Ngaba wakha waziva ukuba inxalenye ethile yengalo okanye umlenze wakho ihlala ingenamsebenzi, okanye ibuhlungu nje? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba kukho ingxaki ngaloo ngalo okanye umlenze. Kodwa unobangela unokuba kude kakhulu, kwimithambo-luvo evela kumqolo wakho. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale 'mephu yemithambo-luvo' imangalisayo yomzimba wethu. Kwezonyango, le ngxaki siyibiza ngokuba yi-dermatome. Esi sisihloko esinomdla kakhulu, makhe sibone ukuba yintoni.
Kalula nje, yintoni i-dermatome?
I-dermatome ligama elinikwa indawo ethile yesikhumba emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa ayisiyondawo yesikhumba kuphela. Indawo nganye kwezi ilawulwa, oko kuthetha ukuba iimvakalelo (iimvakalelo) zaloo ndawo zithwalwa ziye engqondweni ngumthambo othile kumqolo wethu (umqolo).
Cinga ngale ndlela. Umqolo wakho ufana nomgaqo omkhulu. Ulwazi (iimpawu zemithambo-luvo) luhamba lunyuka luze luhle kule ndlela, luye engqondweni nakwamanye amalungu omzimba. Kukho iindlela ezincinci ezingena ziphuma kule ndlela. Ezo ndlela ziphumayo yimithambo-luvo yomqolo ephuma kumqolo wethu. Indlela nganye iqhagamshelwe kwinxalenye ethile yomzimba. Loo ndawo ithile yesikhumba ibizwa ngokuba yi-dermatome.
Olu lwalamano lusebenza macala omabini.
1. Ukusuka engqondweni ukuya emzimbeni: Xa ufuna ukuhambisa ingalo yakho, isignali evela engqondweni yakho ihamba ngomqolo wakho ize idlule kwimithambo-luvo efanelekileyo iye kwimisipha engalweni yakho.
2. Ukusuka emzimbeni ukuya engqondweni: Ukuba uphosa amanzi ashushu esandleni sakho, imvakalelo isuka eluswini idlule kwimithambo-luvo efanelekileyo iye emgogodleni ize isuke apho iye engqondweni, ikwenze uzive "isandla sakho siyatsha." Le yindlela eziva ngayo zonke izinto, kuquka ukuchukumisa, ukubanda, ubushushu, kunye nentlungu.
Ngoko ke, le mephu yedermatome ibaluleke njani kugqirha?
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ukuba unesithukuthezi, iintlungu, okanye ulahlekelwe yimvakalelo naphi na emzimbeni wakho, ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa le mephu yedermatome ukuze afumanise ukuba ingxaki iphi.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba ubhontsi wakho uhlala ungasebenzi kakuhle. Xa ugqirha wakho ejonga imephu yedermatome, uyazi ukuba imithambo-luvo enika imvakalelo kubhontsi wakho yi-vertebra yesithandathu yomlomo wesibeleko (C6). Usenokukrokrela ukuba ingxaki ayikho esandleni sakho, kodwa isentanyeni yakho. Mhlawumbi idiski phakathi kwenye yemithambo-luvo yomlomo wesibeleko yakho ityibilikile kwaye icinezela imithambo-luvo.
Ngamafutshane, i-dermatome ifana nemephu yendlela enceda oogqirha bafumane iingxaki kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo.
Zifumaneka njani ezi dermatomes emzimbeni wethu?
Ngaphandle kobuso bethu, umzimba wethu wonke ugcwele iidermatomes. (Imithambo-luvo yobuso iqhagamshelwe ngqo engqondweni, ukuze ingadluli kumqolo.) Ezi zifana neebhanti ezijikeleze imizimba yethu.
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, masiqale sifunde ngeendawo zomqolo wethu.
- Umqolo Wesibeleko: Oku kufumaneka entanyeni. Ine-vertebrae ezisi-7 kunye nee-nerve ezisi-8 (C1 ukuya kwi-C8).
- Umqolo Wesifuba: Lo ufumaneka kwinxalenye ephezulu nephakathi yomqolo. Unezihlunu zethambo ezili-12 kunye neeperi ezili-12 zemithambo-luvo (T1 ukuya kwi-T12).
- Umqolo weLumbar: Oku kukwisinqe sakho esisezantsi. Ine-vertebrae ezi-5 kunye nee-nerve ezi-5 (L1 ukuya kwi-L5).
