Zingaphi izihlandlo ngemini esigoba size silungise amadolo ethu? Cinga ngako... Ukususela ekuvukeni kwethu kusasa ukuya kutsho ekulaleni ebusuku, amadolo ethu asetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke into esiyenzayo. Xa sihamba, sibaleka, sinyuka izinyuko, sihlala phantsi, siqhuba imoto, sidlala ikhilikithi, okanye silungiselela ukubetha ibhola... idolo lethu lisinceda kuzo zonke ezi zinto. Kodwa ngaba siyazi kakuhle ukuba linjani na isakhiwo salo kwaye lisebenza njani? Yintoni imbangela yentlungu yedolo eyenzeka ngamanye amaxesha? Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngazo zonke ezi zinto ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.
Kalula nje, yintoni le dolo?
Idolo lilungu elidibanisa ithanga lakho nomlenze ongezantsi. Enyanisweni, lelona lungu likhulu emzimbeni wethu.
Njengazo zonke ezinye izihlanganisi, idolo liyinxalenye yenkqubo yethu yamathambo. Kodwa ayingomathambo kuphela. Likwaquka i-cartilage, izihlunu, imisipha kunye nemithambo-luvo. Zonke ezi zinto zisebenza kunye ukudala le ndlela imangalisayo ebizwa ngokuba yidolo.
Umsebenzi ophambili wedolo kukuxhasa ubunzima bomzimba wethu, ukusinceda sigobe kwaye sishukumise imilenze yethu. Enyanisweni, idolo linceda phantse kuyo nayiphi na imisebenzi oyenzayo usebenzisa imilenze yakho.
Ukuba uneentlungu zedolo, musa ukuzityeshela. Bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Angafumanisa unobangela wentlungu yakho kunye nezinye iimpawu aze akunike unyango oluya kukunceda ubuyele esiqhelweni.
Ngoko ke makhe sijonge ngokusondeleyo ukuba le dolo liyinceda njani imizimba yethu.
| Imisebenzi ephambili yedolo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukushukumisa imilenze | Inika isiseko sayo yonke intshukumo, efana nokugoba, ukolula, ukuhamba, ukubaleka, kunye nokutsiba. |
| Ukuthwala ubunzima bomzimba | Isinceda sixhase ubunzima bomzimba wethu wonke xa sima kwaye sihamba. |
| Ukugcina umzimba uzinzile | Amadolo abalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi yethu kunye nokugcina umzimba uzinzile. |
Idolo lilungu elinjani?
Kwizonyango, amalungu ahlulwe ngokwendlela akhiwe ngayo kunye nomsebenzi wawo.
Idolo lilungu le-synovial . Olu hlobo lwelungu lunenkululeko enkulu yokuhamba. Zenziwe ngendlela yokuba ithambo elinye lingene kwelinye ithambo kwisokethi. Iziphelo zala mathambo zigqunywe luhlobo lwe-cartilage olutyibilikayo nolugudileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-hyaline cartilage . Kwakhona, kukho ulwelo lokuthambisa olubizwa ngokuba yi-synovial fluid oluzalisa umsantsa phakathi kwamathambo amabini. Olu lwelo lufumaneka kwinxalenye efana nengxowa (i-synovial membrane). Olu phawu longezelelweyo lolwelo luvumela amalungu afana nedolo ukuba ahambe kakuhle ngaphandle kokungqubana.
Ngokuphathelele intshukumo, idolo lidibanisi lehinji . Cinga ngalo njengehinji yocango. Ihinji yocango ingavuleka ize ivaleke kwicala elinye kuphela, akunjalo? Ngendlela efanayo, idolo lingagoba kwaye loluleke kwicala elinye kuphela (phambili nangasemva).
Yenziwe ngantoni idolo?
Esi sakhiwo sintsonkothileyo esibizwa ngokuba yidolo siqulathe iinxalenye ezintlanu eziphambili:
- Amathambo
- I-Cartilage
- Iiligamenti
- Izihlunu
- Imiva
Masizijonge ngokulula ezi zinto nganye nganye.
### Amathambo
Amathambo amathathu aphambili ayadibana ukuze enze idolo.
| Igama lethambo | Indawo |
|---|---|
| I-Femur | Ithambo elisethangeni (umlenze ongasentla). |
| Ithambo eliphambili lomlenze ongezantsi (iTibia) | Ithambo elityebileyo nelithwala ubunzima emlenzeni ongezantsi. |
| I-Donecap (iPatella) | Ithambo elincinci, elinonxantathu phambi kwedolo. |
Iindawo apho la mathambo adibana khona zibizwa ngokuba ziindawo ezidibeneyo. Kukho amalungu amabini anjalo edolweni. Elinye liphakathi kwe-kneecap kunye nethambo lethanga (patellofemoral articulation), kwaye elinye liphakathi kwethambo lethanga kunye nethambo le-shin (tibiofemoral articulation).
