Sonke sifuna ukuhlala siphilile, akunjalo? Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha izinto zinokwenzeka ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu singazi nokuba. Kwisisu sakho esikhulu—inxalenye yenkqubo yakho yokugaya ukutya apho inkunkuma idlula khona—amaqhuma amancinci ngamanye amaxesha anokukhula kwi-inside lining. Ezi zizinto oogqirha abazibiza ngokuba yi- (Colon Polyps) . Nceda ungoyiki eli gama! Uninzi lwezi polyps azinabungozi. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo zinokukhula zibe ngumhlaza ukuba azinyangwa ngokuhamba kwexesha. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba sonke sibe nolwazi olupheleleyo malunga ne- (Colon Polyps) .
Ngoko ke, zithini kanye kanye iiColon Polyps?
Ngamafutshane, (iiColon Polyps) kukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli ezikhula kwi-inside lining (mucous lining) yamathumbu akho amakhulu. Zibonakala ngathi zii-dumps okanye amaqhuma amancinci. Zihlala ziqala njengeqela elincinci leeseli kwaye zinokukhula zibe nkulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ii-polyps ezifanayo zinokwenzeka nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba, njengesisu, impumlo, okanye inkqubo yokuzala yabasetyhini.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba ukuba ne-polyp akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza ngokuzenzekelayo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lomhlaza we-colorectal luvela kwezi ntlobo ze-polyps. Yiyo loo nto, ngexesha le- (Colonoscopy) , oogqirha bakhangela ngononophelo ezi ntlobo zikhula baze bazisuse ukuba zifunyenwe.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepolyps? Zahluke njani?
Ewe, iipolyps zamathumbu amakhulu zahlukile, kwaye oogqirha bazihlela ngokwezinto ezimbini eziphambili.
Enye yimilo ye-polyp :
- Ezinye zifana namakhowa amancinci, anesiqu esincinci kunye nesigqubuthelo phezulu. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-polyps (ezinama-Pedunculated) .
- Olunye uhlobo luthe tyaba, lulele eludongeni lwamathumbu ngaphandle kwesiqu. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-(Sessile) polyps.
Into yesibini yindlela ezibonakala ngayo phantsi kwe-microscope (iimpawu ze-microscopic). Indlela ezikhula ngayo ezi seli imisela ukuba i-polyp inamandla okujika ibe ngumhlaza. Ngenxa yoko, amandla omhlaza ayahluka kakhulu phakathi kweentlobo.
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ze-polyps ziquka:
- Iipolyps ze-Adenomatous (okanye ii-adenomas): Ezi zezona zixhaphakileyo. Zikwanazo nezinye iintlobo:
- I-Tubular adenomas
- I-Villous adenomas
- Ii-adenoma zeTubulovillous
- Iipolyps ezirhabaxa: Ezi nazo ziza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- Iipolyps ezixineneyo
- Izilonda ezifakwe iimbobo ezithambileyo
- I-adenomas yesintu ene-serrated
- I-Hamartomas (okanye ii-polyps ezincinci): Ezi zihlala zibonwa kubantu abancinci.
- Iipolyps ezivuvukalayo (okanye iipseudopolyps): Ezi azizo iipolyps zokwenyani; siza kuxoxa ngazo kamva.
Uhlu ngokwengozi yomhlaza: I-Neoplastic kunye ne-Non-neoplastic
Olu lolona hlobo lubalulekileyo. Iipolyps (ezineoplastic) zezo zinokuguquka zibe ngumhlaza, ngelixa iipolyps (ezingezizo ezineoplastic) zezo zingenako (okanye zingenamngcipheko uphantsi kakhulu wokwenza njalo).
- Iipolyps (ezineoplastic) ( umngcipheko womhlaza ukhona):
- Zonke ii-polyps ze-Adenomatous (ii-Adenomas)
- Izilonda ezifakwe iimbobo ezithambileyo
- I-adenomas yesintu ene-serrated
- Iipolyps (ezingezizo iintsholongwane) (umngcipheko womhlaza ophantsi/ongenawo):
- Iipolyps ezixineneyo
- Iipolyps ezincinci (iiHamartomas)
- Iipseudopolyps ezivuthayo
Zixhaphake kangakanani iipolyps zamathumbu amakhulu?
