Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci unazo ezi mpawu? - Masifunde ngee-Embryonic Tumors

Ngaba umntwana wakho uhlala ephathwa ziintloko ezibuhlungu? Okanye ngaba uqaphele naluphi na utshintsho ekukhuleni komntwana wakho? Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinto zinokuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho into ethile ebangela inkxalabo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enokuvela kubantwana abanjalo, kodwa asikayiva kangako, kwaye inokuba yingozi kancinci. Oko kukukhula kwee-embryonic tumors, okanye `(Embryonal Tumors)`. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngendlela elula.

Zithini ezi thumba ze-embryonic? Masiqonde ngqo?

Ngamafutshane, ithumba elivela kwi-embryonal lithumba lobuchopho elivela kwiiseli ezikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ezi seli zivela kwiiseli ezishiywe xa umntwana wayesesibelekweni, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lesigaba se-embryonic. Ezi seli ze-embryonic, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"Embryonic cells," zinomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kwizigaba zokuqala zokukhula komzimba womntwana. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, nasemva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, ezinye zezi seli ze-embryonic zinokuhlala engqondweni. Zizisele eziseleyo eziqala ukukhula zibe zii-embryonal tumors.

Ezi thumba zichaphazela kakhulu abantwana. Ezinye zinomhlaza, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokuba yingozi (ziyingozi). Ezinye azinamhlaza, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokuba yingozi (ziyingozi). Amaxesha amaninzi, zikhula engqondweni. Ngamanye amaxesha zinokukhula ecaleni komqolo. Eyona nto iyingozi kukuba ezi thumba zinokusasazeka ngolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF), ulwelo olumanzi olujikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo. Ezona ntlobo ziyingozi zinokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibe yingozi ebomini.

Ugqirha wakho usenokubiza ezi thumba ze-embryonal okanye ``Embryomas.'' Ngaphambili, ezi zazibizwa ngokuba yi-``Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET)''.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zomhlaza we-embryonal? Zithini ezo?

Ewe, ezi thumba ze-embryonic nazo zahlulwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lubizwa ngokuba yi-"Medulloblastoma." Oku kuvela kwinxalenye ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Cerebellum." Oko kukuthi, ngasemva, inxalenye esezantsi yengqondo yomntwana wakho.

Kukho ezinye iintlobo zeethumba ze-embryonal ezingezizo "iMedulloblastoma". Nazi:

• `(I-teratoid/rhabdoid tumor engaqhelekanga - AT/RT)`: Oku kukwakhula nakwi-cerebellum (umva wobuchopho).
• `(Ithumba le-Embryonal elinee-rosette ezininzi - ii-ETMR)`: Eli hlulwe njenge-`(C19MC-altered)` okanye `(NOS - ayichazwanga ngenye indlela)`. Likhula kwi-`(Cerebrum)` (oko kukuthi, eyona ndawo inkulu phezulu nangaphambili kwengqondo) kunye nomthambo womqolo.
• `(Medulloepithelioma)`: Oku kukhula engqondweni, emgogodleni, nakwimithambo-luvo engaphandle komgogodleni. Ezi zizifo zomhlaza ezikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu nezinobundlongondlongo. Zihlala zikhula kubantwana abancinci kakhulu, kwaye amathuba okuchacha aphantsi.
• I-neuroblastoma yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi: Oku kuvela kwiingqimba zezicubu ezijikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo nakwizicubu zemithambo-luvo ze-cerebellum.
• `(I-Cribriform neuroepithelial tumor)`:Oku kwenzeka kwimingxuma egcwele ulwelo (ii-ventricles) ngaphakathi kwengqondo.

Zixhaphake kangakanani ezi cancer? Ngubani onokuba nazo ngakumbi?

Ngokwezibalo zase-US, ezi thumba ze-embryonic zimalunga ne-12% yazo zonke iithumba zobuchopho kubantwana abaneminyaka eyi-0 ukuya kweyi-14. Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo esithethe ngalo ngaphambili, ``Medulloblastoma``, lolona luxhaphakileyo - oko kukuthi, ngaphezulu kwe-68% yazo zonke iithumba ze-embryonic. ``Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors - AT/RT`` zimalunga ne-17%.

Ezi cancer zixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci. Nangona zinokuvela kubantu abadala, azixhaphakanga. Umzekelo, uhlobo `(AT/RT)` luxhaphake kakhulu kubafana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Uhlobo `(ETMRs)` luxhaphake kakhulu kumantombazana angaphantsi kweminyaka emi-4 ubudala.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wosana olungekazalwa? Jonga ukuba umntwana wakho unazo na ezi mpawu

Iimpawu zeethumba zobuchopho zingahluka kumntu nomntu. Zixhomekeke kubudala bomntwana, uhlobo lwethumba, kunye nokuba likwindawo engakanani engqondweni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonwa:

• Intloko ebuhlungu, ingakumbi kusasa.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ukuziva udiniwe, udiniwe, kwaye ulele ngalo lonke ixesha.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokubona (umz. ukubona okufipheleyo, ukubona kabini).
• Ukuxhuzula.

