Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba intliziyo yakho isebenza njani ngokuqhubekayo, ngaphandle kokuphumla? Njengokuba imoto ifuna ipetroli, intliziyo yethu ikwafuna ukunikezelwa kwegazi rhoqo elizele zizondlo kunye neoksijini ukuze isebenze. Kukho inkqubo ekhethekileyo yemithambo yegazi ezisa elo gazi lixabisekileyo entliziyweni. Le siyibiza ngokuba yimithambo yentliziyo, okanye ngesiNgesi, imithambo yentliziyo . Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva eli gama xa uthetha ngesifo sentliziyo. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokulula nangobubele ngale nkqubo yemithambo yegazi, ebaluleke kakhulu kubomi bethu.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi mithambo yentliziyo?
Khawuthelekelele ukuba intliziyo, epompa igazi emzimbeni wethu, ifana nesikhululo samandla esiphambili kwilizwe lethu. Kodwa eso sikhululo samandla sikwafuna umbane owahlukileyo ukuze sisebenze. Ngokufanayo, izihlunu zentliziyo, ezipompa igazi emzimbeni wonke, nazo zifuna umbane owahlukileyo ukuze zisebenze. Lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo wenziwa yimithambo yentliziyo.
Le yimibhobho yegazi ephambili ehambisa igazi entliziyweni. Isuka kwi-aorta, umthambo wegazi omkhulu emzimbeni wethu. Isuka kumphezulu wentliziyo ibe ngamasebe amancinci angena kwimisipha yentliziyo. Njengomthi uqala kwingcambu uze uphume amasebe.
Sinemithambo emibini ephambili yentliziyo:
1. I-Right Coronary Artery (RCA): Oku ikakhulu kubonelela ngegazi kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo, oko kukuthi, i-atrium yasekunene kunye ne-ventricle yasekunene. Kulapho igazi lomzimba elingena-oxygen liqokelela khona ngaphambi kokuba lithunyelwe emiphungeni. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, le artery ikwabonelela ngegazi kwi-sinoatrial (SA) node kunye ne-atrioventricular (AV) node, iziko ezimbini zombane ezizenzekelayo ezilawula isigqi sentliziyo. Ngamafutshane, la ma-node mabini asebenza njenge-'pacemaker' yentliziyo, ebonisa ukuba intliziyo kufuneka ibethe nini.
2. I-Left Main Coronary Artery (LMCA): Le nxalenye inika igazi kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo, oko kukuthi, i-atrium yasekhohlo kunye ne-ventricle yasekhohlo. Le yinxalenye ephambili epompa igazi elicocekileyo, elineoksijini elivela emiphungeni ukuya emzimbeni wonke. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba le nxalenye ifumane igazi elifanelekileyo.
Ingaba le mithambo yegazi icwangciswe ngendlela efanayo kubo bonke abantu?
Nantsi into emangalisayo. Ayizizo zonke imithambo yentliziyo elungelelaniswe ngendlela efanayo. Njengeminwe yethu, oku kunokwahluka kancinci kumntu nomntu.
- Le mithambo idla ngokufumaneka ngaphakathi komaleko wamafutha ajikeleze intliziyo, kodwa kwabanye abantu, ifumaneka ngaphakathi kwemisipha yentliziyo ngokwayo.
- Kwabanye abantu (malunga nomntu omnye kwabalishumi), ii-SA kunye nee-AV nodes, ezilawula ukubetha kwentliziyo, zifumana igazi kwi-left coronary artery (LMCA), kungekhona kwi-right coronary artery (RCA).
- Kunqabile kakhulu, abanye abantu bane-coronary artery enye kuphela eqala kwi-aorta, ize yahlulwe ibe ngamasebe asekunene nasekhohlo.
Uninzi lolu tshintsho alunabungozi kwaye luqhelekile kwaye alubangeli zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingxaki ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-1%) ezibangelwa kukuzalwa zinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu.
Ziziphi iingxaki eziphambili ezinokubakho ngemithambo yentliziyo?
Isifo semithambo yentliziyo (CAD) sisifo esihlala sisiva ngaso. Esi sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo nesinzima esichaphazela le mithambo yentliziyo.
Isifo semithambo yentliziyo (CAD) sikhula njani?
Eyona nto ibangela oku yi -atherosclerosis . Oku kwenzeka xa uhlobo lwefilimu enamafutha ebizwa ngokuba yi-'plaque' iqokelelana kwimithambo yegazi yethu, kanye njengokuba ukungcola nomhlwa kuqokelelana kumbhobho wamanzi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Le filimu enamafutha yenziwe kakhulu yi-cholesterol nezinye izinto.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, la mafutha agcinwayo ayakhula aze anciphise indawo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba avala indlela igazi elihamba ngayo.
- Xa ukuhamba kwegazi kuncipha: Xa udiniwe okanye uzilolonga, intliziyo ayifumani gazi laneleyo. Oku kunokubangela iintlungu esifubeni (i-angina) .