Le yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu kunokuba unokucinga, ingakumbi njengoko ukhula. Ngokuqhelekileyo, malunga nama-20% abantu abadala—oko kukuthi umntu omnye kwabahlanu—banokuba nezi polyps. Phakathi kwabo bangaphezulu kwama-50 eminyaka ubudala, ukuxhaphaka kwazo kunokunyuka kuye kuma-40%. Okumangalisayo kukuba, zinokuvela nakwi-6% yabantwana. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba baluphi uhlanga, unqulo, okanye isini, wonke umntu unobungozi bokufumana ii polyps zamathumbu amakhulu kunye nomhlaza we-colorectal. Amanani eziganeko ngokubanzi aphezulu kumazwe aseNtshona.
Zingaphi iipolyps eziguquka zibe ngumhlaza?
Nceda uqonde oku ngokucacileyo: Iintlobo ezininzi zeepolyps zinokuba ngumhlaza. Yiyo kanye loo nto oogqirha bezisusa ngexesha le- (Colonoscopy) . Nangona kunjalo, yipesenti encinci kuphela eguquka ibe ngumhlaza, kwaye kuthatha ixesha elininzi ukuba i-polyp ibe yingozi. Yiyo loo nto ukuhlolwa rhoqo (Colonoscopy) ngamaxesha acetyiswayo kubalulekile ukuze zibanjwe kwaye zisuswe ngaphambi kokuba zibe yingozi.
Xa sithetha nje, malunga ne-75% yomhlaza we-colorectal iqala njenge-adenomatous polyps, kwaye malunga ne-80% yazo zonke ii-polyps ezifunyenweyo zezohlobo lwe-adenoma. Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-5% kuphela yezi adenomas eziba yi-malignant . Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-polyp eqhelekileyo inomngcipheko we-8% wokuba nomhlaza kwiminyaka eli-10 kwaye malunga ne-24% kwiminyaka engama-20.
Ziziphi iimpawu ze-colon polyps?
Le yeyona nxalenye inzima. Uninzi lwexesha, iipolyps azibonisi zimpawu kwaphela. Nokuba umhlaza we-colorectal okwinqanaba lokuqala awunazimpawu, yiyo loo nto uvavanyo lokuhlola lubaluleke kangaka. Xa kuvela iimpawu, ipolyp isenokuba sele ifikelele kumhlaza.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, unokufumana oku:
- Ukopha emqolo okanye iimpawu ezinxulumene noko: Usenokubona igazi kwindle yakho okanye kwiphepha langasese. Ngamanye amaxesha ukopha kuba kuncinci kakhulu kangangokuba akubonakali, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, kunokukhokelela kwi- (i-anemia yokungabikho kwesinyithi) , okubangela ukudinwa okukhulu kunye nobuthathaka.
- Utshintsho olungachazwanga kwindlela yokuzilungisa amathumbu: Amaxesha amaninzi, abanye abantu banokuba nesifo sorhudo esingapheliyo okanye (ukuqunjelwa) , okanye baqaphele ukwanda kokuphuma kwe-mucus. Nangona kukho ezinye izizathu ezininzi zezi mpawu, ukuba ubona utshintsho olungachazwanga, kungcono ukubonana nogqirha wakho.
Ingongoma ephambili: Musa ukulinda iimpawu. Wakuba udlule kwiminyaka engama-45 ukuya kwengama-50 ubudala (okanye ngaphambi koko ukuba unembali yosapho), kububulumko ukuthetha nogqirha wakho uze ucwangcise (iColonoscopy) .
Kutheni siphuhlisa iipolyps zamathumbu amakhulu?
Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi polyps zenzeka ngamaxesha athile, oko kuthetha ukuba zikhula ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo nesibonakalayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, izifo ezidluliselwa ngelifa zinokukhokelela ekukhuleni kwazo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kunokubakho amathuba aphezulu okukhula kwee polyps ezininzi, nto leyo enokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal.
