Ngaba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngee-polyps zakho zamathumbu amakhulu? Ungoyiki, masithethe!

Sonke sifuna ukuba sempilweni, akunjalo? Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, izinto zinokwenzeka ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu singazi. Ikholoni yakho, amathumbu amakhulu apho ukutya esikutyayo kugaywa khona kunye nenkunkuma esiyishiyayo, ngamanye amaxesha inokukhula kancinci ngaphakathi. Yiloo nto oogqirha bayibiza ngokuba yi-'(Colon Polyps)'. Musa ukoyika xa usiva eli gama, kulungile? Kuba uninzi lwezi polyps azinabungozi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iintlobo ezithile ezinokujika zibe ngumhlaza ukuba azinyangwa ixesha elide. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu kuthi sonke ukuba sizazi ezi '(Colon Polyps)'.

Ngoko ke zithini ezi polyps zamathumbu amakhulu?

Ngamafutshane, ezi `(Colon Polyps)` zizinto ezingaqhelekanga ezikhula kwiiseli ezikhula eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwamathumbu akho amakhulu, oko kukuthi, ulwelo lwe-mucous. Zifana nethumba elincinci. Zinokuqala njengeseli enye kwaye zikhule kancinci kancinci. Ezi polyps zinokwakheka nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba wethu, umzekelo, esiswini, empumlweni, okanye kwinkqubo yokuzala yabasetyhini.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba nje unezi polyps akuthethi ukuba zingumhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwexesha, umhlaza we-colorectal uqala nge-polyp efana nale. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha bekhangela ezi polyps ngexesha le-colonoscopy baze bazisuse ukuba zikhona.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepolyps? Zahluke njani?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-polyps ezenzeka kwikholoni. Oogqirha bazihlela ngokwezinto ezimbini eziphambili.

Enye yimilo ye-polyp .

• Kukho iipolyps ezibonakala ngathi ziikhowa ezincinci ezihlumileyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba zinesiqu esincinci kunye nentloko phezu kwaso. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziipolyps ze-``Pedunculated``.
• Olunye uhlobo lukhula oluthe tyaba, olufana neqhuma olunamathele eludongeni lwamathumbu ngaphandle kwesiqu. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-"Sessile`` polyps.

Enye indlela kukusebenzisa iimpawu ezincinci zezi polyps. Oko kukuthi, indlela ezenziwe ngayo iiseli. Yinkqubo ekhula ngayo ezi seli egqiba ukuba i-polyp ingaguquka ibe ngumhlaza okanye hayi. Ke ngoko, amandla omhlaza ohlobo ngalunye lwe-polyp ahlukile.

Nazi ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili zeepolyps ezibonwayo:

• Iipolyps ze-Adenomatous (adenomas): Ezi zezona zixhaphakileyo. Kukwakho neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi:
• I-Tubular adenomas
• Ii-adenomas ezibuhlungu
• Ii-adenoma zeTubulovillous
• Iipolyps ezirhabaxa: Kukwakho neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi.
• Iipolyps ezixineneyo
• Izilonda ezinamazinyo aqhekekileyo
• I-adenomas yesintu ene-serrated
• I-Hamartomas (ii-juvenile polyps): Ezi zihlala zibonwa kubantu abancinci.
• Iipolyps ezivuvukalayo (okanye iipseudopolyps): Ezi azizo iipolyps ngokwenene, siza kuthetha ngazo kamva.

Uhlu lwee-polyps ngokwengozi yomhlaza: IiNeoplastic kunye neeNon-neoplastic

Olu lolona hlobo lubalulekileyo. Iipolyps ze-``Neoplastic`` ziintlobo ezinokuba ngumhlaza. Iipolyps ze-``Non-neoplastic`` ziintlobo ezingengo (okanye ezinamathuba aphantsi kakhulu) okuba ngumhlaza.

