Isandi siyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu. Ilizwi lomntu esimthandayo, ingoma entle, ukuhleka komntwana omncinci... Zonke ezi zinto zizisa uvuyo olukhulu ebomini bethu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yokwaluphala okanye ngenxa yezinye iimeko zonyango, siyalahlekelwa kancinci zezi zandi zixabisekileyo. Kwabanye, ukusebenzisa 'i-Hearing Aid' kunokusombulula ingxaki. Kodwa kwabanye, nokuba kukho i-hearing aid, kunzima ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngokucacileyo. Kukwimeko ezinjalo apho oogqirha bathetha ngetekhnoloji ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Cochlear Implant'. Ke namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngale nto, ngokulula, ngolwimi esiluqondayo mna nawe.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-cochlear implant?
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba oku kufana nesixhobo sokuncedisa ukuva. Kodwa oko akulunganga. Ezi zizixhobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
- Isixhobo Sokuncedisa Ukuva: Cinga ngaso njengemakrofoni. Sithatha izandi ezikwindawo esingqongileyo, sizikhulise, size sizithumele endlebeni. Oko kukuthi, isixhobo sokuncedisa ukuva siluncedo kuphela xa iindawo zendlebe ezibamba isandi zisebenza kakuhle.
- I-Cochlear Implant: Oku kuyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi. Ngamafutshane, idlula kwiindawo ezonakeleyo zendlebe ize ithumele imiqondiso yesandi ngqo kwi-auditory nerve, eqhagamshelwe ebuchotsheni. Kufana nokwakha indlela entsha apho kukho indlela ephukileyo.
Esi sixhobo sidla ngokucetyiswa kubantu abanengxaki yokuva kakhulu okanye abanengxaki yokuva, okanye abo bangazuzi kangako kwii-hearing aid. Nangona sisenokungabuyiseli i-100% yokuva kwakho okulahlekileyo, sinokuphucula kakhulu amandla akho okuqonda intetho kunye nokuchonga izandi ezikufutshane.
Esi sixhobo sincinci senza njani umsebenzi omkhulu kangaka?
Ukuze siqonde indlela esebenza ngayo le nto, kufuneka siqale siqonde indlela esiva ngayo ngokuqhelekileyo. Xa isandi sifika ezindlebeni zethu, siyahamba siye kwindawo efana nenkumba ngaphakathi kwendlebe ebizwa ngokuba yi-cochlea . Ngaphakathi kule cochlea kukho amawaka eeseli zeemvakalelo ezintle kakhulu, ezifana neenwele (iiseli zeenwele zeemvakalelo). Ezi seli zezona ziguqula ukungcangcazela kwesandi zibe ziimpawu zombane ezinokuqondwa yingqondo. Rhoqo, ukulahleka kokuva kwenzeka xa ezi seli zeemvakalelo zonakele.
I-cochlear implant ithatha indawo yomsebenzi wezi seli ezonakeleyo. Ineenxalenye ezimbini:
1. Inxalenye engaphandle: Le inemakrofoni, iprosesa yesandi, kunye nesixhobo sokudlulisa.
2. Inxalenye efakelwe ngotyando: Le ine-receiver kunye nee-electrodes.
Ngoku makhe sibone indlela oku kusebenza ngayo inyathelo ngenyathelo:
- Inyathelo 1: Imakrofoni oyinxibayo emva kwendlebe yakho iyayiva isandi esivakalayo.
- Inyathelo lesi-2: Ezo zandi ziya kwiprosesa yesandi oyinxibayo kwaye ziguqulwa zibe ziisignali zedijithali.
- Inyathelo lesi-3: Ezi signali zedijithali zithunyelwa kwi-transmitter enamathele entlokweni ngemagnethi.
- Inyathelo lesi-4: Umthumeli uthumela imiqondiso kwisamkeli , esifakwa phantsi kwesikhumba ngotyando.
- Inyathelo lesi-5: Umamkeli uthumela ezo mpawu kwii -electrodes ezibekwe ngaphakathi kwi-cochlea.
- Inyathelo lesi-6: Ezi electrodes zivuselela ngokuthe ngqo i-auditory nerve .
- Inyathelo lesi-7: Okokugqibela, umthambo wokuva uthwala ezo mpawu uziyise engqondweni, ezitolika njengentetho, umculo, okanye ezinye izandi.
Ngamafutshane, oku kufana nokudala indlela emfutshane kwinkqubo yendalo yokuva.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando nasemva koko?
Le yinkqubo enamacandelo amabini: kuqala utyando, emva koko kusebenze isixhobo.
Utyando
Oku kudla ngokwenziwa yingcali yendlebe , impumlo, nomqala (otolaryngologist).
- Okokuqala, uza kufakwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia eqhelekileyo , ukuze ungaziva nto.
- Emva koko ugqirha wenza umngxuma omncinci emva kwendlebe aze enze umngxuma omncinci kakhulu kwithambo lekhakayi.
- Kukuloo mngxuma apho iindawo zangaphakathi zesixhobo (isamkeli kunye nee-electrode) zifakwa ngononophelo olukhulu.
- Ekugqibeleni, i-incision ivalwa kusetyenziswa izititshi ezinyibilikayo.
Olu asilotyando olukhulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ungaya ekhaya ngokuhlwa okufanayo (inkqubo yokunyanga ngaphandle).
Ukusebenza kwesixhobo
Emva kweeveki ezimbini emva kotyando, xa inxeba lipholile kakuhle, uza kucelwa ukuba ubuye. Kulapho ke esi sixhobo simangalisayo siza kuqaliswa ukusebenza okokuqala. Oku kwenziwa yingcali ye-audiologist.
