Ingaba umntwana wakho unethumba lobuchopho? (Ithumba lobuchopho) Masifumanise ngale nto ngaphandle kokukhathazeka!

Mama, Tata, ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci uhlala eneentloko ezibuhlungu? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uyahlanza kusasa? Okanye ngaba kutshanje ukhe waphawula utshintsho olukhulu olukhawulezileyo kwindlela umntwana wakho aziphatha ngayo okanye athetha ngayo? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika okanye ukhathazekile xa usiva okanye ubona into efana nale. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iintloko ezibuhlungu okanye ukuhlanza okuluphawu lwesifo esiyingozi. Nangona kunjalo, nangona kunqabile, ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zemeko efana nomhlaza wobuchopho babantwana . Ngoko ke, ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe namhlanje, ngendlela onokuyiqonda, nangendlela elula kakhulu.

Yintoni ithumba lobuchopho kwaba bantwana abancinci?

Ngamafutshane, ingqondo yethu yenziwe zizigidi zeeseli. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi seli zengqondo ziqala ukukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga nengalawulekiyo. Kulapho kuvela khona ithumba, okanye into esiyibiza ngokuba yi-"Neoplasm," ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuba utshintsho oluthile lwenzeka kwiijini zeeseli zengqondo. Olu tshintsho lwemfuza lubangela ukuba iseli ephilileyo iziphathe ngendlela engaqhelekanga ize ibe yithumba.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezi zifo zobuchopho:

• Ayisiyongozi okanye ayilunganga: Ezi azizo iiseli zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba zikhula ngaphakathi kwengqondo, zinokutyhala iindawo ezibalulekileyo zengqondo kwaye zibangele iingxaki.
• Ezinobungozi okanye Ezinomhlaza: Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba zii-tumor. Zinokukhula ngokukhawuleza zize zisasazeke kwezinye iindawo zobuchopho okanye ngamanye amaxesha nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Le meko inokwenzeka kumntwana wanoma luphi na ubudala, ukususela emncinci kakhulu ukuya ebudaleni kakhulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nasebudaleni.

Zixhaphake kangakanani iithumba zobuchopho ebantwaneni?

Enyanisweni, iithumba zobuchopho lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza ebantwaneni . Ngokwezibalo, amawaka abantwana afunyaniswa enale meko minyaka le. Isenokuvakala ngathi iyoyikisa kancinci, kodwa khumbula, ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, amathuba okuchacha aphezulu.

Zeziphi iintlobo zeethumba ezinokubonwa kwiingqondo zabantwana?

Ingavakala inzima, kodwa kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeethumba zobuchopho ebantwaneni. Zihlulwe ngokweentlobo zeeseli zobuchopho eziqala kuzo. Nazi ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili:

• IiGliomas
• Iithumba ze-embryonic
• Iithumba zepayini
• I-Craniopharyngiomas
• Iithumba zeeseli zegciwane
• Iithumba ze-Choroid plexus
• I-Schwannomas
• IiMeningiomas

Ngoku makhe sijonge nganye kwezi.

1. IiGliomas

Ezi zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeethumba zobuchopho ebantwaneni. Enyanisweni, malunga nesiqingatha sazo zonke iithumba zobuchopho ebantwaneni ziwela kolu didi. Zivela kwiiseli ze-glial ebuchosheni.Iiseli zeGlial luhlobo lweeseli ezixhasa, zondla, kwaye zikhusela ii-neurons engqondweni. Ezinye ii-gliomas zinokukhula kancinci (ezikumgangatho ophantsi), ngelixa ezinye zinokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibe nolaka (ezikumgangatho ophezulu).

Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezininzi ze-glioma:

• I-Astrocytoma: Oku kuqala kuhlobo lweseli ye-glial ebizwa ngokuba yi-astrocytes. Ezi tumors zinokukhula ebuchotsheni okanye emgogodleni. Ezinye zikhula kancinci, ngelixa ezinye zikhula ngokukhawuleza.
• I-Oligodendroglioma: Ezi ziqala kwiiseli ze-glial ezibizwa ngokuba zii-oligodendrocytes. Ezi zifumaneka kakhulu kumaleko wangaphandle wobuchopho.
• Ii-Neuroglial tumors: Ezi ziqulathe ii-glial cells kunye nee-neuronal cells. Zinokukhula engqondweni nasemgogodleni kwaye zinokubangela ukuxhuzula rhoqo.
• I-Ependymoma: Ezi thumba ziqala kwiiseli ze-ependymal ezijikeleze imingxunya egcwele ulwelo (ii-ventricles) ngaphakathi kwengqondo.

2. Iithumba ze-embryonic

Ezi thumba ziqala kwiiseli zosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa okanye ezisandul’ ukuzalwa kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi. Zizithumba ezinomhlaza kwaye zinokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, kodwa zixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci .

Ezinye zeenati eziphambili ezikule hlobo zezi:

• I-Medulloblastoma: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwethumba leeseli zentsholongwane. Luqala kwi-cerebellum, ekwindawo engasemva kwengqondo.
• I-Medulloepithelioma: Eli lithumba elingaqhelekanga kakhulu nelikhula ngokukhawuleza. Lidla ngokubonakala kwiintsana nabantwana abancinci.
• I-Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT): Le nayo ayiqhelekanga. Idla ngokuqala kwi-cerebellum yabantwana abancinci kakhulu.
• Ithumba elivela kwi-embryonal elinee-rosette ezininzi (i-ETMR): Eli lithumba elibi elivela kwingqondo yomntwana elivela kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi.

3. Iithumba zepayini

Ezi thumba zikhula kwi-pineal gland. Le gland ikwindawo ephakathi kwengqondo. I-hormone i-melatonin ikhutshwa yile gland. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zethumba eziqala kwi-pineal gland. Ezi zinokuba zingengomhlaza (ezingenobungozi) okanye ezibangela umhlaza (ezinobungozi).

Iintlobo zee-tumors ze-pineal gland ezinokwenzeka ebantwaneni:

• I-Pineoblastoma: Olu lolona hlobo luhlaselayo lwethumba leeseli zentsholongwane. Linokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza liye engqondweni nakwi-spinal cord.
• Iithumba zepineal parenchymal: Ezi ziithumba ezihlaselayo kancinci. Ukuba zifunyenwe kwangethuba, zinokuphelela kummandla wepineal.
• Iithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane:Ezi zenziwe kwizicubu ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ezisele kwi-pineal gland.

4. IiCraniopharyngiomas

Ezi zii-tumor ezingezizo umhlaza eziqala kufutshane ne-pituitary gland . Zikhula kwizicubu ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ze-pituitary gland. I-Craniopharyngiomas inokuba yi-solid, cystic, okanye umxube wazo zombini. Ezinye zikhula kancinci, ngelixa ezinye zikhula ngokukhawuleza.

Ezi thumba zinokucinezela i-pituitary gland. Ubusazi na ukuba i-pituitary gland ivelisa iihomoni ezilawula izinto ezinje ngokukhula, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nokuzala? Ezi thumba zinokucinezela nenxalenye ebalulekileyo yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypothalamus . I-hypothalamus ilawula izinto ezininzi ezinje ngobushushu bomzimba, ulwelo lomzimba, kunye neemvakalelo. Iimithambo-luvo ze-optic nazo zinokucinezelwa, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki zokubona.

5. Iithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane

Ezi zii-tumor ezinomhlaza eziqala kwiiseli ze-embryonic ezibizwa ngokuba zii-"germ cells". Ngexesha lesigaba se-embryonic, ezi seli ze-germ ziyaphuma engqondweni zize zenze ii-ovari okanye ama-testes. Nangona kunjalo, iiseli ze-germ ezihlala ngaphakathi kwengqondo ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ngumhlaza kwaye zenze ii-tumor zeeseli ze-germ. Ezi tumor zinokusasazeka ziye kwi-spinal cord kunye ne-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

6. Iithumba ze-Choroid plexus

Ezi thumba ziqala kwi -choroid plexus, izicubu ezijikeleze ii-ventricles zobuchopho. Zinokuba zingenabungozi (ezifana ne-choroid plexus papilloma) okanye zibe nomhlaza (ezifana ne-choroid plexus carcinoma). Ii-papillomas ze-choroid plexus papillomas ezingaqhelekanga ziithumba ezihlaselayo. Zinokuba ngumhlaza ukuba azinyangwa.

