Intliziyo yethu sisitho esimangalisayo esisebenza iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, ngaphandle kokuphumla. Ifana nomatshini osebenza ngokungayekiyo. Ngoko ke, ukuze le ntliziyo ikhutheleyo kunye nezihlunu zayo zisebenze kakuhle, zidinga ukunikezelwa rhoqo kwegazi elicocekileyo nelinomoya-mpilo. Kodwa khawucinge, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba imijelo ethambileyo ethwala igazi kule ntliziyo iqala ukuvaleka? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yiCoronary Artery Disease ( CAD ) .
Ngamafutshane, yintoni isifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo (CAD)?
Ngamafutshane, oku kuxa imithambo yentliziyo, enika igazi elineoksijini ezintliziyweni zethu, incipha okanye ivaleke. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol ziyaqokelelana eludongeni lwale mithambo, zenze umaleko esiwubiza ngokuba yi -'plaque' .
Oku kufana nomhlwa oqokelelana ngaphakathi kombhobho wamanzi omdala. Le plaque inciphisa isithuba ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, nto leyo ethintela ubungakanani begazi elinokugeleza liye entliziyweni.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba kwindlela enkulu eneendlela ezintathu, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwendlela, zonke izithuthi ngequbuliso zifakwa kumgca omnye. Emva koko izithuthi zihamba kancinci kakhulu, akunjalo? Yiloo nto eyenzekayo xa le mithambo yegazi ivalekile.
Amaxesha amaninzi, le meko inokukhula emzimbeni iminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kweempawu. Yiyo loo nto abanye abantu beyibiza ngokuba "ngumbulali othuleyo." Ngamanye amaxesha, enye yezi zinto ingaqhuma ngequbuliso, yenze ihlwili legazi eliyivala ngokupheleleyo imithambo yegazi. Kulapho ke sifumana imeko engxamisekileyo esiyibiza ngokuba kukuhlaselwa yintliziyo .
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zesi sifo.
Sithetha ngesi sifo ngamacandelo amabini aphambili.
1. Isifo sentliziyo esizinzileyo se-Ischemic: Olu luhlobo olukhula kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Imithambo yakho yentliziyo iyancipha kancinci kancinci kwiminyaka emininzi. Usenokuba neempawu ezithile (ezifana neentlungu zesifuba ), ingakumbi xa uxinezelekile. Kodwa unokwenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.
2. I-Acute Coronary Syndrome:Le yimeko eyingozi eyenzeka ngequbuliso kwaye ifuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Okwenzekayo kukuba i-plaque ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi igqabhuke ngequbuliso, yenze ihlwili legazi phezu kwayo, ivale ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwegazi. Yiyo le nto ibangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango .
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Abantu abaninzi abanazo iimpawu ixesha elide. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezi deposits zithatha iminyaka, kwanamashumi eminyaka, ukuqokelelana. Kodwa njengoko imithambo yegazi iqala ukuncipha, unokuqala ukufumana iimpawu ezingabonakaliyo. Ezi ziimpawu zokuba intliziyo yakho isebenza nzima kunesiqhelo ukuze ifumane ioksijini eyidingayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:
- I-Angina ezinzileyo: Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo. Lubonakaliswa kukuxinana kwesifuba, ubunzima, iintlungu, okanye ukungakhululeki. Ludla ngokuvela xa uzilolonga, uhamba ngokukhawuleza, okanye ucaphukile. Intlungu idla ngokunyamalala emva kokuphumla okufutshane.
- Ukuphelelwa ngamandla: Abanye abantu baphelelwa ngamandla okuphefumla, besoloko benengxaki yokuphefumla, nangona besenza imisebenzi elula, efana nokunyuka izinyuko.
Abanye abantu baqala ukufunda ngesi sifo emva kokuba behlaselwe yintliziyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba bazazi ezi mpawu.
Kutheni sifumana esi sifo? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Eyona nto ibangela isifo semithambo yentliziyo yi -atherosclerosis . Oko kukuthi, njengoko besixoxile ngaphambili, ukuqokelelana kwe-cholesterol nezinye izinto eludongeni lwemithambo, okwenza i-plaque. Xa le meko ichaphazela imithambo yentliziyo, siyibiza ngokuba yi-CAD.