- Emva koko, inxalenye engaphandle iya kuqhotyoshelwa entlokweni yakho kusetyenziswa imagnethi.
- Emva koko yivule uze ulungise/ubeke isixhobo kwimephu yezandi ozivayo.
- Izandi zisenokuba zingaqhelekanga ekuqaleni, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha ingqondo yakho iya kuqhelana nale ndlela intsha.
Zithini iingenelo kunye neengozi?
Njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango, kukho iingenelo kunye neengozi ezincinci kakhulu. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, iingenelo zingaphezulu kakhulu kuneengozi. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezo.
| Iinzuzo | Iingozi ezinokubakho |
|---|---|
| Ungathetha ngefowuni uze uthethe nakwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi. | Iingozi eziqhelekileyo zalo naluphi na utyando (ukunganyamezelani ne-anesthesia, usulelo). |
| I-Tinnitus, ukukhala kweendlebe okubangelwa kukulahlekelwa kukuva, iyancipha okanye iyanyamalala kubantu abaninzi. | Kukho ithuba elincinci kakhulu lokonakala kwemithambo-luvo kwindawo yotyando. |
| Abantwana abazalwa benengxaki yokuva banokufunda ukuthetha xa beneminyaka efanayo nabanye abantwana (kwanabantwana abangaphezu kweenyanga ezili-9 ubudala banokukwenza oku). | Umngcipheko we-meningitis (yingakho ugqirha enokucebisa ukuba ufumane isitofu ngaphambi kotyando). |
| Ubomi buyakhuseleka kuba beva izandi ezibonelela ngokhuseleko (ixilongo lemoto, umntu othethayo). | Ukuba kukho nayiphi na into eseleyo yokuva endlebeni, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ilahleke (kodwa ngetekhnoloji yanamhlanje ngoku inokugcinwa rhoqo). |
| Ikhono lokuphulaphula umculo liyabuyiselwa. | Amaxesha amaninzi, iingxaki zokulinganisela (ezifana nesiyezi) zinokwenzeka. |
Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuqhelana nale nto?
Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Musa ukulindela ukuba yonke into ivakale icacile kwaye iqhelekile emva kokuba ufumene i-cochlear implant. Ingqondo yakho kufuneka ifunde kwakhona indlela yokutolika ezi mpawu zintsha.
Ekuqaleni, ingakumbi kubantu abadala, amazwi asenokuvakala ngathi yirobhothi (eyenziwe ngoomatshini). Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ngexesha elifanelekileyo noqeqesho olufanelekileyo, oku kuya kuphela kwaye izandi ziya kuba zendalo ngakumbi.
Ngokwesiqhelo, uza kubona uphuculo olukhulu kwindlela ova ngayo kwisithuba senyanga usebenzisa esi sixhobo. Kungathatha iinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6 ukuze uzuze ngokupheleleyo kuso. Ngeli xesha, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe inxaxheba ekuvuseleleni ukuva kunye nengcali ye-audiologist okanye ingcali ye-speech-language pathologist. Ukuzinikela kwakho kuya kugqiba iziphumo.
Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuze olu hambo lube lula?
Ukuze ufumane okuninzi kolu nyango, kufuneka uzibophelele.
- Nxiba isixhobo rhoqo: Nxiba inxalenye engaphandle yesixhobo phantse ngalo lonke ixesha uvukile. Oku kuya kunceda ingqondo yakho iqhele ngokukhawuleza.
- Qiniseka ukuba uyaya kwiiseshoni zoqeqesho: Landela imiyalelo enikwe ngugqirha kunye nogqirha wezonyango ngokuchanekileyo.
- Yazi imida yakho: Kufuneka uyisuse inxalenye engaphandle xa uhlamba okanye udada. Kwakhona, kungcono ukuba ungabandakanyeki kwimidlalo edibanisayo ebangela ukubetheka okuqatha entloko. Ukuba uyabethwa, inxalenye engaphakathi ingonakala.
- Yonwabela amathuba amatsha: Oku akungomqobo ebomini bakho. Endaweni yoko, lithuba lokuphinda uqhagamshelane nehlabathi oliphosileyo. Sebenzisa eli thuba ukuthetha nabanye kwaye ube nobudlelwane nabantu.
Udinga nini ukubona ugqirha?
Emva kokuba isixhobo sifakiwe, kuya kubakho ukulandelela rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezilandelayo, kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko .
- Ukuba ubona utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela ova ngayo.
- Ukuba uva iintlungu zendlebe okanye ukungakhululeki.
- Ukuba indawo yotyando iba bomvu, idumbile, inomkhuhlane, okanye kuphuma ulwelo olufana nobovu (ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu zosulelo).
- Ukuba ubetheka kakhulu entloko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-cochlear implant ayisiyonto yokuncedisa ukuva. Sisixhobo se-elektroniki esidlula iindawo ezonakeleyo zendlebe size sithumele imiqondiso yesandi ngqo kwi-auditory nerve.
- Oku kudla ngokucetyiswa kubantu abanengxaki yokuva kakhulu okanye abo bangafumani ziphumo zaneleyo kwizixhobo zokuncedisa ukuva.
- Oku kufuna utyando oluncinci kwaye kukuzibophelela ubomi bonke. Inxalenye engaphakathi ihlala ubomi bonke, ngelixa ingaphandle inokufuneka itshintshwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10.
- Nje ukuba isixhobo sifakiwe, awuyi kuva izandi njengesiqhelo. Kuthatha ixesha kunye nonyango lokubuyisela ingqondo ukuze iqeqeshe ukuqonda ezi mpawu zintsha.
- Iingenelo zale teknoloji zingaphezulu kakhulu kuneengozi ezincinci kakhulu. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuva, thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto uze ubone ukuba ikulungele na.
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