Ngaba nawe uyathimla rhoqo? Ngaba impumlo yakho ivakala ivaliwe? Masifunde nge-allergy rhinitis!

Ngaba uphinda ube nempumlo egobhozayo xa uvuka kusasa? Ngaba impumlo yakho iziva ixinene kwaye irhawuzelela? Ngaba amehlo, umlomo, nomqala wakho zihlala zirhawuzelela? Ukuba kunjalo, usenokuba unayo into esithetha ngayo : I-Allergic Rhinitis , okanye njengoko abanye beyibiza njalo , iHay Fever . Nangona igama elithi "umkhuhlane" lithetha, uninzi lwabantu alufumani mkhuhlane. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula.

Yintoni i-Allergic Rhinitis?

Ngamafutshane, i-allergy rhinitis yindlela umzimba wethu osabela ngayo kwi-allergy kwizinto ezisingqongileyo ezincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa (ezibizwa ngokuba zi-allergens) . Xa ezi allergens zingena emzimbeni wethu ngempumlo okanye ngomlomo, umzimba wethu ucinga ukuba kukho into enobungozi engene kuyo. Emva koko, umzimba ukhupha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-histamine . Yile nto ebangela iimpawu ezifana nokuthimla, impumlo egobhozayo, kunye namehlo arhawuzelelayo.

Ayisuleli njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Kwakhona, ayikuko konke ukuxinana kweempumlo okubangelwa yi-allergy rhinitis. Abanye abantu banokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-non-allergy rhinitis , esineempawu ezifanayo, kodwa esingabangelwa yi-allergens.

Ziziphi izinto eziphambili ezibangela oku?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela ukuba i-allergy rhinitis ikhule. Ezi zinokuba ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Nazi ezinye zezona ziphambili:

• I-pollen evela kwimithi, ingca, kunye nokhula: Ezi zibhabha emoyeni, ingakumbi ngexesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo.
• Ii-spores ze-mold: Ezi zikhula kwiindawo ezifumileyo, njengamagumbi okuhlambela, amakhitshi, kwanaphakathi kweenqwaba zamagqabi.
• I-dander yezilwanyana zasekhaya: Ezi zixhaphakile kumakhaya anezilwanyana ezifana neekati nezinja.
• Iincukuthu zothuli: Ezi zidalwa zincinci, ezingabonakaliyo emehlweni, zihlala kwiimatrasi zethu, kwimiqamelo, kwiibhedi, kwiisofa nakwiikhethini.
• Amathe kunye nendle yamaqhude: Abanye abantu banokuba ne-allergy kwezi zinto.

Khawucinge nje, xa uphuma uye egadini kusasa, uqala ukuthimla rhoqo, okanye xa ubeka iincwadi ezindala ecaleni, impumlo yakho iyavaleka. Mhlawumbi into efana nale yimbangela.

Ngawaphi amaxesha onyaka achaphazeleka kakhulu yile aleji?

I-allergic rhinitis inokwenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu bachaphazeleka kakhulu yiyo ngamaxesha athile onyaka.

• Ii-aleji zexesha lonyaka: Ezi zihlala zixhaphake kakhulu ngexesha lentwasahlobo, ihlobo, kunye nexesha lokuqala kwekwindla. Oku kungenxa yokuba imithi kunye neentyatyambo ziyadubula ngeli xesha, kwaye amanqanaba e-pollen aphezulu kwindawo esingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, la maxesha e-pollen anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ohlala kuyo.
• Ii-allergies ezingapheliyo:Ezi zingabakho unyaka wonke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zibangelwa zizinto ezingaphakathi endlwini. Umzekelo, iincukuthu zothuli, i-pet dander, njl. Ezi zinokukhula ebusika kuba iifestile zivaliwe.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Ewe, le yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu kunokuba unokucinga. Izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela zinesifo sokunganyamezelani ne-rhinitis. Ngokwezinye izifundo, malunga nama-20% abantu banale meko. Oko kuthetha ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho okanye umhlobo wakho unayo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-allergy rhinitis?