- Ukuba umthambo wegazi uvalekile ngokupheleleyo: Ngamanye amaxesha olu layer lunokugqabhuka, kubekho ihlwili legazi kuloo ndawo, kwaye umthambo wegazi uvalekile ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko, igazi liyayeka ukugeleza liye kuloo ndawo yentliziyo. Xa ioksijini inqunyulwa, izihlunu ezikuloo ndawo ziqala ukufa. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba 'luhlaselo lwentliziyo' .
Kukho nezinye iimeko ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga:
- I-Aneurysm: Ubuthathaka bodonga lomthambo wegazi, okubangela ukuba ludumbe njengebhaluni.
- Ukuxinana kwemithambo yegazi: Ukuxinana okukhulu kwemisipha ngequbuliso, okubangela ukuvaleka kokuhamba kwegazi.
- Iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zokuzalwa (i-Anomalous coronary arteries): Ukubakho kwezinye iimeko ezingaqhelekanga kwindawo yemithambo ngexesha lokuzalwa.
Iimpawu zesilumkiso - zilumkele ezi!
Ukuba kukho ingxaki ngemithambo yentliziyo, uphawu oluphambili ziintlungu zesifuba (i-angina) . Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, ixesha lokuqala abafumanisa ukuba banesifo semithambo yentliziyo emva kokuba behlaselwe yintliziyo. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi mpawu.
Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwezi mpawu zilandelayo.
| Uphawu | Kwenziwe ntoni? |
|---|---|
| Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungakhululeki (i-Angina) Intlungu eyenzeka ingakumbi xa uzilolonga, unyuka izinyuko, okanye xa uxinezelekile engqondweni ize iphele xa uphumle. | Esi sisilumkiso. Bona ugqirha wosapho lwakho ngokukhawuleza kwaye uthethe ngale nto. |
| Ingxamiseko! - Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo | |
| Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni Isifuba sivakala siqinile, sixinene, kwaye sinzima. | Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye fowunela inkonzo ye-ambulensi ka-1990 ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane. |
| Intlungu isasazeka kwezinye iindawo Intlungu isasazeka emhlathini, entanyeni, emqolo, ezingalweni (ingakumbi engalweni yasekhohlo), okanye emagxeni. | |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | |
| Ndiziva ndibanda kwaye ndibila | |
| Ubuthathaka, ukuquleka, okanye isiyezi | |
Uzigcina njani ezi mithambo yegazi zixabisekileyo ziphilile?
Eyona nto ingcono kukuthintela esi sifo ngaphambi kokuba senzeke. Utshintsho olulula kwindlela esiphila ngayo lunokugcina le mithambo yentliziyo ixabisekileyo isempilweni.
- Ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo: Nciphisa ukutya ityuwa, ioyile, kunye neswekile . Nciphisa ukutya okunamafutha agcweleyo kunye ne-cholesterol eninzi (inyama enamafutha, ukutya okuqhotsiweyo, ukutya okukhawulezayo). Endaweni yoko, faka iziqhamo ezitsha, imifuno, iimbotyi, iintlanzi ezincinci, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo ekutyeni kwakho.
- Ukuzilolonga rhoqo: ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosukuZilolonge umzimba njengokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukubaleka, okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile. Oku kuya kukunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-cholesterol kunye nobunzima.
- Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi: Ukuba unexinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, thatha amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele. Jonga uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho rhoqo.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngoko nangoko . Nguwona monakalo mkhulu entliziyweni yakho nakwimithambo yegazi. Kwakhona, ukuba phakathi kwabantu abatshayayo (ukutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya) kuyingozi.
- Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala kangangoko unako okanye uyeke ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukulawula uxinzelelo: Zama ukugcina ingqondo yakho ikhululekile ngezinto ezifana neyoga nokucamngca.
Ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko kwimpilo yemithambo yakho yentliziyo (umz., imbali yosapho lwakho yesifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile, i-cholesterol ephezulu), thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo uze ufumane iingcebiso kunye nonyango olufunekayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Imithambo yegazi ye-coronary yinkqubo yemithambo yegazi enika igazi kwimisipha yentliziyo yethu kwaye ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwentliziyo.
- Le mithambo inokuthi ivalwe yi-fatty deposits (atherosclerosis). Le meko ibizwa ngokuba sisifo se-coronary artery (CAD), kwaye yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
- Intlungu yesifuba (i-Angina) luphawu olubalulekileyo lwesilumkiso. Ungaze uyityeshele. Bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Iimpawu ezifana neentlungu eziqatha esifubeni, ukuphefumla kancinci, kunye nokubila zinokuba ziimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Kwimeko enjalo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Ungayigcina imithambo yakho yentliziyo isempilweni ngokutya ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga rhoqo, ukuphepha ukutshaya, nokulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi.
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