7. IiSchwannomas

Ezi zifo ziqala kwiiseli zeSchwann, ezigubungela imithambo-luvo ebuchotsheni. Ezi ntlobo zezifo zihlala zikhula kufutshane nemithambo-luvo ebandakanyeka ekuveni nasekulinganiseni. Ukuba zikhula kufutshane nomqolo, zinokubangela ubuthathaka kunye neengxaki zokuva. IiSchwannoma zihlala zingenawo umhlaza (ezingenobungozi), kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ngumhlaza (ezinobungozi).

8. IiMeningiomas

Olu luhlobo lwethumba lobuchopho, kodwa aluxhaphakanga ebantwaneni. I-Meningiomas iqala kwiinwebu ezijikeleze ubuchopho, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-meninges . Zinokungena engqondweni nakwi-spinal cord. Uninzi lwe-meningiomas alunamhlaza, kodwa lunokukhula lube nkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba lube yingozi kubomi.

Khawucinge nje, uhlobo ngalunye lwale ngxaki lwahlukile. Yiyo loo nto iimpawu kunye nonyango zahlukile.

Yintoni ebangela umhlaza wobuchopho?

Izazinzulu azikayazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni iiseli eziphilileyo zikhula zingalawuleki kwaye zenze iithumba. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezininzi ekucingelwa ukuba zidlala indima:

• Utshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo kwizakhi zofuzo zeseli.
• Ilifa leejini ezakha umhlaza.
• Ndifumene unyango lwe-radiation lomnye umhlaza ngaphambili.

Kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwezinye iithumba zobuchopho zobuntwana kunye neqela leengxaki zempilo ezibonakala zinxulumene nezibizwa ngokuba zii-cancer syndromes. Iingcali zisaphanda olu nxibelelwano.

Ezinye izifo zomhlaza ezinokuba nolu nxibelelwano zezi:

• Isifo seLi-Fraumeni
• Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis I
• Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis II
• I-Tuberous sclerosis
• Isifo sikaVon-Hippel Lindau
• I-Nevus basal cell carcinoma syndrome okanye i-Gorlin syndrome
• Isifo seCowden
• I-Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
• Isifo seLynch

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wobuchopho kumntwana?

Iimpawu zethumba lobuchopho zinokwahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwethumba, ubukhali balo, ukukhula kwalo ngokukhawuleza, kunye nendawo elikuyo engqondweni. Ngoko ke ayingomntwana wonke oza kuba neempawu ezifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Ukulala kakhulu.
• Intloko ebuhlungu eyenzeka kusasa ize iphele emva kokuba umntwana ehlanze.
• Ukwanda kobukhulu bentloko (ububanzi bentloko) kwiintsana.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza, ingakumbi xa kuhamba nentloko ebuhlungu kungekhona urhudo.
• Ubunzima bokubona, ukuva, okanye ukuthetha.
• Iingxaki zokulinganisela (ukukhubeka xa uhamba, ukuziva ngathi uza kuwa).
• Ukungabikho kokulungelelaniswa kwamalungu omzimba (njengobunzima bokubamba izinto, ubunzima bokulawula amalungu omzimba).
• Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela yokuziphatha (njengokuba nenkani ngakumbi kunangaphambili, ukucaphuka msinya).
• Ukuziva ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lengalo, umlenze, okanye umzimba womntwana.
• Ukuxhuzula.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Ezi azisoloko ziyimpawu zomhlaza wobuchopho, kodwa bubulumko ukuya kuhlolwa.

