Ngaba uhlala ufumana umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kunye nokukhwehlela? Okanye ngaba akuqhelekanga ukuba inyanga yonke ungabi nasosulelo lwendlebe, umphimbo, okanye isifuba? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba oku kuqhelekile, "Le yindlela umzimba wam osebenza ngayo." Ngelixa abahlobo bakho befumana umkhuhlane omncinci kwaye beba ngcono kwiintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu, ngaba ufumana into efanayo kangangeeveki kwaye ayibi ngcono, mhlawumbi ide ifikelele kwi-pneumonia? Isizathu sokwenyani sezi zinto sisenokungabi ngumzimba wakho. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esifihliweyo emva koku, kodwa akukho mntu uthetha kakhulu ngaso. Yiyo loo nto i-CVID.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-CVID?
I-CVID ligama elipheleleyo le- Common Variable Immunodeficiency . Le yimeko yemfuza echaphazela inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ngamafutshane, imizimba yethu ifana nelizwe. Kukho umkhosi okhusela elo lizwe. Lo mkhosi yinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Lo mkhosi ulwa nabahlaseli bamanye amazwe, njengeentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya, kwaye ukhusela imizimba yethu ekuguleni.
Kulo mkhosi, kukho amajoni athile afumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo. Siwabiza ngokuba zii-antibodies . Ezi antibodies luhlobo lweproteni. Xa intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, ezi antibodies ziyahamba zize ziyiqonde loo ntsholongwane, ziyilwe, zize ziyitshabalalise.
Ngoku, oku kwenzeka kumntu one-CVID. Umzimba wakhe uvelisa amajoni ambalwa kakhulu abizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies. Oko kuthetha ukuba umkhosi womzimba wakhe ubuthathaka. Ngoko ke xa intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, akukho majoni aneleyo okulwa nayo. Isiphumo kukuba bagula rhoqo. Kwakhona, isifo abasifumanayo sinokuba qatha ngakumbi kunomntu oqhelekileyo, kwaye kunokuthatha ixesha elide ukuba baphile.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezi antibodies, kwanezitofu esizifumanayo zokuzikhusela kwizifo ngamanye amaxesha azisebenzi kakuhle. Kuba isitofu singenisa intsholongwane emzimbeni wethu size siyiqeqeshele ukwenza ii-antibodies zokulwa nayo. Kodwa umzimba womntu one-CVID awukwazi ukwenza ii-antibodies ngaloo ndlela.
Nangona le meko idla ngokufunyaniswa xa umntu ekhulile, iimpawu ngamanye amaxesha ziqala ebuntwaneni.
Zithini iimpawu zeCVID?
Uphawu oluphambili noluqhelekileyo lwale meko kukwanda kwezifo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho nezinye iimpawu ezininzi ezinokubonwa ukongeza. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
| Udidi lweempawu | Izinto onokuzibona |
|---|---|
| Usulelo oluqhelekileyo | - Usulelo rhoqo sinus (sinusitis) - Ukuxinana kwesifuba, i-pneumonia - I-Bronchitis - Usulelo lwendlebe - Ii-shingles, ezinokwenzeka emva kokuba umntu enesifo se-chickenpox |
| Iingxaki zenkqubo yokuphefumla | - I-rhinitis engapheliyo - Ukuxinana kweempumlo |
| Iingxaki zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya | - Isisu esibuhlungu - Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza - Urhudo |
| Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo | - Ii-lymph nodes ezikhulisiweyo - Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu - Intlungu yamalungu - Ukuqhwaba ngeminwe |
Ukuba nenye okanye ezimbini kwezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba une-CVID. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unazo ezi mpawu, ingakumbi usulelo oluqhelekileyo, ixesha elide, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane ingcebiso.
Kutheni i-CVID ikhula ngokwenene? Yintoni ebangela oku?
Eyona sizathu siphambili soku kukutshintsha kwezakhi zofuzo zethu. Yonke into emzimbeni wethu ilawulwa yimiyalelo ekwiDNA yethu. Le miyalelo siyibiza ngokuba ziizakhi zofuzo. I-CVID ibangelwa lutshintsho oluthile (utshintsho) kwezi zakhi zofuzo.
