko ebuhlungu, ingakumbi xa ihamba nokuhlanza kusasa.
• I - `Ukwanda kokudumba okanye iintlungu ezingapheliyo emathanjeni, emalungeni, emqolo okanye emilenzeni`: Ukwanda kokudumba okanye iintlungu ezingapheliyo emathanjeni, emalungeni, emqolo okanye emilenzeni.
• L - `Iqhuma okanye ubunzima`: Ukuba kufunyaniswa iqhuma okanye ithumba entanyeni, esifubeni, ekhwapheni, esiswini, okanye entlafunweni.
• D - `Ukukhula kokugruzuka okugqithisileyo, ukopha okanye irhashalala`: Ukugruzuka okugqithisileyo, ukopha (umz. ukopha empumlweni, ukopha kweentsini) okanye ukugruzuka okukhawulezileyo eluswini ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• C - `Usulelo oluhlala luhleli, oluhlala luhleli okanye oluhlala luhleli`: Usulelo oluhlala luhleli noluhlala luhleli (umz. umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela).
• A - `Umbala omhlophe emva kwempundu`: Ukuba umbala omhlophe ubonakala ngaphakathi kweliso, ngasemva kwe-iris emnyama (umfundi).
• N - `Isicaphucaphu esiqhubekayo, okanye ukuhlanza ngaphandle kwesicaphucaphu`: Isicaphucaphu esiqhubekayo, okanye ukuhlanza ngaphandle kwesicaphucaphu.
• C - `Ukudinwa rhoqo (ukudinwa) okanye ukuphaphatheka okubonakalayo (ubumhlophe)`: Ukudinwa rhoqo (ukudinwa) okanye ukuphaphatheka okubonakalayo (ubumhlophe)`.
• E - `Utshintsho lwamehlo okanye umbono oluvela ngequbuliso noluqhubekayo`: Utshintsho embonweni oluvela ngequbuliso noluqhubekayo (umz., ukubona into enye okanye ezimbini, ukubona okufipheleyo).
• R - `Iimfiva eziphindaphindayo okanye ezingapheliyo`: Umkhuhlane obuyayo okanye oqhubeka (ingakumbi lowo ungenasizathu sicacileyo) endaweni yokuba ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuze kuthintelwe amathandabuzo.

Kutheni abantwana befumana umhlaza?

Umhlaza uvela xa iijini zethu zitshintsha (iinguqu) kwaye kwakheka iiseli ezingaqhelekanga. Ezi seli zomhlaza ezingaqhelekanga zahlukana ngokukhawuleza, ziminyanisa iiseli eziphilileyo. Ukuba azinyangwa, lo mhlaza unokusasazeka emzimbeni wonke (umhlaza osasazekayo).

Izinto ezifanayo ezibangela umhlaza kubantu abadala (ukutshaya, ukuchatshazelwa lilanga, iikhemikhali) azisetyenziswa kumhlaza ebantwaneni. Olu tshintsho lwemfuza lwenzeka ebantwaneni ngezizathu abaphandi abasaphanda ngazo. Olu tshintsho lunokwenzeka ngaphambi okanye emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.

Ngethamsanqa, uphando lomhlaza luchonge utshintsho lwemfuza oluhambelana neminye imihlaza yabantwana. Olu lwazi lunceda oogqirha ukuba bakhethe isicwangciso sonyango esisebenzayo kumntwana wabo.

Ngaba kukho izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko?

Oogqirha bayazi ukuba ezinye izifo zemfuza ezizuzwe njengelifa zinokunyusa umngcipheko womntwana wokuba nomhlaza. Umzekelo, eMelika, malunga nabantwana abasi-8 ukuya kwabali-10 kwabali-100 abanomhlaza banemeko yemfuza enxulumene nayo. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome kunye ne-Down syndrome.

Oku akuthethi ukuba wonke umntwana onesi sifo uza kuba nomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana wakho unale meko, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ahlolwe umhlaza.

Oogqirha bawuxilonga njani umhlaza ebantwaneni?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukuxilonga umhlaza:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lujonga iingxaki kwiiseli zegazi zomntwana. Ezi zinokuba luphawu lomhlaza.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Olu luvumela ugqirha ukuba abone imifanekiso yamalungu kunye nezicubu ezingaphakathi emzimbeni womntwana wakho. Imizekelo ibandakanya ii-CT scans, ii-MRIs, ii-PET scans, kunye nee-ultrasounds.
• I-Biopsy: Kuthathwa isampulu yolwelo okanye izicubu kwindawo ekrokrisayo kwaye ingcali yezifo iyihlola phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze ibone ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na.
• I-Bone marrow biopsy kunye nokufunxwa kwe -bone marrow: Kuthathwa isampulu ye-bone marrow ukuze kuhlolwe umhlaza.
• Ukubhoboza iLumbar : Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli yolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) lomntwana (ulwelo olucacileyo olujikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo) ukujonga iiseli zomhlaza okanye iimpawu ze-tumor.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Olu vavanyo lukhangela utshintsho lwemfuza olunxulumene neminye imihlaza yabantwana. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekukhetheni unyango olungcono.