Zininzi izinto ezinobungozi ezinokuchaphazela uphuhliso lwesi sifo. Ezinye zazo asinakuzilawula, kodwa ezininzi sinokuzilawula ngokutshintsha indlela esiphila ngayo kunye namayeza. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi zinto.
| Uhlobo lomngcipheko | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Izinto Ezingalawulekiyo | |
| Ubudala | Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala, abasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala. |
| Imbali yosapho (i-genetics) | Ukuba ilungu losapho elisondeleyo (utata, umnakwethu, umama, udade) liye lanesifo sentliziyo lisemncinci. |
| Izinto Ezilawulekayo | |
| Ukutshaya | Ukutshaya okanye ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba. |
| Igazi elonyukayo | Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulekiyo. |
| I-cholesterol ephezulu | Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol embi (LDL) kunye namanqanaba aphantsi e-cholesterol elungileyo (HDL) . |
| Isifo seswekile | Ukuba nesifo seswekile esingalawulekiyo. |
| Ukutyeba kakhulu | Isalathisi sobunzima bomzimba (i-BMI) esingaphezulu kwama-25. |
| Imikhwa emibi yokutya | Ukutya ukutya okune-processed foods eninzi, ioyile, iswekile kunye netyuwa. |
| Ukungazilolongi | Ukungawusebenzisi umzimba. |
Ugqirha uxilonga njani esi sifo?
Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho, indlela ophila ngayo, kunye nazo naziphi na iimeko zempilo kusapho lwakho. Emva koko uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba aze ajonge uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi. Ngokusekelwe kolu lwazi, ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unale meko, unokucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Ezinye zazo zezi:
- Uvavanyo lweGazi: Jonga izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol kunye namanqanaba eswekile.
- I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Jonga umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
- Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lomzimba (Uvavanyo lweTreadmill): Intliziyo yakho ijongwa kusetyenziswa i-ECG ngelixa uhamba kwi-treadmill.
- I-Echocardiogram: Iskeni sentliziyo.
- I-CT Coronary Angiogram: I-CT scan ekhethekileyo ethatha imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi yentliziyo enamacala amathathu.
- I-Coronary Angiogram (iCardiac Catheterization): Kule meko, ityhubhu encinci idluliselwa ngemithambo engalweni okanye emlenzeni iye entliziyweni, kufakwa idayi, kwaye kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kubonwe ukuba ivalekile kangakanani na imithambo yegazi.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango?
Kukho iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili ekunyangeni isifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo. Enye kukulawula iimpawu nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Enye kukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu, ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
Iindlela zonyango zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili:
1. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo nesisiseko.
- Ukuyeka ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo: Yitya ityuwa encinci, ioyile, neswekile, kunye nemifuno emininzi, iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye nokutya okunefayibha eninzi.
- Ukuzilolonga rhoqo: Zilolonge rhoqo, njengokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki.
- Ukulawula ubunzima bomzimba.
- Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo.
2. Amayeza (amayeza)
Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika amayeza ahlukeneyo okulawula izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu.
- Amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol (ii-statins).
- Amayeza okulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Amayeza athintela ukujiya kwegazi (njenge-Aspirin).
- Amayeza alawula iintlungu zesifuba (i-Angina).
3. Utyando kunye nezinye iindlela
Kwabanye abantu, ingakumbi abo banemibhobho evalekileyo kakhulu, amayeza edwa awanele. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa olu hlobo lonyango.
- I-Angioplasty kunye ne-stenting (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - PCI): Oku kuquka ukudlulisa ityhubhu encinci enebhaluni kumthambo ovalekileyo, ukuyivuthela ukuze ivule kwakhona umthambo, uze ufake ityhubhu encinci ye-mesh ebizwa ngokuba yi-stent ukuthintela umthambo ukuba ungaphinde unciphe.
- Utyando lwe-bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting - CABG):Oku kufana nokudala indlela entsha ejikeleze umthambo ovalekileyo. Umthambo wegazi ophilileyo othathwe kwenye indawo yomzimba (ngokuqhelekileyo umlenze okanye isifuba) uqhagamshelwe kwindawo evalekileyo nasemqolo, nto leyo edala indlela entsha yokuhamba kwegazi.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha ngokukhawuleza/ndiye kwi-ETU?
Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo , yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko okanye ubize i-ambulensi. Ixesha libaluleke kakhulu apha.
Iimpawu eziphambili zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo:
- Intlungu enzima, ecinezelweyo, netyumzayo embindini wesifuba.
- Le ntlungu isasazeka ingalo yasekhohlo, entanyeni, emhlathini, emqolo, okanye egxalabeni.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Ukubila kakhulu, isiyezi, ukuhlanza.
Musa ukuzityeshela ezi mpawu. Musa ukucinga nje ukuba, "Oku kusenokuba yi-gastritis." Ukuba unamathandabuzo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba unesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo, kubalulekile ukuba uhlale unxibelelana nogqirha wakho rhoqo. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha, uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kumayeza akho, okanye unemibuzo malunga nemeko yakho, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo (CAD) sisifo esibangela ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni. Esi sisifo esibi kakhulu.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kunye nokutshaya zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela umngcipheko.
- Esi sifo singalawulwa kakuhle ngokwenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga) kunye nokuthatha amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho kanye njengoko eyalelwe.
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zesifuba kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
- Musa ukudimazeka ukuba ufumanisa ukuba unesi sifo. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye notshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo, ungaphila ubomi obude nobunempilo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze akunike isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo.
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