Ngokukodwa, ii-B-cells kwinkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela zinoxanduva lokwenza ezo antibodies zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Ngenxa yotshintsho lwemfuza olubangela i-CVID, ezi B-cells azikwazi ukukhula ngokufanelekileyo zize zifikelele kwinqanaba apho zinokwenza khona ii-antibodies. Ngenxa yoko, amanqanaba eentlobo ezintathu eziphambili zee-antibodies emzimbeni, i-IgG, i-IgA, kunye ne-IgM, ehla kakhulu.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba kukho inkampu yomkhosi apho amajoni aqeqeshwa khona. Kwi-CVID, okwenzekayo kukuba ngenxa yesiphako esithile kule nkampu, amajoni awakwazi ukuqeqeshwa ngokufanelekileyo aze athunyelwe. Ngoko ke akukho majoni aneleyo okukhusela ilizwe.
Ngoku usenokuba uyazibuza, ndizifumene njani ezi nguqu zemfuza?
- Kwiimeko ezimalunga ne-10%: Le meko inokuthi ifunyanwe ngabazali ukuya ebantwaneni.
- Kwiimeko ezingama-90%:Isizathu esichanekileyo sale meko asikaziwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu unokuba nale meko nokuba akukho mntu kusapho lwakhe owakha waba nayo. Kukwaqhutywa uphando ukuze kubonwe ukuba izinto ezingqongileyo zidlala indima na koku.
Ezinye iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-CVID
Ukongeza ekuguleni rhoqo, i-CVID ikwasibeka emngciphekweni wezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu. Kuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yinto echaphazela umzimba wethu wonke. Xa ingasebenzi kakuhle, inokuchaphazela nezinye iinkqubo.
Iingxaki zokuzikhusela komzimba
Kulapho ke amajoni ethu omzimba eqala khona ukuhlasela iiseli zethu eziphilileyo. Kufana nomkhosi wethu ohlasela abantu bethu. Abantu abane-CVID basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa zezi zifo. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:
- Irheumatoid arthritis
- I-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (Ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli zegazi ezibomvu)
- Izifo ezichaphazela ukujiya kwegazi (i-Antiphospholipid Syndrome)
- Ezinye izifo zesibindi (i-Autoimmune Hepatitis)
Izifo Zemiphunga Ezingapheliyo
Usulelo oluhlala lukho esifubeni lunokonakalisa imiphunga ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo ekhokelela kwizifo zemiphunga ezingapheliyo ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD, kunye ne-bronchiectasis.
Ezinye iingozi
- Umhlaza: Abantu abane-CVID basengozini enkulu kancinci yokufumana umhlaza wenkqubo ye-lymphatic (lymphoma) kunye nenkqubo yesisu kunabo bonke abantu.
- I-Splenomegaly: Ukudumba kwe- spleen, eyinxalenye yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Iigranulomas: Amaqhuma amancinci enziwa kukuhlangana kweeseli zomzimba ezikhusela umzimba kwizitho ezifana nemiphunga nesibindi.
- Uxinzelelo: Kukho umngcipheko wokuba noxinzelelo ngenxa yoxinzelelo lokuphila nesigulo esihlala ixesha elide.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani i-CVID?
Xa usiya kugqirha kuba ugula rhoqo, uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze akuhlole. Ukuba kukho i-CVID ekrokrelwayo, eyona ndlela iphambili yokuqinisekisa oko kukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi .
Olu vavanyo lwegazi lulinganisa ubungakanani bee-antibodies egazini lakho. Ingakumbi ukuba amanqanaba ee-antibodies ze -IgG, IgA, kunye ne-IgM ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla aphantsi kakhulu, luphawu oluphambili lwe-CVID.
Ukongeza, ukuba kuyimfuneko, uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokwenziwa. Kunokwenziwa novavanyo olwahlukeneyo ukujonga ezinye iimeko zempilo.
Zithini iindlela zokunyanga oku? Ngaba kunokunyangwa?
I-CVID ayisosifo esinyangekayo ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa okuYimeko enyangekayo kakhulu. Unyango oluphambili lwale meko yi- Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy .
Ngamafutshane, kulapho unika khona umzimba wakho ii-antibodies (ii-immunoglobulins) ezingenakuzenzela zodwa. Ezi antibodies zikhutshwa kwi-plasma yegazi yabantu abaphilileyo. Oku kufana nokuzisa amajoni aqeqeshiweyo avela kwamanye amazwe xa amajoni elizwe enganelanga.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokuhambisa olu nyango.
| Indlela yonyango | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| I-Immunoglobulin Efakwa Emthanjeni (IVIg) | Kule meko, ii-antibodies zinikwa ngqo emthanjeni, njenge-saline. Ngokwesiqhelo kufuneka uye esibhedlele okanye ekliniki rhoqo emva kweeveki ezi-3-4 ukuze ufumane olu nyango. |
| I-Immunoglobulin engaphantsi kwesikhumba (SCIg) | Oku kuquka ukufaka ii-antibodies phantsi kwesikhumba (esiswini okanye ethangeni) usebenzisa inaliti encinci. Oku kungenziwa ekhaya , kube kanye ngeveki okanye rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbini . |
Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango kwezi zimbini olulungele wena. Olu nyango yinto ekufuneka uyithathe ubomi bakho bonke . Ukuba uluthatha ngokuchanekileyo olu nyango, unokulawula kakhulu ukuphindaphindeka kosulelo.
Ukongeza, ukuba usulelo lwebhaktiriya luvela, unokunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuze ulunyange, kwaye unokuxelelwa ukuba uqhubeke nokusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela usulelo.
Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi xa uhlala neCVID?
Nangona ukuhlala neCVID kunokuvakala kunzima, ngolawulo olufanelekileyo nokuqonda, ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
- Musa ukulibazisa unyango: Kubalulekile ukuthatha unyango lwakho lwe-antiretroviral ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangedosi efanelekileyo.
- Lumka ngeempawu zosulelo:Ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu zokuqala zosulelo, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, okanye iintlungu zomzimba, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Ukuqala unyango kwangethuba kunokunceda ukuthintela ukuba isifo singabi mandundu.
- Ukugonywa: Musa ukufumana naluphi na ugonyo ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho kuqala. Ukugonywa okuphilayo, ingakumbi okuneentsholongwane eziphilayo, kunokuba yingozi kubantu abane-CVID.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezinye iingxaki: Ukuze kufunyanwe iimpawu zokuqala zezifo ezinxulumene ne-CVID ezifana nomhlaza nesifo semiphunga, ugqirha wakho uza kukuthumela ukuze uhlolwe rhoqo . Ungaziphosi.
- Impilo yengqondo: Kuqhelekile ukuziva uxinezelekile xa uphila nesifo esihlala ixesha elide. Ukuba uziva ulusizi okanye uxhalabile, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye nomntu osondeleyo kuwe ngaloo nto.
Kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, i-CVID yayisifo esithintela ubomi. Kodwa ngonyango lwanamhlanje lwee-antibody, ngaphezulu kwama-75% ezigulane ze-CVID ziphila iminyaka engaphezu kwama-25 emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba zine-HIV. Ngoko ke ngonyango olufanelekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ubomi obude nobunempilo.
Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?
Ukuba uhlangabezana nezinto ezinje, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha kwaye ufumane ingcebiso.
- Ukuba ufumana usulelo lweentsholongwane rhoqo: Umzekelo, ukuba ufumana i-pneumonia, i-sinusitis, okanye usulelo lweendlebe izihlandlo ezininzi ngonyaka.
- Ukuba kukho iimpawu ezihlala ixesha elide: izinto ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesisu rhoqo, ukudumba, kunye neengxaki zemiphunga.
- Ukuba ugula emva kokufumana isitofu sokugonya esiphilayo.
Xa uthetha nogqirha wakho ngezi zinto, uya kukwazi ukugqiba ukuba ingaba le yinto efuna uphando olongezelelekileyo okanye akunjalo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Usulelo oluxhaphakileyo nolunzima alukho "luqhelekileyo." Lunokuba luphawu lwengxaki yempilo.
- I-CVID bubuthathaka benkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, nto leyo ethetha ukuba umzimba awukwazi ukuvelisa ii-antibodies ezifunekayo ukulwa neentsholongwane.
- Le meko ingafunyanwa ngovavanyo lwegazi olulula.
- Nangona i-CVID ingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, inokulawulwa ngempumelelo kwaye ubomi obusempilweni bunokufezekiswa nge-Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy.
- Ukuba une-CVID, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nogqirha wakho, ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo, kwaye uzikhusele kwiintsholongwane.
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