• (Neoplastic) iipolyps ( umngcipheko womhlaza ):
• Zonke iipolyps ze-adenomatous (ii-Adenomas)
• Izilonda ezinamazinyo aqhekekileyo
• I-adenomas yesintu ene-serrated

• Iipolyps (ezingezizo ezibangela umhlaza) (ezinomngcipheko omncinci/ongenawo umhlaza):
• Iipolyps ezixineneyo
• Iipolyps ezincinci (iiHamartomas)
• Iipseudopolyps ezivuthayo

Zixhaphake kangakanani ezi polyps zamathumbu amakhulu?

Esi sisifo esixhaphakileyo kunokuba unokucinga, ingakumbi njengoko ukhula. Ngokomyinge, malunga nama-20% abantu abadala, okanye malunga nomnye kwabahlanu, banokuba nezi polyps. Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, malunga nama-40%, okanye malunga nabane kwabalishumi, banokuba nale meko. Ungamangaliswa kukuba abanye abantwana nabo bayaba nazo, uninzi lwabo lufikelela kwi-6%. Nabani na, nokuba ungowaluphi uhlanga, unqulo, okanye isini, usemngciphekweni wokufumana ezi polyps kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu. Esi sifo sixhaphake kancinci kumazwe aseNtshona.

Zingaphi iipolyps zamathumbu amakhulu eziba ngumhlaza?

Nantsi into ekufuneka uyiqonde. Iintlobo ezininzi zeepolyps zinokuba ngumhlaza. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha bezisusa ngexesha le-colonoscopy. Nangona kunjalo, zimbalwa kakhulu eziba ngumhlaza. Kwakhona, kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba i-polyp ibe ngumhlaza. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe uhlolo lwe-colonoscopy rhoqo kwaye kususwe ezi polyps ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza.

Xa sithetha nje, malunga ne-75% yomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu iqala njengee-polyps ezithambileyo. Kwakhona, malunga ne-80% yazo zonke ii-polyps ezifunyenweyo ziyi-adenomas. Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-5% kuphela yezi adenomas eziba yi-malignant. Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-polyp eqhelekileyo inomngcipheko we-8% wokuba ngumhlaza kwiminyaka eli-10 kunye nomngcipheko we-24% kwiminyaka engama-20.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-colon polyps?

Nanku apho kudideka khona kancinci. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi polyps azibonisi zimpawu, nangona zikhona.Umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu usenokungabonakalisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Yiyo loo nto uvavanyo lokuhlola lubaluleke kangaka. Ngokwesiqhelo, xa kuvela iimpawu, i-polyp isenokuba sele iguquke yaba ngumhlaza.

Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu, ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokwenzeka:

• Igazi elikwisitulo okanye ezinye iimpawu: Ukuba i-polyp iyopha, unokubona igazi kwisitulo sakho okanye ube negazi kwiphepha lakho langasese. Ngamanye amaxesha ukopha kuhamba kancinci kangangokuba usenokungakuqapheli nokukuqaphela. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, umzimba wakho uya kuqala ukukubona. Usenokuba ne -anemia yokungabikho kwesinyithi , enokubangela iimpawu ezifana nokudinwa kakhulu kunye nobuthathaka.
• Utshintsho olungachazwanga kwimikhwa yamathumbu: Amaxesha amaninzi, abanye abantu banokuqala ngequbuliso ukuba norhudo oluqhubekayo okanye ukuqhina . Okanye banokuba nokwanda kolwelo olufana ne-mucus oluphuma kunye nendle yabo. Zininzi ezinye izizathu zezi mpawu ngaphandle kwee-polyps. Nangona kunjalo, licebo elihle ukubona ugqirha, ingakumbi ukuba awukwazi ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangela utshintsho.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Kububulumko ukuthetha nogqirha uze ufumane uvavanyo olufana ne-colonoscopy emva kweminyaka engama-45-50 (okanye ngaphambi koko ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nesi sifo) kunokulinda ukuba kuvele iimpawu.

Kutheni sifumana ezi polyps zamathumbu amakhulu?