Ezi mpawu zinokwahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ubukhali beempawu bunokwahluka. Jonga ukuba unazo na ezimbalwa kwezi:

• Ukuxinana kwempumlo, ukuthimla, kunye nempumlo egobhozayo.
• Impumlo, umphimbo, namehlo arhawuzelelayo.
• Ubomvu okanye ukumanzisa amehlo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu , uxinzelelo lwe-sinus, kunye nezangqa ezimnyama ezijikeleze amehlo.
• Ukuqokelelwa kakhulu kwe-mucus empumlweni nasemqaleni.
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu ngenxa yokungena komqala emqaleni (i-postnasal drip).
• Abanye abantu banokufumana iimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, ukukhohlela, kunye nokuphefumla kancinci .

Nokuba unenye okanye ezimbini kwezi mpawu, ukuba ziyaqhubeka, kulungile ukubona ugqirha.

Ingaba oku kukunganyamezelani komzimba? Ingaba ngumkhuhlane? Wazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo?

Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Kuba iimpawu ze-allergy rhinitis zifana kakhulu nezomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko omncinci.

Amehlo arhawuzelelwayo, abomvu, namanzi axhaphakileyo xa kukho i-allergies . Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu azibi zimbi kakhulu xa kukho umkhuhlane. Iintlungu zomzimba kunye nomkhuhlane zinokwenzeka xa kukho umkhuhlane.

Enye into kukuba i-allergy rhinitis idla ngokubangelwa sisizathu esithile (i-trigger) . Umzekelo, xa imozulu itshintsha, njengokuzisa isilwanyana esitsha endlwini. I-allergy inokubakho malunga nexesha elifanayo minyaka le (umz., entwasahlobo) kwaye ingaqala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Kodwa, umkhuhlane ubangelwa yintsholongwane. Usasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ngoko ke, ukuba ubukunye nomntu onomkhuhlane, unokufumana umkhuhlane. Umkhuhlane udla ngokuphela emva kweveki. Kodwa, ukuba yi-allergy, unokuhlala ixesha elide de i- allergen isuswe kwindawo engqongileyo.

Kutheni sifumana i-allergy rhinitis? Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni?

I-Allergic Rhinitis ibangelwa, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, yinkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela esabela kwizinto ezincinci (ii-allergens) kwindawo esihlala kuyo ezincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngamehlo enyama.Ngenxa yempendulo ebukhali kakhulu yinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Ezi zinto zibangela i-allergen azinabungozi kubantu abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba une-allergy rhinitis, inkqubo yakho yomzimba icinga ukuba i-allergen ngumhlaseli ongena emzimbeni wakho. Ngoko ke, ukukhusela umzimba wakho, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ikhupha iikhemikhali ezifana ne -histamine egazini lakho. Le histamine ibangela ukuba ii-mucous membranes empumlweni yakho, emehlweni, nasemqaleni zidumbe kwaye zirhawuzelele. Le yindlela umzimba wakho ozama ngayo ukususa i-allergen.

Sele sixubushe ngeentlobo eziphambili zezinto ezibangela i-allergen:

• Iincukuthu zothuli zihlala kwiikhaphethi, kwiikhethini, kwiibhedi nakwifenitshala.
• Impova evela kwimithi, ingca, kunye nokhula.
• Isilwanyana sasekhaya esithambileyo.
• Iispores zomngundo.
• Amathe kunye nenkunkuma yeenkumbi .

Ezinye izinto ezibangela ukunganyamezelani kokutya zinokubangela ukudumba kwempumlo nomqala. Nangona kunjalo, ukungakwazi ukutya ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yingozi ebomini. Ke ngoko, ukuba ukrokrela ukuba uneempawu ezingapheliyo zokunganyamezelani ngenxa yokutya okuthile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa oku?

I-allergies inokuba yimfuza . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba abazali bakho okanye ilungu losapho lwakho linee-allergies, usenokuba sengozini yokuba ne-allergies.

Kwakhona, abantu abane -asthma okanye i-eczema (isifo solusu esifana ne-eczema) banamathuba amaninzi okuba nale meko.

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto?

Xa usiya kugqirha, baya kuqala bakuhlole baze bakubuze ngeempawu zakho. Baya kujonga nezinye iimeko, ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye ne-asthma. Banokwenza novavanyo lwe-allergy .

