Xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ukuba inqanaba le-cholesterol egazini lakho liphezulu, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenze kukutshintsha indlela otya ngayo nendlela ophila ngayo. Oko kuthetha ukunciphisa amafutha agcweleyo, ukususa ngokupheleleyo amafutha e-trans, ukunciphisa iswekile, kunye nokwenza umthambo rhoqo. Ukuba wenza ezi zinto, kodwa i-cholesterol yakho "embi", okanye i-LDL cholesterol , ayinciphi njengoko ufuna, ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela ukuba uqale ukuthatha amayeza. Kodwa khumbula, nokuba uthatha amayeza, kusafuneka uqhubeke nemikhwa emihle oyikhankanyileyo ngaphambili.
Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi iimithi ezinikwa ngoogqirha zokunciphisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo.
Iindidi eziphambili zamayeza okunciphisa i-cholesterol
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza amiselwe ukunciphisa i-cholesterol. Makhe sithethe ngelinye nelinye ngokwahlukeneyo.
Iistatini
La ngamayeza okuqala anokuthi oogqirha bawanike abantu abane-cholesterol ephezulu. La mayeza anciphisa kakhulu i-cholesterol yakho embi (LDL). Akwanceda ekunciphiseni i-triglycerides, olunye uhlobo lwamafutha egazini, kwaye anyuse kancinci amanqanaba e-cholesterol yakho "elungileyo" (HDL).
Uphando lufumanise ukuba umngcipheko wokufumana izifo ezinxulumene nentliziyo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo uncitshiswa kakhulu xa kusetyenziswa ii-statins.
Imizekelo yamayeza e-statin:
- I-Atorvastatin (Atorvaliq, Lipitor)
- I-Fluvastatin (iLescol)
- I-Lovastatin
- IPitavastatin (iLivalo)
- IPravastatin (iPravachol)
- I-Rosuvastatin calcium (Crestor)
- I-Simvastatin (iZocor)
Iziphumo Ezingalindelekanga: Abanye abantu banokuba neengxaki zesisu (ezifana nokuqaqamba kwesisu kunye nokudumba), ukonakala kwesibindi (okungaqhelekanga kakhulu), kunye nokudumba kwemisipha. Kunokubakho nokwanda okuncinci komngcipheko weswekile ephezulu yegazi kunye nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. Nangona kunjalo, i-FDA ithi iingenelo zale mayeza zingaphezulu kweengozi.
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba usela amayeza e-statin, kuphephe ukutya i-grapefruit kunye nokusela ijusi ye-grapefruit ngokupheleleyo, njengoko i-grapefruit inokwenza kube nzima emzimbeni wakho ukufunxa la mayeza.
Amayeza asebenza emathunjini
La mayeza anokwahlulwa abe ngamacandelo amabini aphambili.
1. IiResins zeBile Acid
La mayeza asebenza ngaphakathi emathunjini akho. Ngamafutshane, anamathela kwinyongo, ekhutshwa sisibindi, kwaye ayithintele ukuba ingangeni egazini. Inyongo yenziwe kakhulu yi-cholesterol. Ngoko ke le nkqubo inciphisa ubungakanani be-cholesterol emzimbeni.
- Imizekelo: I-Cholestyramine (Prevalite), i-Colesevelam (WelChol), i-Colestipol (Colestid)
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga: Ukuqhina, ukudumba, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwesisu zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo.
2. Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Olu luhlobo olwahlukileyo lwamayeza. I-Ezetimibe isebenza ngokuthintela ukufunxwa kwe-cholesterol emathunjini akho amancinci. Idla ngokunikezelwa kunye ne-statin. Kufunyaniswe ukuba kubantu abaye bahlaselwa yintliziyo, ukuthatha eli yeza kunye ne-statin kunokunciphisa kancinci umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kwakhona.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga: Iintlungu zemisipha, iintlungu zomqolo, urhudo, kunye nentlungu yesisu zinokwenzeka.