Ixesha elininzi, ezi polyps zikhula ngokungacwangciswanga. Oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuba nezi polyps ngenxa yezifo ezidluliselwa ngelifa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kukho ithuba lokuba inani elikhulu lee polyps likhule kwaye kubekho umngcipheko omkhulu womhlaza.

Yintoni eyona nto ibangela iipolyps?

Eyona nto ibangela kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo . Ngamafutshane, xa iiseli zethu zahlukana kwaye zenza iiseli ezintsha, iimpazamo ezincinci zenzeka kwikhowudi yezakhi zofuzo yezo seli. Ngenxa yokuba iiseli zolusu, kuquka nekholoni, zihlala zizihlaziya, ezi mpazamo zinokwenzeka ngakumbi. Xa ezi zakhi zofuzo zitshintsha, indlela ezikhula kwaye ziziphatha ngayo iiseli iyatshintsha.

Ezinye iinguqu zemfuza zidluliselwa ukusuka kusapho ukuya kusapho (ii-syndromes zelifa). Ezinye zibonakala ngathi zenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga, kodwa zininzi izizathu ezinokubakho. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ii-polyps ezingacwangciswanga zikwabangelwa ziimpawu zemfuza, kunye nezinto ezinobungozi kwindalo.

Ziziphi ezinye izizathu ze-polyps?

1. I-genetics:

Ukuba ilungu losapho olusondeleyo (umzali, umntakwenu, umntwana) liye laba neepolyps, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ube nazo. Kwakhona, ezinye iimeko zemfuza zinokubangela iipolyps. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• I-Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
• isifo sikaPeutz-Jeghers
• Iipolyposis ezinxulumene ne-MUTYH
• Isifo sikaGardner
• Isifo se-PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
• Isifo seTurcot
• I-Serrated polyposis syndrome
• Isifo se-Juvenile polyposis

2. Izinto ezichaphazela indalo nendlela yokuphila:

Oku kuthetha izinto ezifana nendawo esihlala kuyo, imikhwa yethu yendlela yokuphila, njl. Ezi zinokuchaphazela nophuhliso lwee-polyps.

• Ukwaluphala: Umngcipheko uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
• Ukutshaya.
• Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo.
• Ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi, okungenafayibha eninzi: Ukutya inyama ebomvu ngakumbi, inyama ezicutshungulwayo, kunye neziqhamo nemifuno embalwa.
• Ukungazilolongi.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu.
• Isifo seswekile.
• Isifo samathumbu esivuthayo (IBD): Iimeko ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn okanye i-ulcerative colitis.

Ityala elikhethekileyo: Iipseudopolyps ezivuthayo

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ezi azizo "ii-polyps" zokwenyani ezibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Zibangelwa kukuphiliswa kwezilonda kumathumbu amakhulu, ezishiya ngasemva izicubu ezibonakala ngathi ziiqhubu zesikhumba. Ukudumba okungapheliyo kwekoloni (okanye i-colitis) yeyona nto ibangela ezi zilonda. Zihlala zinxulunyaniswa neemeko ezifana nesifo samathumbu esivuthayo (IBD). Aziguquki zibe ngumhlaza.

Oogqirha bazifumana njani ezi polyps?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nechanekileyo yokufumana iipolyps kwikholoni yi-colonoscopy. Kule nto, kufakwa ityhubhu eguquguqukayo enekhamera encinci kunye nokukhanya (ikholonoscope) nge-anus kwaye ikholoni yonke ihlolwe. Nangona ezinye "iimvavanyo zomfanekiso" zinokufumana iipolyps, inzuzo ekhethekileyo ye-"colonoscopy" kukuba inokufumana iipolyps, izisuse ngaxeshanye, kwaye ithathe iziqwenga ezincinci ukuze zihlolwe (i-biopsy).

Iisampulu zezicubu ezithathwe ngolu hlobo zithunyelwa kwilebhu kwaye zihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope yingcali yezifo. Kulapho kuphela apho sinokukwazi khona ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-polyp kwaye ingaba inazo na iiseli zomhlaza.