### I-Cartilage
I-Cartilage sisicwili esiqinileyo nesiguquguqukayo esisebenza njengesithinteli sokuthuthumela kwaye sikhusela amalungu ethu. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-cartilage edolweni.
1. I-Hyaline cartilage: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-cartilage emzimbeni wethu. Abanye oogqirha balubiza ngokuba yi-articular cartilage. Igudile kakhulu kwaye iyatyibilika. Ifana nethayile emanzi ecoliweyo kakuhle. Yiyo loo nto amathambo amabini ehamba kakuhle kwaye engenantlungu. Iindawo apho ithambo lethanga, ithambo le-shin, kunye ne-kneecap zidibana khona zigqunywe yile cartilage.
2. I-Fibrocartilage: Njengoko igama lisitsho, le yi-cartilage eqinileyo eyenziwe ngemicu etyebileyo. Inamandla kakhulu. Ingafunxa ukuthuthumela kunye nokungcangcazela. I-meniscus edolweni yenziwe ngamacandelo amabini enziwe yile fibrocartilage. Ifana nee-wedges ezimbini. Ezi ziphakathi kwethambo lethanga kunye nethambo le-shin kwaye zisebenza njengomqamelo. Le meniscus iyafunxa ukuthuthumela xa sibaleka kwaye sitsiba.
Ngamafutshane, nangona i-hyaline cartilage inceda ukuba ilungu lihambe kakuhle, i-meniscus iyayifunxa i-shock kwaye ikhusele ilungu.
### IiLigaments
Iiligamenti zifana neebhanti zerabha eziqinileyo. Zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amathambo kunye nokugcina amalungu eqinile. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-ligaments zamadolo.
| Uhlobo lwebhandishi | I-Bandhani kunye nomsebenzi wayo |
|---|---|
| IiLigaments eziBambiseneyo | Ezi zifana neentambo ezimbini kumacala omabini edolo.
|
| IiLigaments zeCruciate | Ezi zifumaneka ngaphakathi kwedolo. Zibizwa ngokuba zibekwe ngendlela enqamlezileyo ngendlela efana nonobumba wesiNgesi u-'X'. Zilawula iintshukumo zedolo phambili nangasemva. |
Xa sithetha ngokwenzakala edolweni kubadlali, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhe weva ngeenyembezi ze-ACL kunye neenyembezi ze-MCL. Yiloo nto sithetha ngayo xa sithetha ngokonakala kwezi ligaments.
### Izihlunu
Izihlunu zizicubu ezithambileyo ezenziwe ngemicu ethambileyo. Ziyagoba (ziyaguquguquka) ukuze zishukumise iindawo zomzimba wethu. Izihlunu ezisemlenzeni zinceda kakhulu ekulawuleni intshukumo yedolo.
Kukho amaqela amabini amakhulu ezihlunu.
- Ii-Flexors: Ezi zinceda ekugobeni idolo. Imizekelo yezi zihlunu ezingaphambili kwethanga (iiQuadriceps).
- I-Extensors (imisipha ye-extensor): Ezi zinceda ekulungiseni idolo eligobileyo. Umzekelo woku yi-hamstrings, ezizimisipha ezingasemva kwethanga.
### Imiva
Imithambo-luvo ifana neentambo zombane. Ithwala imiyalezo esuka engqondweni iye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, kwaye ikwathwala neemvakalelo (ubushushu, umkhuhlane, iintlungu) ezivela kwiindawo zomzimba ukuya engqondweni. Imithambo-luvo emikhulu, efana nemithambo-luvo ye-femoral kunye nemithambo-luvo ye-sciatic, ihamba ngedolo. Ezi zilawula intshukumo kunye neemvakalelo zemisipha ejikeleze idolo.
Ziziphi iingxaki kunye neemeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela idolo?
