Ngaba uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi lubonise ukuba i-cholesterol yakho iphezulu kancinci? Okanye ukhathazekile kancinci kuba umntu kusapho lwakho une-cholesterol? Uninzi lwethu luyoyika xa sisiva igama elithi 'cholesterol'. Kodwa ukuba siliqonda kakuhle kwaye sililawula ngokufanelekileyo, yinto enokulawulwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku kuba kwandisa umngcipheko wezifo ezinzulu ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha. Namhlanje, masithethe ngendlela yokulawula le cholesterol.
Uyikhetha njani indlela yonyango ekufaneleyo?
I-cholesterol ayifani kumntu wonke, ngoko ke unyango alufani kumntu wonke. Ugqirha wakho uza kudala isicwangciso sonyango esijolise kuwe ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka:
- Ingxelo yenqanaba le-cholesterol egazini lakho: Ukuba i-cholesterol yakho iphezulu kangakanani.
- Ubudala kunye nembali yosapho: Ubudala bakho, nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho one-cholesterol ephezulu okanye isifo sentliziyo.
- Ezinye iimeko zonyango ezikhoyo ngoku: Ngaba unezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye utyebile kakhulu?
- Ukhetho lwakho: Abanye abantu bathanda ukulawula indlela abatya ngayo, ngelixa abanye bekhetha ukusela ipilisi yonke imihla. Ukhetho lwakho lubalulekile nalapha.
- Umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo: Umngcipheko wakho wokuba nesifo sentliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, okanye isifo sohlangothi kwiminyaka eli-10 ezayo.
- Isifo sentliziyo esele sikhona: Ukuba sele unesifo sentliziyo okanye ukhe wahlaselwa yintliziyo okanye wafa yistroke ngaphambili.
Ngamafutshane, ukunyanga i-cholesterol kufana nokuthunga isuti. Kufuneka ilungiselelwe ukulingana nomlinganiselo womntu wonke.
Ngaba singafunda ngezi ntlobo ze-cholesterol kunye namanqanaba asempilweni?
Ugqirha wakho uza kukucela ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-"lipid profile." Olu luvavanyo olunokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo iintlobo ze-cholesterol egazini lakho kunye namanqanaba azo. Olu vavanyo lukwasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba unyango lwakho lusebenza kangakanani.
Nantsi indlela amanqanaba e-cholesterol yomntu ophilileyo afanele abonakale ngayo:
| Uhlobo lwekholesteroli | Inqanaba elisempilweni (kwi-mg/dL) |
|---|---|
| I-Cholesterol iyonke | Ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka eli-19, kufuneka ube ngaphantsi kwe-170. Kumntu omdala, kufuneka ibe phakathi kwe-125-200. |
| I-cholesterol ye-LDL (i-cholesterol embi) | Ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka eli-19, kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-110. Kumntu omdala, kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-100. |
| I-cholesterol ye-HDL (i-cholesterol elungileyo) | Amadoda kufuneka abe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40. Abafazi kufuneka babe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50. |
| Iitriglycerides | Bonke abantu abadala kufuneka babe ngaphantsi kwe-150. |
Kodwa khumbula, ukuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo, ugqirha wakho angakunika umgomo ophantsi. Umzekelo:
- Ukuba awunaso isifo sentliziyo kwaye usemngciphekweni omncinci, usukelo lwakho lwe-LDL lunokuba ngaphantsi kwe-100 mg/dL .
- Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo seswekile, ungaxelelwa ukuba usukelo lwakho lwe-LDL kufuneka lube ngaphantsi kwe-70 mg/dL .
Inyathelo lokuqala: Tshintsha indlela yakho yokuphila
Ixesha elininzi, ugqirha wakho akakuniki amayeza kuphela. Into yokuqala abaza kukuxelela yona kukutshintsha indlela yokuphila enempilo yentliziyo. Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol asemda, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka wenze olu tshintsho. Ukuba ezi zinto zinceda ekulawuleni i-cholesterol yakho, usenokungadingi kusela amayeza konke konke.
Nokuba usela amayeza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka nale mikhwa. Emva koko uya kukwazi ukunciphisa umthamo wamayeza.
Zithini ezi nguqu zendlela yokuphila?
- Ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo: Nciphisa ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi agcweleyo . Oku kuthetha ukunciphisa inyama ebomvu (inyama yenkomo, inyama yehagu), iimveliso zobisi ezinamafutha apheleleyo, kunye nokutya okunamafutha amaninzi. Endaweni yoko, yitya ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi e-omega-3 kunye ne-soluble fiber. Faka intlanzi, ii-oats, iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye namandongomane ekutyeni kwakho. Ziphephe ukutya okupakishwe kwiipakethe kunye nezinto ezibhakiweyo ezineswekile eninzi kunye namafutha e-trans .