• Uvavanyo lwe-allergy yegazi: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ubungakanani bee-antibodies kwisampulu yegazi lakho eziveliswe ngokuchasene ne-allergen ethile. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-Immunoglobulin E (IgE) . Lunokubona iintlobo ezininzi ze-allergy, kwane-allergy yokutya.
• Uvavanyo lwe-skin prick kunye/okanye uvavanyo lwangaphakathi kwesikhumba: Olu vavanyo lunceda ekufumaneni ukuba yeyiphi kanye kanye i-allergen oyi-allergen. Kuvavanyo lwe-skin prick , ugqirha wakho ubeka inani elincinci le-allergens eluswini lwakho (ngesiqhelo ngasemva kwengalo okanye isandla sakho) aze alihlabe ngenaliti encinci. Ukuba u-allergen kwi-allergen, indawo iya kuba bomvu, irhawuzelele, kwaye idumbe kwimizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30. Uvavanyo lwangaphakathi kwesikhumbaLe iyafana, kodwa i-allergen ifakwa phantsi kwesikhumba.

Wakuba ufumanise ukuba yeyiphi i-allergen ekukhathazayo ngezi mvavanyo, kulula ukuyiphepha uze ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo.

Iphathwa njani i-rhinitis ye-allergy?

Ngethamsanqa, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-allergy rhinitis. La mayeza eza ngohlobo lweepilisi, ulwelo, amathontsi amehlo, izitshizi zeempumlo, kunye neenaliti. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa naliphi na iyeza. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukhulelwe okanye unezinye iingxaki zempilo.

Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zonyango:

Ii-Antihistamines

Ezi zingathengwa ngaphandle kwekhawuntara (OTC) ngencwadi kagqirha okanye ngaphandle kwayo. La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-histamine ekhutshwa ngumzimba ngexesha lokusabela kwe-allergy. Afika ngohlobo lweepilisi, ulwelo, amathontsi amehlo, izitshizi zeempumlo, kunye nee-inhalers. Imizekelo:

• I-Loratadine (umz. iClaritin®)
• I-Cetirizine (umz. iZyrtec®)
• I-Fexofenadine (umz. i-Allegra®)
• I-Levocetirizine (umz. iXyzal®)

Ezinye ii-antihistamines zinokubangela ukozela. Ngoko ke, kuphephe ukusela utywala ngelixa usebenzisa la mayeza, ingakumbi ukuba uqhuba imoto.

Amayeza anciphisa ukuxinana kweempumlo (i-Decongestants)

La mayeza anciphisa ukuxinana kwempumlo kunye neempumlo. Angathathwa ngomlomo njengeepilisi, ulwelo, okanye izitshizi zeempumlo. Imizekelo:

• I-Afrin® impumlo spray
• I-Phenylephrine impumlo spray (umz. i-Neo-Synephrine®)
• I-Pseudoephedrine (umz. iSudafed®)

Ezi zinokubangela izinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, iintloko ezibuhlungu, ukungalali kakuhle, kunye nokungaphumli. Ukusebenzisa izitshizi zokukhulula ukuxinana kweempumlo kangangeentsuku ezingaphezu kwezintlanu kunokubangela ukuba umntu abe likhoboka lazo.

Izitshizi ze-corticosteroid impumlo

Ezi sprays kunye nee-inhalers zinciphisa ukudumba empumlweni kwaye zithomalalise iimpawu zomkhuhlane wehay. Izisprays zempumlo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka iFlonase®, iNasacort®, kunye neRhinocort®. Ezi zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana neentloko ezibuhlungu, ukudumba ngaphakathi empumlweni, ukopha empumlweni, kunye nokukhwehlela.

Izithinteli zeLeukotriene

Ngexesha lokusabela kwe-allergy, umzimba wethu ukhupha iikhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba yi-histamine kunye ne-leukotrienes. Ezi zikwabangela iimpawu zokudumba kunye ne-hay fever. La mayeza eza ngohlobo lweepilisi kwaye anokuthathwa kuphela ngomyalelo kagqirha. Asebenza ngokuthintela la ma-leukotrienes. Eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu yiMontelukast (umz. iSingulair®). Abanye abantu banokuba notshintsho lweemvakalelo, amaphupha angaqhelekanga, iintshukumo zemisipha ezingafunekiyo, kunye nokurhawuzelelwa lusu xa bethatha la mayeza.

Unyango lwe-immunotherapy

Olu nyango lufundisa umzimba wakho ukuba ukwazi ukumelana nezinto ezibangela i-allergen. Ugqirha wakho ukunika uthotho lweenaliti (ezibizwa ngokuba yi -subcutaneous immunotherapy, okanye i-allergy shots) zezixa ezincinci kakhulu ze-allergen. Ngenaliti nganye, ugqirha wakho uyandisa kancinci kancinci inani le-allergen. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkqubo yakho yomzimba iqhelana ne-allergen ize iyeke ukusabela kuyo.

Kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lomzimba olusetyenziswa ngomlomo, oluza njengepilisi oyifaka phantsi kolwimi lwakho. Olu nyango okwangoku lufumaneka kuphela kwi-allergies kwimithi, ingca, kunye neencukuthu zothuli (e-United States).

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani le allergy?

Iyahluka kumntu nomntu. Uninzi lwabantu lufumana isiqabu kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuthatha amayeza. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka uqhubeke nokuthatha amayeza de i-allergen iphele. Abanye abantu banokuba nezi mpawu kangangeeveki okanye iinyanga, ingakumbi ukuba abawasebenzisi amayeza okanye ukuba abanakufumana amayeza okunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu zabo.

Yintoni onokuyilindela xa uphila nale meko?

I-allergic rhinitis inokuba yinto engathandekiyo kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ayibangeli iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo. Abantu abaninzi balawula ezi mpawu ngokutshintsha indlela abaphila ngayo kunye namayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-allergies kwezi zinto ziphuma emoyeni basengozini enkulu yosulelo lwendlebe kunye nosulelo lwe-sinus . Kwakhona, ukuba oku kukwenza ungalali kakuhle ebusuku, unokuziva udiniwe emini. Ukuba une-asthma, i-hay fever ingenza iimpawu zakho ze-asthma zibe zimbi ngakumbi.

Yintoni esinokuyenza ukuthintela i-allergy rhinitis?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo oku ukuba kungenzeki. Nangona kunjalo, ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila, kulula ukuphila nale aleji. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala kude nezinto ezibangela aleji kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Zama ezi zinto ukunciphisa iimpawu:

• Nciphisa ukuchukumisa ubuso bakho, amehlo kunye nempumlo kangangoko unako.
• Gcina iifestile zekhaya lakho nezemoto zivaliwe ngamaxesha apho amanqanaba aphezulu e-pollen (entwasahlobo, ehlotyeni, nasekuqaleni kwekwindla).
• Ukuze ukhusele kwiincukuthu zothuli, faka izigqubuthelo kwimiqamelo, kumatrasi, nakwiishiti zokulala.
• Nqanda izilwanyana zasekhaya ukuba zingangeni kwiisofa nakwiibhedi. Gcina iingcango zivaliwe kumagumbi ongafuni ukuba zibe kuwo.
• Sebenzisa izihluzi kwi-vacuum cleaner yakho nakwi-air conditioner ukuze unciphise inani lezinto ezibangela i-allergen emoyeni.
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo, ingakumbi emva kokudlala nezilwanyana.
• Nxiba umnqwazi kunye neeglasi zelanga ukuze ukhusele amehlo akho kwi-pollen xa uphuma ngaphandle. Tshintsha impahla yakho xa ufika ekhaya.

Ngaba udinga ukubona ugqirha?

Nangona i-rhinitis ye-allergy idla ngokungabangeli iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo, licebo elihle ukubona ugqirha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayisiyonto imbi, njenge-asthma okanye usulelo lwe-sinus. Ngokukodwa, kufuneka ubonane nogqirha ukuba:

• Ukuba iimpawu ze-allergy ziphazamisana nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.
• Ukuba unengxaki yokulala kakuhle ebusuku.
• Ukuba iimpawu azipheli nangona usela amayeza okulwa ne-allergy.

Ugqirha angakunceda ufumanise ukuba yeyiphi i-allergen oyibangelayo kwaye akucebise unyango olunokukunceda ufumane isiqabu.

Ngamafutshane (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-Allergic Rhinitis inokuba yinto ecaphukisayo kancinci. Kodwa, akukho nto inokubangela ukukhathazeka ngayo. Ukuba iphathwa ngendlela efanelekileyo, ayiyongxaki ukuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobonwabisayo nayo. Izigidi zabantu ziyayilawula le meko ngamayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, thetha nogqirha kwaye ufumane unyango kunye neengcebiso ezikufaneleyo. Emva koko nawe ungaphefumla kamnandi kwaye uphile!

I- rhinitis ye-allergy, umkhuhlane wengca, ii-allergies, ukuthimla, ukuxinana kwempumlo, i-pollen, iincukuthu zothuli