Khawucinge nje, umntwana wakho akasabaleki edlala njengangaphambili, uhlala esithi "Mama, intloko yam ibuhlungu," kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uyahlanza kwangoko xa evuka kusasa. Ukuba ezi zinto ziyaqhubeka, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokubonakala nakwiintsana:

• Intloko iba nkulu njengoko iminyaka ikhula.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha (umz., ukukhala rhoqo, ukucaphuka, ukungazinzi).
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi xa uhamba okanye ubaleka, njengokulahlekelwa kukulungelelanisa umzimba.
• Ukungatyi kakuhle luphawu lokungondleki kakuhle.
• Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yophuhliso efanelekileyo ngokweminyaka (umz., ukungahlali, ukuma, okanye ukuthetha ngendlela efanelekileyo ngokweminyaka).

Kutheni le nto lo mhlaza wosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa uvela? Yintoni unobangela?

Umhlaza uvela xa iiseli zikhula kwaye zahlukana ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ngaphezu kokuba kufanele. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi abakaqiniseki ukuba kutheni ezi seli ze-embryonic ezisele ziguquka ngequbuliso zibe zii-tumor ze-embryonic.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na izinto ezibangela umngcipheko ezichaphazela uphuhliso lwalo mhlaza?

Ewe, ezinye iimeko zofuzo zinokunyusa umngcipheko womntwana wakho wokuba nohlobo lomhlaza we-embryonic obizwa ngokuba yi-"Medulloblastoma." Ezi meko ziquka:

• `(Isifo seTurcot)`
• `(Isifo sikaRubinstein-Taybi)`
• `(Isifo sikaGorlin)`
• `(Isifo sikaLi-Fraumeni)`
• `(I-Fanconi anemia)`

Ezi zizifo ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu, kodwa ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onale meko, kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zomhlaza we-embryonic? Ngaba uyingozi?

Iingxaki ezibangelwa ngumhlaza wosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba yingozi ebomini. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku. Iingxaki eziphambili ezinokubonwa zezi:

• I-Hydrocephalus yimeko apho ingqondo izaliswe lulwelo kwaye uxinzelelo luyanda. Oku kungonakalisa ingqondo.
• Ukonakala kwengqondo.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo - Oku kuthetha ukuba amandla okucinga nokufunda ayachaphazeleka.
• Utshintsho kumsebenzi we-hormone (i-Endocrinopathies).

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le hlobo lomhlaza? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye zeempawu esizixubushileyo ngaphambili, okanye ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nempilo yomntwana wakho, bonana nogqirha womntwana wakho ngoko nangoko. Ugqirha unokuxilonga umhlaza wosana olungekazalwa ngokumxilonga umntwana wakho aze enze uvavanyo olufunekayo.

Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngeempawu zomntwana wakho, imbali yakhe yempilo, kunye nokuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho okhe waba nezigulo ezifanayo.

Uvavanyo olwenziweyo ukuqinisekisa ngokuchanekileyo isifo zezi:

• Iskeni ye-MRI.
• Iskeni `(CT)`.
• Ukubhobozwa kwe-lumbar yinkqubo equka ukuthatha ulwelo oluncinci kumqolo. Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile na.
• Ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu kwithumba size silihlolisise (iBiopsy). Oku kusinceda sifumanise uhlobo lomhlaza oluchanekileyo.

Luluphi unyango lwale nto? Ngaba umntwana uza kuphila?

Unyango lomhlaza wamasende luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza, ubungakanani bethumba, kunye nendawo elikuyo. Iindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Utyando lokususa isisu kukususa isisu ngotyando.
• Unyango ngemitha.
• Ukunika amayeza okulwa nomhlaza (iChemotherapy).
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo (ezi ziziyobisi ezithile).

Amaxesha amaninzi, umntwana wakho usenokufuna unyango olungaphezulu kwesinye. Umzekelo, oogqirha baya kuyisusa ithumba ngokukhuselekileyo kangangoko ngotyando. Emva koko, banokunika i-chemotherapy ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo okanye ukunciphisa ithumba ngakumbi.

Uphando oluthe kratya lwenziwa ngolu hlobo lomhlaza wesisu, kwaye umntwana wakho unokufaneleka kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi ukuze kufunyanwe unyango olutsha.

Kuqhelekile ukuziva uxinezelekile kwaye uxinezelekile ngeli xesha losizi. Abazali abaninzi bafumanisa ukuba banokujoyina iqela lenkxaso okanye bathethe nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo ngeli xesha linzima. Oogqirha kunye nabongikazi abanyanga umntwana wakho baya kukufundisa nendlela yokuxhasa nokuthuthuzela umntwana wakho ngeli xesha.

Ingaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango? Zithini ezo?

Ewe, njengazo zonke iindlela zonyango, kunokubakho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokwenzeka emva kotyando:

• Ukopha.
• Ihlwili legazi.
• Usulelo.
• Umonakalo wemithambo-luvo.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ze-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy ziquka (kodwa azipheleli apho):

• Ndidiniwe.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ukulahleka kweenwele.
• Ukunganyamezelani nolusu, ukuba bomvu.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.

Eminye imihlaza ingabuya nasemva kokuba inyangiwe kwaye isusiwe.

Ithini ingxelo yokubikezela ukuba esi sifo siza kuqala?

Indlela umntwana wakho agula ngayo, oko kukuthi, amathuba okuchacha, ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezinje:

• Uhlobo lomhlaza.
• Apho umhlaza ukhoyo.
• Nokuba umhlaza usasazekile okanye awusasazekanga.
• Ubudala bomntwana.
• Iziphumo zotyando okanye unyango lwangaphambili.
• Impilo yomntwana ngokubanzi.

Ezinye iithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane zinamandla kakhulu, zisasazeka lula, kwaye zinokubuya nasemva konyango. Ezinye zisenokuba zingenabungozi. Ugqirha womntwana wakho ngumntu ongcono onokukuxelela ngesifo esingalindelekanga.

Kunokuthiwani ngobomi bomntwana kule meko?

Kunzima ukunika impendulo ecacileyo malunga nobude bobomi babantwana abanale meko, njengoko iyahluka. Umzekelo, olunye uphando lubike ukuba malunga ne-33% yabantwana abaneMedulloblastoma bafa ngenxa yeengxaki. Kwii-tumor ezinzulu ze-embryonal ezifana ne-ETMR, ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokusinda emva kokuxilongwa limalunga neenyanga ezili-12.

Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lokuphila komntwana wakho linokwahluka kwelabanye abantwana abanohlobo olufanayo lomhlaza. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobukhulu bethumba kunye nendawo elikuyo. Iqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho liza kukunika ulwazi lwamva nje malunga neendlela zonyango kunye nonyango olungcono lwangoku olunokuphucula amathuba okusinda komntwana wakho.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu zomhlaza wosana olungekazalwa kumntwana wakho , qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha:

• Ukuba uphoswa ziindlela zophuhliso ezifanelekileyo ngokweminyaka yakho.
• Ukuba kukho utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela yokuziphatha.
• Ukuba unengxaki yokutya, ukuba uphelelwe ngumdla wokutya.
• Ukuba uneengxaki zokulinganisela xa uhamba okanye ubaleka.
• Ukuba uhlala uziva unesicaphucaphu okanye uhlanza.

Okona kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba umntwana wakho unesithuthwane, fowunela u-911 (okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni) ngoko nangoko, okanye umse kwisebe lezonyango ezingxamisekileyo lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Ngexesha elinje, usenokuba nemibuzo emininzi. Musa ukoyika ukubuza ugqirha wakho yonke into esengqondweni yakho. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo ebalulekileyo onokuyibuza:

• Iphi ithumba?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango olucetyiswayo?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Ndingamxhasa njani umntwana wam ngeli xesha lonyango?
• Ithini i-prognosis (ithuba lokuchacha) yesigulo somntwana wam?

Umyalezo obalulekileyo kubazali (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika, ungenakunceda, kwaye uxhalabile xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho unesimila esisongela ubomi. Kunokuba nzima ukunyamezela ukuba umntwana kufuneka enziwe utyando aze afumane unyango oluqatha olufana ne-chemotherapy emncinci kangaka. Ukuthuthuzela umntwana ngelo xesha kunokuba nzima kakhulu.

Kodwa khumbula oku: Nangona olu hlobo lomhlaza lungaqhelekanga, iqela lezonyango elinyanga umntwana wakho liqeqeshwe kakhulu kwaye linamava. Liza kwenza konke okusemandleni alo ukunciphisa iingxaki kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango, kwaye linike umntwana wakho intuthuzelo kunye nenkathalo ayidingayo ngeli xesha lohambo olunzima.

Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba wenze ntoni okanye ungamnceda njani umntwana wakho, thetha noogqirha bomntwana wakho. Banokukuchazela imeko yomntwana wakho kunye nekamva lakhe. Banokukubonisa nezinye izixhobo, ezinjengokuthetha nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo okanye ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso.

Ngeli xesha, kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu ukuzihlanganisa nabahlobo kunye nosapho oluthembayo nolunokuthetha nalo.

Iithumba ze - Embryonic, Iithumba zobuchopho, Umhlaza wobuntwana, Iimpawu zomhlaza, Unyango lomhlaza, iMedulloblastoma