Yintoni eyona nto ibangela iipolyps?
Unobangela oyintloko kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo . Ngamafutshane, xa iiseli zethu zahlukana ukuze zenze ezintsha, iimpazamo ezincinci zinokwenzeka kwikhowudi yazo yezakhi zofuzo. Ngenxa yokuba iiseli ezikwikholoni zihlala zivuselela, zisengozini enkulu yezi mpazamo. Xa olu tshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo lusenzeka, lutshintsha indlela iiseli ezikhula kwaye ziziphatha ngayo.
Ezinye iinguqu zemfuza zidluliselwa kwiintsapho (ii-syndromes zemfuza), ngelixa ezinye zibonakala ngathi zenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga, nangona ezi zinokubandakanya indibaniselwano yezinto ezinobungozi zemfuza kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ziziphi ezinye izinto ezibangela uphuhliso lwee-polyp?
1. Izinto ezibangela i-genetic:
Ukuba ilungu losapho olusondeleyo (abazali, abantakwenu, okanye abantwana) liye laba ne-polyps, umngcipheko wakho uphezulu ngokwezibalo. Ukongeza, iimeko ezithile zofuzo zinokubangela ukuba ube ne-polyps, ezifana nezi:
- I-Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
- isifo sikaPeutz-Jeghers
- Iipolyposis ezinxulumene ne-MUTYH
- Isifo sikaGardner
- Isifo se-PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
- Isifo seTurcot
- I-Serrated polyposis syndrome
- Isifo se-Juvenile polyposis
2. Izinto ezichaphazela indalo nendlela yokuphila:
Indawo ohlala kuyo kunye nemikhwa yakho yemihla ngemihla inefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo yakho kwaye inokuba negalelo ekukhuleni kwee-polyps:
- Ukwaluphala: Umngcipheko wakho uyanda njengoko ukhula.
- Ukutshaya.
- Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo.
- Ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi, okunefayibha encinci: Ukutya okunenyama ebomvu okanye ecutshungulwayo kunye neziqhamo nemifuno encinci.
- Ukungawunyamezeli umzimba.
- Ukutyeba kakhulu.
- Isifo seswekile.
- Isifo samathumbu esivuthayo (IBD): Iimeko ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn okanye i-ulcerative colitis.
Ityala Elikhethekileyo: Iipseudopolyps Ezivuthayo
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ezi azizo "iipolyps" zokwenyani ezibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Enyanisweni ziziqwenga zezicubu ezibangelwa yinkqubo yokuphiliswa kwezilonda ngaphakathi kwikholoni. Ukudumba okungapheliyo, okuhlala kunxulunyaniswa ne-IBD, yeyona nto ibangela ezi zilonda. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, ezi aziguquki zibe ngumhlaza.
Oogqirha bazixilonga njani iipolyps?
Umgangatho obalaseleyo wokufumanisa iipolyps zamathumbu yi-colonoscopy. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, kufakwa ityhubhu eguquguqukayo nekhanyisiweyo (i-colonoscope) enekhamera encinci kwi-rectum ukuze kuhlolwe ikoloni yonke. Nangona ezinye iimvavanyo zokujonga zinokufumanisa iipolyps, inzuzo enkulu ye-colonoscopy kukuba ugqirha wakho unokuzifumana aze azisuse iipolyps, okanye athathe iisampulu zezicubu (i-biopsy) ukuze zivavanywe ngexesha leseshoni enye.
Ezi sampuli ze-biopsy zithunyelwa kwilebhu apho ingcali yezifo izihlola phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ifumanise uhlobo lwe-polyp kunye nokuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza ezikhoyo na.
Ukulungiselela i-colonoscopy kufuna ukucoca amathumbu kwangaphambili, kwaye ngenxa yokuba uza kuthomalaliswa, ezinye izigulana zinokufumana le nkqubo inzima. Ke ngoko, oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha basenokuqala ngovavanyo olulula lokuhlola. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba naluphi na olunye uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba kukho ii-polyps, i-colonoscopy elandelayo iya kufuneka ukuze isuswe.
Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo olusetyenziselwa ukuphanda iipolyps ezikrokrelwayo luquka:
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: I-Complete Blood Count (CBC) inokufumanisa i-anemia ebangelwa kukopha ixesha elide, ngelixa i-basic metabolic panel ichonga ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte. Ukuba unembali yosapho ye-polyposis yelifa, uvavanyo lwe-genetic lunokufumanisa ukuba une-gene mutations ethile.
- Uvavanyo lwendle: Uvavanyo lwegazi oluvela kwiFecal Occult (FOBT) lujonga ubungakanani begazi obuncinci. Ezinye iimvavanyo zinokuhlalutya iDNA kwiisampuli zendle ukuze zikhangele iimpawu zomhlaza.
- Uvavanyo lokufota: Ezinye iindlela ezingasetyenziswayo endaweni ye-colonoscopy eqhelekileyo ziquka i-virtual colonoscopy (uhlobo lwe-CT scan) kunye ne-capsule endoscopy (apho uginya i-capsule encinci efakwe ikhamera). I-X-ray ye-barium enema inokubonisa ii-polyps.
Zingaphi iipolyps ezithathwa njenge "eziqhelekileyo" ngexesha le-colonoscopy?
Okona kulungileyo kukuba, ubungenazo ii-polyps. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nenye okanye ezimbini, okanye ngamanye amaxesha ezingaphezulu kancinci, kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kuvavanya inani, ubungakanani, indawo, kunye nohlobo lwee-polyps ezifunyenweyo. Ngenxa yokuba ii-polyps zihlala zikhula kancinci, ii-polyps ezimbalwa ezincinci zihlala zithetha ukuba umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wamathumbu uhlala uphantsi.
Nangona kunjalo, ungathathwa njengosengozini enkulu ukuba:
- Unama-polyps angaphezu kwesithathu.
- I-polyp inkulu kuneemilimitha ezili-10 (isentimitha e-1).
- Iipolyps zifumaneka kwiindawo ezithile zekholoni (umz., ikholoni ye-sigmoid okanye ikholoni enqamlezileyo).
- Zezohlobo lwe-villous okanye i-tubulous adenoma.
- Zizilonda ezinamazinyo aqinileyo okanye ii-adenomas ezineentloko eziqinileyo.
- Une-polyposis syndrome ebangelwa yimfuza.
Zinyangwa njani iipolyps zamathumbu amakhulu?
Unyango oluqhelekileyo kukususwa kwee-polyps. Ukuba une-non-neoplastic (non-cancer) polyps, ugqirha wakho unokukhetha ukungazisusi; nangona kunjalo, kuba akunakwenzeka ukwahlula phakathi kwe-neoplastic kunye ne-non-neoplastic polyps ngaphandle kohlalutyo lwe-microscopic, ukususwa kudla ngokuba yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo. Iziphumo ze-biopsy zihlala zithatha iveki okanye ezimbini.
Ukususa ii-polyps ze-neoplastic kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza we-colorectal malunga ne-80%! Nangona kunjalo, wakuba une-polyps, kukho umngcipheko wokuba ziphinde zivele. Ugqirha wakho uza kuvavanya umngcipheko wakho we-polyps kwixesha elizayo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zezo sele zisusiwe kwaye uza kumisela ishedyuli ye-colonoscopy yakho elandelayo ngokusekelwe kolo vavanyo.
Ukususwa kweColon Polyp
Ngexesha le-colonoscopy yakho, ugqirha wakho—ngokwenene ingcali ye-gastroenterologist okanye ugqirha we-colorectal —unokususa ii-polyps ezininzi ngexesha lenkqubo ngokwayo. Le nkqubo ilula yaziwa ngokuba yi- polypectomy . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba une-polyps ezinkulu okanye ezintsonkothileyo, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukusebenzisa iindlela ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne -EMR (Endoscopic Mucosal Resection) okanye i-ESD (Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection) ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisusiwe ngokukhuselekileyo.