- Umqolo weSacral: Kulapho umqolo udibana khona nethambo lesinqe. Unezihlunu ezi-5 (ezidibana xa umntu emdala) kunye nee-5 zemithambo-luvo (S1 ukuya kwi-S5).
- Umqolo weCoccygeal: Eli lithambo lomsila wethu. Lenziwe ngamathambo omqolo amalunga nama-4 adityaniswe kunye. Inemithambo-luvo emibini.
Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iindawo zomzimba ezinxibelelana kuzo nganye kwezi nerve.
Iidermatomes ezinxulumene nemithambo-luvo yomlomo wesibeleko (i-Cervical Nevers - C1-C8)
Imithambo-luvo evela entanyeni iqhagamshelwe kakhulu entloko, entanyeni, emagxeni, ezingalweni, nakwiminwe.
| Uvalo | Indawo yoLusu eQhagamshelweyo |
|---|---|
| C2 | Umva wentloko kunye nendawo yesilevu phantsi kweendlebe. |
| C3 | Amacala kunye nomva wentamo. |
| C4 | Inxalenye esezantsi yentamo, umphezulu wamagxa. |
| C5 | Amagxa kunye nomqolo wengalo. |
| C6 | Icala lesithupha sengalo, elo cala lesandla kunye nobhontsi. |
| C7 | Umbindi womva wesandla, umnwe wokukhomba kunye nomnwe ophakathi. |
| C8 | Icala lomnwe omncinci wesandla nengalo, umnwe weringi kunye nomnwe omncinci. |
Iidermatomes ezinxulumene neMithambo yeTyala (T1-T12)
Ezi mithambo-luvo ziqhagamshelwe kakhulu esifubeni, esiswini, nasemqolo. Zifana neebhanti ezijikeleze umzimba.
| Uvalo | Indawo yoLusu eQhagamshelweyo |
|---|---|
| T1 | Icala elingaphakathi lengalo (icala lasekhwapheni). |
| T2 | Ikhwapha kunye nesifuba esingaphezulu. |
| T4 | Inqanaba leengono. |
| T6 | Inqanaba eliphantsi lethambo eliphakathi lesifuba (sternum). |
| T10 | Inqanaba le-pelvis. |
| T12 | Ngaphezulu nje kwendawo yemiphunga. |
Iidermatomes ezinxulumene neLumbar Nevers (L1-L5)
Ezi mithambo-luvo, ezivela kumqolo ongezantsi, zidibene nezinqe, imilenze, kunye neenyawo.
| Uvalo | Indawo yoLusu eQhagamshelweyo |
|---|---|
| L1 | Indawo yemiqolo kunye nenxalenye ephezulu yethanga. |
| L2 | Ngaphambili kwethanga. |
| L3 | Ithanga elisezantsi nedolo. |
| L4 | Ingaphakathi leqakala kunye neqakala. |
| L5 | Umva wonyawo, umphezulu wonyawo, kunye neenzwane ezininzi, kuquka nobhontsi omkhulu. |
Imiva yeSacral kunye neCoccygeal (S1-S5)
Le mithambo-luvo iqhagamshelwe kwiimpundu, umva wemilenze, kunye nendawo yesini.
| Uvalo | Indawo yoLusu eQhagamshelweyo |
|---|---|
| S1 | Umva wethanga kunye neempundu, umphantsi wonyawo kunye nozwane oluncinci. |
| S2 | Umbindi womqolo wethanga. |
| S3-S5 | Indawo ejikeleze embindini weempundu, i-anus, kunye nezitho zangasese. |
Ziziphi iimeko ezichaphazela iidermatomes?
Uphawu lwe-dermatome lubangelwa yingxaki yomthambo okanye umqolo enxulumene nayo. Zininzi izizathu zokuba iingxaki ezinjalo zinokwenzeka:
- Iingozi: Ukonakala komqolo okanye iingcambu zemithambo-luvo ngenxa yeengozi zeemoto, ukuwa, ukugwazwa, njl.njl.
- Iithumba zomqolo okanye umhlaza: Iithumba ezikhula emgogodleni zinokubangela ukucinezelwa kwemithambo-luvo.
- Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane ezichaphazela umqolo okanye imithambo-luvo zinokubangela ukudumba nokucinezela imithambo-luvo.
