Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba, xa ungenwa ngumkhuhlane, uphola njani kwiintsuku ezimbalwa? Ngaphandle kokuba siqaphele, imizimba yethu inenkqubo yokuzikhusela emangalisayo, njengomkhosi, esebenza ngaphakathi kuthi ukusikhusela kwizifo. Iyunithi ekhethekileyo yamajoni abaluleke kakhulu kule nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba zii-cytotoxic T cells. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngala maqhawe amancinci.
Zithini ezi seli ze-T ezinobungozi?
Ngamafutshane, ii-T cells ezine-cytotoxic luhlobo lweeseli kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela . Zifana namajoni emikhosi ekhethekileyo kumkhosi welizwe lethu. Umsebenzi wawo ophambili kukufumana nokutshabalalisa iiseli ezosulelwe ziintsholongwane ezingena emizimbeni yethu. Yiyo loo nto zikwabizwa ngokuba "zii-Killer T cells."
Ezi T cells ziveliswa kwi-gland encinci ephambi kwesifuba sethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-thymus . I-thymus gland ivelisa iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zee-T cells.
| Uhlobo lweseli T | Umsebenzi ulula. |
|---|---|
| Iiseli ze-T ezinetyhefu | Ukuchonga nokutshabalalisa iiseli ezinobungozi, ezifana neeseli ezineentsholongwane kunye neeseli zomhlaza. |
| Iiseli ze-T ezincedisayo | Ukuvuselela ezinye iiseli zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela nokuzinceda zilwe. Njengomphathi-mkhosi. |
| Iiseli ze-T ezilawulayo | Xa idabi liphelile, izenzo zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ziyalawulwa kwaye iyeke ukonakalisa ngokungeyomfuneko iiseli ezisempilweni. |
Zisebenza njani ezi seli?
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zokuzikhusela komzimba. Eyokuqala yi -innate immunity , eyinkqubo yokuzikhusela efumaneka emizimbeni yethu xa sizalwa. Eyesibini yi- adaptive immunity.Oko kukuthi, xa sichanabeka kwizifo okanye sifumana amayeza okugonya, imizimba yethu ivelisa inkqubo ethile yokuzikhusela.
Iiseli ze-T ezinetyhefu ziyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yolu hlobo lwesibini lokuzikhusela komzimba. Oku kuthetha ukuba ezi seli ziqeqeshwe ukuqaphela nokuhlasela intsholongwane ethile .
Umahluko phakathi kwee-cytotoxic T cells kunye nee-natural killer cells
Usenokuba ukhe weva ngeeNatural Killer cells. Nangona zombini zi-'killer cells', kukho umahluko omncinci.
- Iiseli zokubulala zendalo: Ezi ziyinxalenye yokuzikhusela komzimba. Oku kuthetha ukuba azidingi qeqesho lukhethekileyo okanye ukusebenza ukuze zihlasele iseli enobungozi. Zihlala zijikeleza nje.
- Iiseli ze-T ezinetyhefu: Ezi ziyinxalenye yokuzikhusela komzimba okuzilungelelanisayo. Ukuze zikwazi ukuhlasela iseli eyosulelekileyo, kufuneka ziqale zazi ngosulelo kwaye zisebenze.
Indlela yokuqala umlo
Iiseli ze-T ezinetyhefu zine-'antenna' ekhethekileyo kumphezulu wazo ebizwa ngokuba yi-CD8 receptor . Phantse yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu ine-"ikhadi lokuchonga" kumphezulu wayo. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-MHC Class I molecule . Xa iseli yosulelwe yintsholongwane, loo seli ibeka iqhekeza elincinci lentsholongwane kweli khadi le-ID kumphezulu wayo, isithi, "Nanku utshaba ngaphakathi kum."
Kulapho ke i-antenna ye-CD8 yeseli yethu ye-T ifumana khona esi siginali. Emva koko iseli ye-T iyasebenza ize ivelise iikhemikhali ezifunekayo ukutshabalalisa iseli eyosulelekileyo.
Kwakhona, xa ii-helper T cells zibona usulelo, zikhupha ii-messenger ezibizwa ngokuba zii-cytokines . Ezi miyalezo zikhuthaza ngakumbi ii-cytotoxic T cells ukuba zijoyine umlo.
Ziphi ezi T cells emzimbeni wethu?
Iiseli ze-T ziqala ubomi bazo kumongo wethu wethambo . Emva koko, njengeeseli ezingavuthwanga, ziya kwi-thymus gland esifubeni sethu. I-thymus ifana nesikolo soqeqesho lweeseli ze-T. Kulapho ezi seli zivuthwa khona zize zifunde ukuba yintoni umsebenzi wazo. Emva koqeqesho, ezi seli zijikeleza kuwo wonke umzimba.
Kukho inani elikhulu lee-T cells kuyo yonke inkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic , ngakumbi. Amanqanaba aphezulu ee-T cells anokufumaneka kwi:
- Ummongo wethambo
- Amathumbu
- Imiphunga
- Ithumba
- Ispleen
- Iitoni
Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela ii-T cells?
Ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela inokungasebenzi kakuhle. Kukho iimeko ezininzi ezichaphazela ii-T cells.
- Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni:Okwenzekayo kwezi meko kukuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela iiseli zethu eziphilileyo.
- I-acute lymphocytic leukemia: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza oluqala egazini nasemongweni wethambo.
- I-Adult Hodgkin lymphoma: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza oluqala kwiiseli zenkqubo ye-lymphatic.
- I-HIV: Le ntsholongwane ihlasela ngokuthe ngqo iiseli zenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba, ingakumbi iiseli ze-T.
- I-Job syndrome: Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga senkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela esibangela usulelo oluqhelekileyo.
- I-Thymic aplasia: Ukuveliswa kweeseli ze-T kuyaphazamiseka ngenxa yokuba i-thymus gland ayikhuli kakuhle ngexesha lokuzalwa.
Izinto esinokuzenza ukugcina amajoni ethu omzimba eqinile
Zininzi izinto ezilula esinokuzenza ukugcina umkhosi wethu wokhuselo omangalisayo uphilile kwaye unamandla.
- Kuphephe utywala okanye unciphise kakhulu.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo. Faka iziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi, inyama engenamafutha, intlanzi, amantongomane, kunye nokutya okunesondlo.
- Zilolonge rhoqo. Faka iintlobo ngeentlobo zemithambo efana nokuhamba, ukubaleka, kunye nokuphakamisa iintsimbi.
- Lala kakuhle. Zama ukulala ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-7-8 ngosuku.
- Kuphephe ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya nokusebenzisa icuba. Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokuyeka, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto.
- Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha namanzi. Oku kunokunceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni iintsholongwane ukuba zingangeni emzimbeni wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iiseli ze-T ezinetyhefu liqela elikhethekileyo lamajoni kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba atshabalalisa iintshaba, ezifana neeseli ezineentsholongwane kunye neeseli zomhlaza.
- Ezi seli ziyavuthwa kwaye ziqeqesha kwi-thymus gland yomzimba wethu.
- Ii-Helper T cells zifana nezithunywa ezivuselela ezi seli zibulalayo ukuba zilwe.
- Izinto ezilula ezifana nokutya okunesondlo, ukulala kakuhle, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya zinokugcina amasosha omzimba ethu eqinile.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nomzimba wakho okanye ukugula rhoqo, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
💬 Comments (0)
Akukho zimvo zithunyelweyo okwangoku. Faka uluvo lwakho apha okokuqala.
Faka uluvo lwakho