Unyango lomhlaza wabantwana lunjani?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lomhlaza wabantwana:

• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Olu lolona nyango luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wabantwana. Lubandakanya ukunika amayeza okubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Umntwana unyangwa ngemijikelo. Umjikelo ngamnye uquka usuku lonyango kunye nosuku lokuchacha.
• Unyango ngemitha: Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa umatshini ukuthumela imitha ukuze inciphise okanye itshabalalise ithumba. Okanye, isixhobo esikhupha imitha kwithumba sinokufakwa emzimbeni womntwana.
• Ukufakelwa kweeseli zesiqu: Oku kungaba lukhetho ukuba umntwana wakho une-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma. Okokuqala, kunikwa i-chemotherapy enomthamo ophezulu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Emva koko, iiseli eziphilileyo ezenza igazi zithathwa kumnikeli zize zinikwe umntwana.
• Utyando: Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha botyando banokususa ngokupheleleyo iithumba eziqinileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, umntwana unokufuna olunye unyango kunye notyando.
• Unyango olujoliswe kwi-immunotherapy kunye nonyango olujoliswe kwi-target: Olu lonyango olutsha. Unyango olujoliswe kwi-immunotherapy lunceda inkqubo yomzimba yomntwana ukuba ilwe nomhlaza. Unyango olujoliswe kwi-target lujolise kwiinguqu ezithile zemfuza kwiiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango ngamanye amaxesha lunikwa njengenxalenye yovavanyo lweklinikhi.

Yintoni uvavanyo lwezonyango? Luphononongo oluvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle konyango olutsha lomhlaza. Olu phando lubaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nomhlaza. Ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango azizange zinike ncedo lwaneleyo, ugqirha wakho angathumela umntwana wakho kwenye yezi ndlela zovavanyo.

Konke oku kwenzelwa ukubonelela ngononophelo olungcono kakhulu kumntwana wakho.

Ndifanele ndifune nini iingcebiso zonyango malunga nomntwana wam?

Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba umntwana wakho:

• Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza zimbi kakhulu kunokuba ubulindele.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho "ukwimeko yokuxolelwa" (engenazo iimpawu zomhlaza), kwaye uqala ukuqaphela iimpawu zokuba umhlaza usenokubuya.

Amaxesha amaninzi, iimpawu zomhlaza kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango inokuba ziingxamiseko zonyango. Ugqirha womntwana wakho uya kuchaza ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Ngaba umhlaza wobuntwana unganyangeka?

Kumazwe aphuhlileyo anezibonelelo ezilungileyo, abantwana abangaphezu kwe-8 kwabalishumi abanomhlaza bayanyangwa. Oku kusekelwe kumazinga okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kwabo banemihlaza eqhelekileyo ebantwaneni.

Igama elithi "unyango" likwasetyenziswa ukuchaza umhlaza wobuntwana oye waphela. Umzekelo, abantwana abali-9 kwabali-10 abane-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BONKE) bayaphela (akusekho zimpawu okanye iimpawu zomhlaza).

Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba la mazinga okusinda aqikelelwa nje kuphela. Awabonisi izinto ezithile eziya kuchaphazela amava omntwana wakho. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga noqikelelo lomntwana wakho.

Ingakanani iminyaka yobomi bomntwana osele ephilile kumhlaza?

Nangona umhlaza wobuntwana udla ngokunyangeka, iziphumo zesi sifo zinokuchaphazela impilo yomntwana ixesha elide. Ngokutsho kophando lwakutshanje, abo basinde kumhlaza wobuntwana banokuba nexesha elifutshane lokuphila kunabanye. Bakwanamathuba amaninzi okufumana iingxaki zempilo xa sele bekhulile, ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, iimeko ezinxulumene neehomoni, kunye nomhlaza wesibini.

Kodwa ayingomngcipheko womntu wonke ofanayo. Okuninzi kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza umntwana awayenawo kunye nonyango alufumeneyo. Umzekelo, ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem kunokwenzeka ukuba kube nemiphumo kamva. Unyango olufana notyando kunye ne-chemotherapy yedosi ephantsi akunakwenzeka ukuba lubangele iingxaki kwixesha elizayo.

Nangona kunjalo, wonke umntwana ochachayo kumhlaza udinga ukhathalelo oluhlala ixesha elide. Ngexesha lolu landelelwano, kwenziwa uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo ukuze kufunyanwe naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho emva konyango.

Ndingenza ntoni ukunceda umntwana wam?

Iingcali zithi thetha ngokukhululekileyo nangokunyaniseka nomntwana wakho malunga nomhlaza. Ezi zinokuba ziincoko ezinzima. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zikholelwa ukuba abantwana bayazuza ngokwazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kubo kunye nento abafanele bayenze ngayo. Abantwana abadala kunye nabantwana abancinci banokuqonda iingcaciso ezicacileyo. Ukuba umntwana wakho usemncinci, ungafuna ukuthetha nengcali yobomi bomntwana okanye ugqirha wengqondo yabantwana malunga nendlela yokuthetha naye malunga nomhlaza.

Njengomnakekeli womntwana wakho, wena ungoyena mntu unamandla kubo. Umazi kakuhle umntwana wakho. Thatha amanyathelo kuye kwaye umxhase kuyo yonke inyathelo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Minyaka le, amawaka abazali ayasiva isivakalisi esithi “umntwana wakho unomhlaza.” Kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, bayasiva isivakalisi esithi “singawunyanga, mhlawumbi siwunyange, umhlaza womntwana wakho.”Ngenxa yonyango olutsha, abantwana abaninzi kunye nabantu abaselula bayaphola kumhlaza.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuchacha linyathelo elinye nje kuhambo lobomi bonke lokhathalelo. Iqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho liza kukufundisa ngokhathalelo umntwana wakho aza kulufuna ngexesha nasemva konyango. Musa ukuphelelwa lithemba, ngolwazi olufanelekileyo nenkxaso, ungajongana nalo mceli mngeni.

Umhlaza wobuntwana , i-leukemia, i-lymphoma, iithumba zobuchopho, iimpawu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, impilo yabantwana