I-colonoscopy ifuna ukulungiswa okukhethekileyo ukuze kucocwe i-colon ngosuku olungaphambi kovavanyo, kwaye uvavanyo lwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia, nto leyo enokuba yingxaki kwabanye abantu. Ke ngoko, ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha banokwenza uvavanyo lokuhlola olulula kuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kufunyenwe ii-polyps kolunye uvavanyo, kuya kufuneka i-colonoscopy ukuze zisuswe.

Kukho iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ezininzi ezinokwenziwa ukuba kukho iipolyps ezirhanelwayo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (i-CBC) kunokufumanisa i-anemia ebangelwa kukopha ixesha elide. Iphaneli ye-metabolic esisiseko inokufumanisa ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte emzimbeni. Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho une-hereditary polyposis syndrome, ungenza uvavanyo lwe-genetic ukuze ubone ukuba unayo na i-gene mutation.
• Uvavanyo lwendle: Uvavanyo lwe-"Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)" lujonga ukuba igazi elincinci elikwindle lincinci kakhulu ukuba lingabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Ezinye iimvavanyo zijonga i-"DNA" ekwindle ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho olubangelwa ngumhlaza.
• Uvavanyo lokufota: Njengendlela yokutshintsha i-colonoscopy eqhelekileyo, i-virtual colonoscopy (uhlobo lwe-CT scan) kunye ne-capsule endoscopy (i-capsule encinci oyiginyayo ukujonga i-colon yakho) zingenziwa. I-barium enema ikwanokubonisa ii-polyps ngamanye amaxesha.

Zingaphi iipolyps ezifumaneka ngexesha le-colonoscopy eqhelekileyo?

Kungcono ungabi nazo kwaphela iipolyps. Nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile ukuba ne-polyps enye okanye ezimbini, okanye ezimbalwa ezingaphezulu. Oogqirha bajonga inani lee-polyps onazo, ubungakanani bazo, indawo, kunye nohlobo lwazo. Ngenxa yokuba ii-polyps zikhula kancinci kakhulu, ukuba nee-polyps ezimbalwa ezincinci kuthetha ukuba usesemngciphekweni omncinci wokuba nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, ungacingelwa ukuba usengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukuba kukho iipolyps ezingaphezu kwezintathu.
• Ukuba iipolyps zinkulu kuneemilimitha ezili-10 (isentimitha e-1).
• Ukuba iipolyps zikwicala lasekunene lekholoni (umz., ikholoni ye-sigmoid okanye ikholoni enqamlezileyo).
• Ukuba unee-polyps zohlobo lwe-`(Villous)` okanye `(Tubulovillous adenomas)`.
• Ukuba unee-polyps zohlobo lwe-"Sessile serrated lesions" okanye uhlobo lwe-"Serrated adenomas".
• Ukuba une-polyposis syndrome yelifa.

Zinyangwa njani ezi polyps zamathumbu amakhulu?

Unyango oluqhelekileyo kukususa iipolyps kumathumbu amakhulu.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba une-non-neoplastic polyps kuphela, ezingengomngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza, usenokungakwazi ukuzisusa. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, akunakwenzeka ukuqiniseka ukuba i-polyp yi-neoplastic okanye ayi-neoplastic de ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Kungathatha iveki okanye ezimbini ukuba iziphumo zakho ze-biopsy zibuye.

Ngokususa ii-polyps ezine-neoplastic, unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu ngama-80%! Nangona kunjalo, wakuba une-polyps, zinokubuya. Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga uhlobo lwee-polyps oye waba nazo aze ahlole umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-polyps kwixesha elizayo. I-colonoscopy elandelayo iya kucwangciswa ngokusekelwe kuloo mngcipheko.