Uyifumanisa njani ithumba lobuchopho kumntwana omncinci?

Ukuba ugqirha urhanela ukuba umntwana unethumba lobuchopho, uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi. Ezi zingabandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba: Ugqirha uza kujonga impilo yomntwana ngokubanzi. Uza kubuza ngeempawu zomntwana, imbali yakhe yezonyango, kunye nembali yezonyango yosapho.
• Uvavanyo lwe-neurological: Olu vavanyo lujonga indlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yomntwana. Lujonga izinto ezifana nesimo sengqondo, ibhalansi, ulungelelwaniso, imvakalelo, kunye nokusabela.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Ugqirha unokuyalela uvavanyo ukuze afumane imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho bomntwana wakho kunye/okanye umqolo. Umzekelo , iskena se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), iskena se-CT (Computed Tomography), okanye iskena se-PET (Positron Emission Tomography) . Ngamanye amaxesha, into ekhethekileyo inokufakwa kwimithambo yegazi yomntwana wakho ngaphambi kolu vavanyo. Oku kunceda iiseli zomhlaza zibonakale ngokucacileyo kwiskena.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Kukho uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-serum marker . Olu vavanyo lunokulinganisa izinto ezinxulumene nomhlaza (ii-tumor markers) emzimbeni womntwana.
• I-Biopsy: I-biopsy ibandakanya ukuthatha isampuli encinci yezicubu ezivela kwithumba kunye nokuhlola iiseli phantsi kwe-microscope. Oku kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwethumba kunye nokuba lingumhlaza okanye akunjalo.
• Ukumpompa komqolo/Ukubhoboza iLumbar: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ufaka inaliti ekhethekileyo emqolo womntwana wakho aze asuse inani elincinci lolwelo (CSF) olujikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo. Olu lwelo lwelo luvavanywa emva koko ukuba alunazo iiseli ezingaqhelekanga.

Ukuba ezi mvavanyo zifumanisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga, iqela lezonyango liza kufumanisa ukuba ingaba ithumba alinabungozi okanye linomhlaza. Basenokunika ithumba izinga elithile ukuze kuchongwe ubukhali balo kunye nokuba likhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani:

• Iintsholongwane zeBanga loku-1: Zikhula kancinci. Iintsholongwane zifana kakhulu neentsholongwane eziqhelekileyo.
• Iithumba zeBanga lesi-2: Zikhula kancinci kwaye azinakwenzeka ukuba zisasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Iiseli zethumba aziqhelekanga.
• Iithumba zeBanga lesi-3 okanye lesi-4: Ezi ziithumba ezinobungozi. Zinobundlongondlongo ngakumbi kwaye zinethuba eliphezulu lokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zobuchopho. Iiseli ngokucacileyo aziqhelekanga.

Zinyangwa njani iithumba zobuchopho ebantwaneni?

Ukuba ithumba lobuchopho libangela umhlaza okanye libangela umntwana wakho ukuba abe neempawu ezingathandekiyo, umntwana wakho uya kufuna unyango. Unyango luxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nohlobo lwethumba, apho likhoyo, kunye nokuba lisasazeke ngokukhawuleza kangakanani . Iindlela zonyango zingabandakanya:

• Utyando: Utyando lunokwenziwa ukuze kususwe yonke ithumba okanye inxalenye yalo, okanye kususwe ulwelo olubangela uxinzelelo engqondweni.
• Unyango lwe-chemotherapy, unyango olujoliswe kulo, unyango lwe-immunotherapy, okanye amanye amayeza: Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukunciphisa iimpawu.
• Unyango ngemitha:Ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kusetyenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu.
• Ukuvuselelwa: Ukuba ithumba lichaphazele intetho yomntwana, ibhalansi, okanye ezinye izakhono, kunceda ukubuyisela ezo zakhono.

Iyintoni imbono yokuchacha kwabantwana abaneethumba zobuchopho?