- Ukuncipha kokunikezelwa kwegazi (Ischemia): Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa umqolo kunye nemithambo-luvo.
- Iimeko zokuzalwa: Ukukhubazeka komqolo okwenzeka ekuzalweni, njenge-spina bifida.
- I-Herniated Disk: Sonke siyayazi imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'herniated disk'. Kule meko, i-disc ephakathi kwamathambo omqolo iyavuvukala ize icinezele umthambo.
Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka kwingxaki enxulumene nedermatome
Ezi mpawu zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lweSimpawu | Imizekelo |
|---|---|
| Injini | - Ubuthathaka bemisipha okanye ukukhubazeka (Ukukhubazeka) - Ukuxinana kwemisipha okungalawulekiyo - Ukuwohloka kwemisipha |
| Imvakalelo | - Ukuba ndindisholo - Ukuba ndindisholo - Intlungu (ukutshisa, intlungu ehlabayo) |
| Ukuzimela | - Ukubila kakhulu okanye ukungabikho kokubila kwindawo echaphazelekayo - Ubunzima bokulawula umchamo okanye isitulo - Ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo |
Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyaniswe ezi ngxaki?
Emva kokuba ugqirha wakho ephulaphule iimpawu zakho waza wakuxilonga, unokukuthumela kwiimvavanyo ezifana nezi ukuze kuchongwe unobangela ochanekileyo.
- I-CT Scan (i-Computed Tomography): Oku kunokunceda ekuvavanyeni ngcono imeko yamathambo omqolo.
- Iskeni se-MRI (iMagnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kungathatha umfanekiso ocacileyo kungekuphela nje ngamathambo omqolo, kodwa nakwi-spinal cord, imithambo-luvo, kunye nee-cartilage discs.
- Uvavanyo lwe-EMG (i-Electromyogram): Olu vavanyo luvavanya ukusebenza kwemithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha, oko kukuthi, indlela imiqondiso yombane ehamba ngayo. Oku kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imithambo-luvo yonakele na.
Yintoni esifanele siyenze ukuze sikhusele umqolo wethu kunye nemithambo-luvo yethu?
I-dermatome yibali elimalunga nempilo yomqolo wethu. Ke ngoko, ukugcina umqolo uphilile yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
- Sebenzisa amanyathelo okhuseleko: Nxiba ibhanti yesihlalo ngokufanelekileyo xa ukhwela imoto. Nxiba intambo yokhuseleko ukuba usebenza kwindawo ephakamileyo.
- Lumka xa uphakamisa iintsimbi: Xa uphakamisa iintsimbi , goba amadolo akho, ungagobi umqolo wakho . Gcina umqolo wakho uthe nkqo. Kuphephe ukuphakamisa iintsimbi ukuba unengxaki yomqolo.
- Zikhusele ekuweni: Gcina iingcango zingatyibiliki, ingakumbi kwigumbi lokuhlambela nakwizinyuko. Faka ii-handrails ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Gcina amathambo akho omelele: Yitya ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D. Izifo ezinciphisa amathambo ezifana ne -osteoporosis zinokubangela ukuba amathambo omqolo aphuke lula.
- Hlala umile kakuhle: Gcina umqolo wakho uthe nkqo ngelixa uhleli okanye umile. Musa ukuhlala kwindawo efanayo ixesha elide. Sukuma uhambe ubuncinci kanye rhoqo emva kwesiqingatha seyure.
Le ngcamango ye-dermatomes ngumzekelo omhle wendlela imizimba yethu entsonkothileyo neyilwe ngayo ngokumangalisayo. Ukuba uziva ungenazimvakalelo okanye uneentlungu ezinje, musa ukuzityeshela, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha wakho ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-dermatome yindawo yesikhumba elawulwa ngumthambo othile kumqolo wethu.
- Ukuba ndindisholo, iintlungu, okanye ukuphelelwa zimvakalelo kwindawo ethile yomzimba kunokubangelwa yingxaki yomthambo womqolo.
- Le mephu yedermatome ibaluleke kakhulu koogqirha ukuze baxilonge izifo zemithambo-luvo.
- Uninzi lwezi ngxaki zingathintelwa ngokunyamekela impilo yomqolo wakho nokuzikhusela kwiingozi.
- Ukuba unemvakalelo engaqhelekanga engapheliyo (ukuba ndindisholo, iintlungu) naphi na emzimbeni wakho, musa ukuyityeshela kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
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