Ukususwa kweColon Polyp

Ugqirha owenza i-colonoscopy – ngesiqhelo i-gastroenterologist okanye i-colorectal surgeon – unokususa ii-polyps ezininzi ngexesha lotyando lwakho. Le nkqubo ilula ibizwa ngokuba yi-polypectomy. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba une-polyps ezinkulu okanye ezinzima ukuzisusa, iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo (i-endoscopic mucosal resection okanye i-endoscopic submucosal dissection) zingasetyenziswa ukuzisusa.

Uhlolo lweColonoscopy

Ukuba i-colonoscopy yakho ayifumani naziphi na ii-polyps ze-neoplastic, kuya kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwakho olulandelayo kwiminyaka emalunga ne-10. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ii-polyps zakho ze-neoplastic zisusiwe, ixesha lovavanyo lwakho olulandelayo linokwahluka. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo oluphindaphindwayo kunyaka omnye, emithathu, emihlanu, okanye esixhenxe, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezikubangela umngcipheko.

Ngaba iipolyps zamathumbu amakhulu zinokuthintelwa?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olubangela iipolyps. Nangona kunjalo, ukuyinyamekela kakuhle impilo yakho iyonke kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba neepolyps ngandlela ithile.

• Ukutya ukutya okuziinkozo, imifuno, kunye neziqhamo ezingaphezulu.
• Ukunciphisa amafutha ezilwanyana (ingakumbi inyama ebomvu, inyama ecutshungulweyo).
• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo.
• Kuphephe ukusela utywala kakhulu nokutshaya.

Ezi zinto zikwanceda ekuthinteleni umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu.

Ngoko ke zinzulu kangakanani ezi polyps zamathumbu amakhulu?

Iipolyps zamathumbu amakhulu zinokuba zimbi kakhulu kuba zinokuba ngumhlaza. Kodwa khumbula, uninzi lweepolyps azinawo umhlaza xa zifunyenwe. Ezinye zinokuba ngumhlaza ngokuhamba kwexesha ukuba azinyangwa. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha bezisusa xa zifunyenwe.

Ndimele ndibuze ntoni kugqirha wam malunga neepolyps zam zamathumbu amakhulu?

Ungabuza ugqirha imibuzo efana nale:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-`(Colon Polyps)` endinalo?
• Ingaba iipolyps zam ``zineoplastic`` (ezinomngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza) okanye ``zineoplastic`` (ezingenamngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza)?
• Ingaba umngcipheko wam wokuba nomhlaza wamathumbu uphantsi, uqhelekile, okanye uphezulu?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndifumane uvavanyo lwemfuza lwe-polyposis syndromes yelifa?
• Iipolyps zingakhula nini emva kokuba zisusiwe?
• Ndifanele ndiyenze nini i-colonoscopy yam elandelayo?

Abantu abaninzi bayayoyika i-colonoscopy yabo ecwangcisiweyo kwaye bazibuza ukuba bangayihlehlisa na. "Kutheni usenza yonke le nto ukuze uqinisekise ukuba andinazo ii-polyps?" ungazibuza. Kodwa ukuba unee-polyps, i-colonoscopy yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzibona nokuzinyanga ngaphambi kokuba wazi.

Ukufumanisa ukuba unee-polyps zamathumbu amakhulu kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi banazo, kwaye uninzi lwabo aluze lube nomhlaza. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ukhathazeke nge-polyp efunyenweyo nesusiweyo. Into ebalulekileyo kukufumana nokuyisusa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngaphambi kokuba ibe ngumhlaza.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, ngoku uyazi okuninzi malunga nee-colon polyps, akunjalo? Oku akuyonto yokoyika.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha nogqirha ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ingakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-45-50 ubudala, uze ufumane iimvavanyo ezifana ne-colonoscopy ukuba kuyimfuneko. Emva koko ezi polyps zinokuchongwa kwaye zisuswe ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza.

Ukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni kunokunceda ekunciphiseni lo mngcipheko. Izinto ezifana nokutya okunesondlo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya kunye nokusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo zilungile kwimpilo yamathumbu akho, kunye nomzimba wakho wonke.

Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wosapho lwakho okanye ingcali yezifo zesisu. Hlala usempilweni!