Isiganeko sokuchacha ebantwaneni abaneethumba zobuchopho siyahluka kakhulu. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela oku:

• Ubudala bomntwana kunye nempilo yakhe ngokubanzi.
• Indawo yethumba ebuchotsheni.
• Ubungakanani bethumba.
• Uhlobo lwesiqhamo.
• Uhlobo lwethumba.
• Impumelelo yonyango ekususeni lonke okanye inxalenye yalo mhlaza.
• Ingaba ithumba lisasazeke nakwezinye iindawo.

Ithumba elikhulu nelinamandla linokuba yingozi ebomini, kodwa ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili ekuxilongweni nasekunyangweni, abantwana baya bechacha ngakumbi.

Ngaba ithumba lobuchopho lomntwana lingabuya emva konyango?

Ewe, ithumba lobuchopho elivele ebuntwaneni linokuphinda libuye ebuntwaneni okanye ebudaleni.

Ukuphinda-phinda kuthetha ukuba ithumba elitsha nelahlukileyo linokuvela, okanye ezinye iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ezazishiywe engqondweni emva konyango zinokukhula kwakhona kwaye ithumba elidala linokukhula kwakhona.

Ngaba zikho iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wobuchopho kubantwana?

Ngenxa yokuba izazinzulu azikaqondi ngokupheleleyo ukuba yintoni ebangela iithumba zobuchopho, okwangoku azikho iindlela eziqinisekisiweyo zokuzithintela.

Ndingayibuza ntoni ugqirha malunga nomhlaza wobuchopho bomntwana wam?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza iqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho le mibuzo:

• Iphi i-brain tumor?
• Ngaba ityhala kwiindawo ezingqongileyo zobuchopho?
• Ingaba oku kuyingozi okanye kuyingozi?
• Ingaba oku kusasazeka nakwezinye iindawo, okanye kukho ithuba lokuba kusasazeka?
• Ingakanani inqanaba lesiqhamo?
• Loluphi unyango olucebisayo?
• Zithini iingozi kunye nemiphumo emibi yezo ndlela zonyango?
• Zithini amathuba okuba oku kubuye emva konyango?
• Ngaba umntwana wam unesifo somhlaza esinokubangela ezinye iingxaki zempilo?

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye wothukile xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho unethumba lobuchopho. Usenokungazi ukuba ubhenele kubani ukuze ufumane uncedo, into omawuyenze, okanye indlela yokujongana nalo. Kodwa awuwedwa. Kukho izixhobo ezininzi kunye namaqela enkxaso afumanekayo ukunceda, ukuthetha nawo, kunye nokwabelana ngamava. Ukuthetha nezinye iintsapho ezidlula kumava afanayo kunokuba ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla ngeli xesha linzima. Nangona ezinye iithumba zinokuba yingozi ebomini, inkqubela phambili ekuxilongweni nasekunyangweni ivumele abantwana abaninzi ukuba baphile. Musa ukunikezela.

Izinto ekufuneka uzazi (Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya)

• Iithumba zobuchopho ebantwaneni zizinto ezingaqhelekanga ezikhula kwiiseli zobuchopho. Zinokuba ngumhlaza okanye zingabi ngumhlaza.
• Ukuba uneempawu ezifana neentloko ezibuhlungu rhoqo, ukuhlanza, utshintsho kwindlela oziphatha ngayo, okanye ubunzima bokuhamba, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.
• Esi sifo sinokuchongwa ngovavanyo olufana ne-MRI, i-CT scan, kunye ne-biopsy.
• Kukho iindlela zonyango ezifana notyando, i-chemotherapy, kunye nonyango lwe-radiation.
• Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kwandisa amathuba okuchacha ebantwaneni. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungabi naxhala, kodwa kukufumana ulwazi olufanelekileyo kunye noncedo lwezonyango.

I- Brain Tumor, I-Brain Tumor yabantwana, I-Brain Tumor, Umhlaza wabantwana, i-Glioma, i-Medulloblastoma, Iimpawu zoMhlaza, Unyango loMhlaza woBuchongo