Amanye amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol
Ukongeza kumayeza akhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, siza kwazi nangamanye amayeza aliqela asetyenziswa kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo.
| Uhlobo lweyeza | Inkcazo kunye nokusetyenziswa |
|---|---|
| Izithinteli ze-PCSK9 Umzekelo: Alirocumab (Praluent), Evolocumab (Repatha) | Ezi luhlobo olutsha lwamayeza. Zinikwa abantu abanamanqanaba e-cholesterol angenakulawulwa ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila kunye nee-statins. Zisetyenziswa ukongeza kwii-statins, ngakumbi kubantu abanesimo semfuza esibangela i-cholesterol ephezulu (Heterozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia - HeFH) nakubantu abanesifo sentliziyo. Zinikwa inaliti rhoqo kwiiveki ezi-2. |
| I-Niacin (ivithamini B3) Umzekelo: uNiaspan, uNiacor | Le yivithamini B. Xa inikwa njengeyeza ngeedosi eziphezulu, inciphisa i-LDL kwaye inyuse i-HDL. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina bokuba ukuthatha i-niacin kunye ne-statin kunciphisa ngakumbi umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo. |
| IiFibrates Umzekelo: iFenofibrate, iGemfibrozil (iLopid) | Ezi zinceda kakhulu ekunciphiseni uhlobo lwamafutha olubizwa ngokuba yi-triglycerides. Zinokunyusa amanqanaba e-cholesterol alungileyo (HDL). |
| Izithinteli ze-ACL Umzekelo: iBempedoic (iNexletol) | La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela ukuveliswa kwe-cholesterol esibindini. Anikwa ngokukodwa abantu abane-HeFH kunye nesifo sentliziyo esine-atherosclerotic (ASCVD). |
Ilizwi malunga ne-Omega-3s
Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba izongezo zeoyile yentlanzi zinokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo. Kodwa akukho bungqina bucacileyo boku. Nangona kunjalo, izongezo zeomega-3 ezinamandla kagqirha zinokunciphisa amanqanaba e-triglyceride. Ngoko ke, musa ukuthenga nje iikhaphu zeoyile yentlanzi kwikhemesti uze uzithathele ngokwakho. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
Lumka kwezi zinto xa usebenzisa amayeza
Xa usela amayeza e-cholesterol, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuba awuyithathi ngokuchanekileyo, awuyi kufumana luncedo olupheleleyo lwamayeza.
- Yazi kakuhle into oyisela iyeza. Yiqonde kakuhle imeko yakho kunye nendlela elisebenza ngayo iyeza.
- Sela amayeza akho ngexesha elifanayo yonke imihla. Yenza oku kube ngumkhwa.
- Musa ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza akho okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho. Nokuba uzive ungcono ngoku, thatha amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwe de ugqirha wakho akuxelele.
- Yenza ishedyuli yokusela amayeza akho. Kulula ukusebenzisa ibhokisi yeepilisi ephawulwe ngeentsuku zeveki. Yizalise ekuqaleni kweveki.
- Ukuba ixabiso liyingxaki, thetha nogqirha wakho. Musa ukunciphisa umthamo wakho ukuze wonge imali. Ukwenza njalo akuyi kuvelisa ziphumo.
- Musa ukusebenzisa amanye amayeza okanye amayeza esintu athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha ngaphandle kokujonga ugqirha wakho kuqala. Ezinye izinto zinokuchaphazela amayeza akho e-cholesterol.
- Ukuba uphoswe yidosi, yithathe ngokukhawuleza xa ukhumbula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sele kuza kufuneka uyithathe idosi elandelayo, yitsibe idosi oyiphosileyo uze uyithathe ngexesha elizayo. Buza ugqirha wakho ngale nto kwangaphambili.
- Xa uhamba, gcina amayeza akho ekufutshane. Ukuba uza kuhamba iintsuku eziliqela, thatha ubuncinane amayeza alingana neveki kunye nekopi yeresiphi.
- Ngaphambi kokuba wenze utyando phantsi kwe-anesthesia, njengokukhupha izinyo, xelela ugqirha ngamayeza owasebenzisayo.
- Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokusela utywala. Utywala bunokunyusa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamanye amayeza kwaye bunciphise ukusebenza kwawo.
- Ukuba unengxaki yokuqonda oko kuthethwa ngugqirha, hamba nomhlobo okanye ilungu losapho olithembayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Into yokuqala neyona ibalulekileyo yokulawula i-cholesterol kukugcina ukutya okunempilo kunye nendlela yokuphila esebenzayo .
- Unyango luluncedo nje kuloo ndlela yokuphila. Musa ukuyeka imikhwa emihle kuba nje usebenzisa amayeza.
- Sela amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho, ngedosi efanelekileyo, ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ixesha elifanelekileyo. Ungaze uyeke ukuwasela wedwa.
- Ukuba ufumana naluphi na uvakalelo olungaqhelekanga okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kumayeza, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Yazisa ugqirha wakho malunga neminye imithi okanye izongezo ozithathayo.
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