Nantoni na eyonakalisa amathambo ethu okanye izicubu ezidityanisiweyo inokuchaphazela amadolo. Nazi ezinye zeengxaki eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela amadolo.
| Uhlobo lwengxaki | Imizekelo |
|---|---|
| Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zonyango | |
| Isifo samathambo | I-Osteoarthritis, isifo samalungu esibangelwa kukuguguleka kwe-cartilage njengoko sikhula, sidla ngokuchaphazela amadolo. |
| I-Bursitis | Ukudumba kweengxowa ezizaliswe lulwelo (bursa) ezijikeleze ilungu. |
| I-Tendinitis | Ukudumba kwezicubu (imisipha) ezidibanisa izihlunu namathambo. |
| Ukulimala okubangelwa yimidlalo neengozi | |
| Iinyembezi zeLigament | Ukukrazuka kwe-ACL kunye ne-MCL ligament kuxhaphake kakhulu. |
| Iinyembezi zeMeniscus | Oku kungenzeka ngenxa yento efana nokujijeka kwedolo ngequbuliso. |
| Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo | Amathambo asedolweni anokwaphuka. |
| Ukufuduka | Ukuqhekeka kwe-patellar kudla ngokuvela. |
Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zengxaki yedolo?
Iimpawu zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko echaphazela idolo lakho. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweengxaki zedolo zineempawu ezifanayo:
- Intlungu: Intlungu iyenzeka, ingakumbi xa ushukumisa idolo okanye ubeka ubunzima kulo.
- Ukudumba: Ukudumba okujikeleze idolo.
- Ukutshintsha kombala:Ubomvu okanye ubuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bedolo.
- Ukuziva ufudumele: Xa uchukumisa idolo lakho, livakala lifudumele kunezinye iindawo.
- Ukujikajika: Ukuziva into ijikajika okanye icinezeleka ngaphakathi edolweni.
- Ukuqhawuka: Isandi sokuqhawuka okanye imvakalelo edolweni (ingakumbi xa kukho ukwenzakala).
- Ukuqina kwedolo: Ukungakwazi ukugoba okanye ukolula idolo.
- Ukuphelelwa ngamandla edolweni: Ukungakwazi ukubeka ubunzima edolweni kunye nokuziva ngathi umlenze uyaphelelwa ngamandla.
Uzigcina njani amadolo akho ephilile?
Amadolo ethu axabiseke kakhulu. Ngoko ke ngumsebenzi wethu ukuwanyamekela kakuhle. Ungenza ezi zinto zilula ukuze ugcine amadolo akho ephilile.
- Landela indlela yokuphila enempilo: Landela ukutya okunempilo kunye nesicwangciso sokuzilolonga esikufaneleyo. Ukulawula ubunzima bomzimba wakho kubaluleke kakhulu emadolweni akho. Kuba ubunzima obugqithisileyo bubeka uxinzelelo olungeyomfuneko emadolweni akho.
- Funa ingcebiso kagqirha: Fumana uhlolo lwezonyango rhoqo. Nokuba uziva intlungu encinci okanye utshintsho edolweni lakho, musa ukuyityeshela kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela: Ukuba udlala umdlalo okanye wenza umsebenzi onokuba yingozi emadolweni akho, nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo (umz. izikhuseli zamadolo) ngokuchanekileyo.
- Nxiba izihlangu ezifanelekileyo: Nxiba izihlangu ezilingana kakuhle neenyawo zakho kwaye zibonelela ngenkxaso elungileyo.
- Zifudumeze ngaphambi kokuba uzilolonge: Yenza umthambo wokuzifudumeza nokolula umzimba ngaphambi kokuba wenze nawuphi na umthambo okanye umdlalo.
Idolo lelona lungu likhulu emzimbeni wethu. Kwaye lithwala uxanduva olukhulu. Ekubeni idolo lisetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke into esiyenzayo, amathuba okwenzakala aphezulu. Ukwenzakala okuncinci ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Kodwa ungaze ungazihoyi iimpawu zedolo. Nokuba uziva utshintsho oluncinci, bona ugqirha kwaye ufumane ingcebiso. Emva koko ungagcina amadolo akho ephilile, omelele, kwaye esebenza kakuhle.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Idolo lelona lungu likhulu nelinzima emzimbeni wethu. Lenziwe ngamathambo, i-cartilage, i-ligaments kunye nemisipha.
- Idolo libalulekile ekuxhaseni ubunzima bomzimba wethu, ukuhamba, ukubaleka, kunye nokugcina ulungelelwano.
- Ungaze uzityeshele iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zedolo, ukudumba, ukuqina, okanye isandi sokukrwitsha.
- Ukulawula ubunzima bomzimba kunye nokuzilolonga ngokufanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yamadolo.
- Ukuba uneengxaki zamadolo, musa ukucinga ukuba unengxaki.Bona ugqirha ofanelekileyo ngoko nangoko uze ufumane ingcebiso nonyango olufanelekileyo.
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