- Ukuzilolonga: Ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki, kanye ngeminiYenza umthambo ofana nokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukubaleka, okanye ukudada ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Yeka ukutshaya nokutshaya i-vape ngokupheleleyo. Akulunganga nokuba kufutshane nomnye umntu otshayayo (umsi otshayayo).
- Nciphisa utywala: Nciphisa isiselo esinye ngosuku kubafazi kunye neziselo ezimbini ngosuku kumadoda.
- Yehlisa umzimba: Ukuba utyebile kakhulu, zama ukunciphisa umzimba. Nokuba ulahlekelwa yi-10% yobunzima bakho bubonke kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumanqanaba akho e-cholesterol.
Kuphantsi kweziphi iimeko apho amayeza afunekayo?
Ukuba wenze utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kodwa amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol akalawuleki, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza. Amayeza anokuthi aqalwe kwiimeko ezifana nezi:
- Ukuba inqanaba le-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL liyi-190 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu.
- Ukuba uneminyaka ephakathi kwama-45-70 ubudala, unesifo seswekile, kwaye unezinga le-LDL eliyi-70 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu.
- Ukuba usengozini enkulu yesifo sentliziyo kwaye unenqanaba le-LDL eliyi-70 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu.
- Ukuba sele unesifo sentliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, okanye isifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze imithambo yegazi.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza anokusetyenziswa ukunciphisa i-cholesterol.
| Uhlobo lweziyobisi | Indlela esebenza ngayo kunye nemizekelo |
|---|---|
| Iistatini | Ezi zezona ntlobo zamayeza zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Zinciphisa ukuveliswa kwe-cholesterol sisibindi. Umzekelo: iAtorvastatin, iRosuvastatin, iSimvastatin. |
| I-Ezetimibe | Zinciphisa ukufunxwa kwe-cholesterol ekutyeni esikutyayo. Zihlala zinikwa kunye nee-statins. |
| Iziyobisi Ezibopha I-Bile Acid | Ibopha kwiiasidi ze-bile kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya kwaye ivumela isibindi ukuba sisebenzise i-cholesterol egqithisileyo. |
| IiFibrates | Inceda kakhulu ukunciphisa i-triglycerides kunye nokunyusa i-cholesterol elungileyo (i-HDL). |
| I-Niacin | Le yivithamini. Kodwa ungaze uyithathe ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho. |
| Amayeza anamhlanje | Kukwakho namayeza amatsha afana nee-PSCK9 inhibitors, ii-ACL inhibitors, kunye nonyango lwe-siRNA (umz. i-Inclisiran). La mayeza adla ngokunikwa abantu abanezifo ze-cholesterol ezizuzwe njengelifa (umz. i-HeFH) okanye abo kunzima ukulawula ngamanye amayeza. |
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukubona iziphumo?
Wakuba uqale ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo, ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga rhoqo. Emva kweeveki ezili-12 , baza kuhlola kwakhona i-cholesterol yakho baze bagqibe kwelokuba kufuneka wenze naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo okanye kwisicwangciso sakho sokuzilolonga.
Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol ayehli emva koko, ungacetyiswa ukuba uqalise amayeza. Emva kokuqala amayeza, igazi lakho liya kuvavanywa kwakhona kwiiveki ezi-4-8 ukuze kubonwe ukuba amayeza ayasebenza na. Emva koko, kudla ngokuba ngumbono olungileyo ukuba amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol ahlolwe kanye ngonyaka.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala unxibelelana nogqirha wakho. Buza imibuzo ukuba unemibuzo, kwaye uthethe ngayo nayiphi na inkxalabo onayo malunga nonyango lwakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-cholesterol ephezulu ayifanele yoyike, yinto enokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.
- Inyathelo lokuqala nelibaluleke kakhulu kukwamkela indlela yokuphila enempilo yentliziyo. Oko kuthetha ukutya kakuhle, ukuzilolonga, nokuphepha imikhwa emibi.
- Amayeza anikwa umntu ngamnye, kungekhona nje kuphela ngokwezinga le-cholesterol yakho, kodwa nakwimpilo yakho iyonke kunye nomngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.
- Ungaze uqale okanye uyeke ukuthatha amayeza e-cholesterol ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha okanye kuba nje umntu ekuxelele ukuba wenze njalo.
- Ungazigcina usempilweni ngokuhlala unxibelelana nogqirha wakho rhoqo kwaye uhlolwe rhoqo.
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