Uhlolo lweColonoscopy
Ukuba i-colonoscopy yakho ayibonisi ukuba kukho ii-polyps ezifileyo , usenokungadingi olunye uvavanyo kangangeminyaka eli-10. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ii-polyps ezifileyo zisusiwe, ishedyuli yakho yokulandelela iya kulungiswa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimingcipheko yakho, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uhlolwe kwakhona kwiminyaka enye, emithathu, emihlanu, okanye esixhenxe.
Ngaba ungazithintela iipolyps zamathumbu amakhulu?
Nangona ungenakukuthintela utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olukhokelela kwiipolyps ezithile, ungawunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho ngokubeka phambili impilo yakho iyonke:
- Yitya ukutya okuziinkozo, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno emininzi.
- Nciphisa amafutha ezilwanyana (ingakumbi inyama ebomvu neyomileyo).
- Hlala usenza umthambo rhoqo.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya kwaye unciphise ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngokugqithisileyo.
Le mikhwa ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu.
Zibaluleke kangakanani iipolyps zamathumbu amakhulu?
Iipolyps zamathumbu amakhulu zithathwa nzulu kuba ezinye zinokuba ngumhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba uninzi lweepolyps azinawo umhlaza xa zifunyenwe. Ezinye zinokuba ngumhlaza ngokuhamba kwexesha ukuba azinyangwa, yiyo loo nto oogqirha bezisusa kwangoko nje ukuba zichongiwe.
Ndimele ndibuze ntoni kugqirha wam malunga neepolyps zam zamathumbu amakhulu?
Cinga ngokubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo ilandelayo:
- Luhlobo luni lweepolyps zamathumbu endinazo?
- Ngaba iipolyps zam zi-neoplastic (ezinokuba zingaphambi komhlaza) okanye azi-neoplastic ?
- Ingaba umngcipheko wam wokuba nomhlaza wamathumbu uphantsi, uphakathi, okanye uphezulu?
- Ngaba kufuneka ndivavanywe ngokwemfuza ukuze ndifumane i-polyposis syndromes yelifa ?
- Zingakanani amathuba okuba ezi polyps ziphinde zivele emva kokususwa?
- Ndingayicwangcisa nini i-colonoscopy yam elandelayo?
Abantu abaninzi baziva bexhalabile nge -colonoscopy yabo ecwangcisiweyo kwaye banokulibaziseka ukuyilibazisa. Usenokuzibuza, "Ngaba yonke le mizamo ifanelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba andinazo ii-polyps?" Impendulo ngu-ewe. Ukuba unee-polyps, i-colonoscopy yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzibona nokuzinyanga kwangethuba, rhoqo ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele naziphi na iimpawu.
Kungokwemvelo ukuziva ukhathazekile ukuba uxelelwe ukuba unee-polyps zamathumbu amakhulu, kodwa nceda wazi ukuba oku kuyinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye kubantu abaninzi, ezi azikhuli zibe ngumhlaza. Nje ukuba i-polyp ichongiwe kwaye isuswe, ayisekho yingozi. Inyathelo elibalulekileyo kukufumana ezi zityalo kwangethuba.
Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya
Okwangoku, uyaqonda ngakumbi ngee -colon polyps . Akukho mfuneko yokoyika.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele kukubonisana nogqirha wakho—ingakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-45-50—kwaye wenze uhlolo olufana ne-colonoscopy xa kucetyiswa. Oku kuvumela oogqirha ukuba babone kwaye basuse ii-polyps ngokulula nangokukhuselekileyo, ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza.
Ukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela. Ukutya okunesondlo, ukuzilolonga rhoqo, kunye nokuphepha icuba kunye notywala obugqithisileyo kuluncedo kwimpilo yamathumbu akho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu, ungathandabuzi ukunxibelelana nogqirha wakho okanye ingcali yezifo zesisu eNirogi Lanka okanye kwiziko lakho lezonyango lasekuhlaleni. Ukuba ufumana imeko engxamisekileyo, nceda uqhagamshelane ne-911 okanye iinkonzo ezingxamisekileyo zasekuhlaleni ngoko nangoko. Hlala usempilweni!
