Ngaba umntwana wakho uneengxaki zokuthetha? Masifunde nge-Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)?

Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci ngamanye amaxesha unengxaki yokufumana amagama nokuthetha? Okanye kubonakala ngathi nezinto ezilula ozithethayo kunzima ukuziqonda? Mhlawumbi unomdla wokuzihlanganisa nabahlobo bakhe nize nidlale. Njengomzali, kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ulusizi kakhulu kwaye uloyiko xa ubona izinto ezinje.

Yintoni le nto kuthiwa yiDevelopmental Language Disorder (DLD)?

Ngamafutshane, i-Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) yingxaki yonxibelelwano echaphazela indlela umntwana afunda, aqonda, kwaye asebenzisa ngayo ulwimi. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, le meko ayibangelwa kukulahlekelwa kukuva komntwana, enye imeko efana ne-autism, okanye ukungakwazi ukuthetha ulwimi. Ibangelwa lutshintsho kwingqondo yomntwana olunxulumene nophuhliso lolwimi .

Cinga ngayo, le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(DLD)` ixhaphake kakhulu. Ukuba kukho abantwana abamalunga nama-28 eklasini, malunga nababini kubo banokuba nale meko. Oko kuthetha ukuba malunga nabantwana abasixhenxe kwabayi-100 bayachaphazeleka. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zoku azisoloko zibonakala, ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "yimeko efihlakeleyo."

Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-``(DLD),'' yinto enokuhlala ubomi bonke. Kodwa ngenkxaso kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo, abantwana banokuphucula izakhono zabo zolwimi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngoko ke akukho nto inokubangela ixhala ngayo.

Ngoko ke zithini iimpawu zale meko ye-DLD?

Abantwana abane-DLD badla ngokufunyaniswa ukuba banayo xa beneminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Le meko ichaphazela ukukwazi ukuqonda nokusebenzisa ulwimi. Iimpawu zingahluka kumntu nomntu, kodwa kukho ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo.

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo kubantwana abancinci:

Jonga ukuba umntwana wakho unayo na enye yezi zinto:

• Ubunzima bokuphendula imibuzo: Xa ubuzwa, "Nyana, kwenzeke ntoni esikolweni?", ngaba ujonga nje ungaphenduli, awukwazi ukuphendula? Okanye uphendula ngegama elinye okanye amagama amabini uze uhambe?
• Ubunzima bokulandela imiyalelo: Xa uxelelwa imiyalelo embalwa elula ilandelelana, efana nokuthi "Faka izihlangu zakho uze nebhegi yakho," ngaba wenza enye kuphela uze ulibale eminye?
• Ubunzima bokuzichaza ngokucacileyo: Ngaba uthetha into afuna ukuyithetha ngendlela edidayo, engakwazi ukufumana amagama afanelekileyo? Usenokuba uzive edanile kakhulu ngeli xesha.
• Ubunzima bokufumana amagama afanelekileyo: Ngaba uyasokola ukukhumbula amagama xa ethetha, njengokuthi "Oko... yiloo nto... leyo..."? Mhlawumbi uvakalelwa kukuba "kusecaleni kolwimi lwakhe kodwa akakhumbuli."
• Ubunzima bokufunda amagama amatsha: Xa ufundiswa igama elitsha, ngaba ukufumanisa kunzima ukulikhumbula nokulisebenzisa?
• Kunzima ukubalisa ibali ngokucacileyo nangokucocekileyo:Khawucinge nje, umntwana waya kubona umngcelele wetempile yelali. Ngaba kunzima ukuxela iziganeko azibone ngokulandelelana, njengokuthi "Kuqale kwahamba iindlovu, kwaza kwafika abadanisi"? Ngaba uyayixuba yonke into uze uyithethe yonke?
• Iingxaki zokunxibelelana noontanga: Ngaba umntwana wakho akafuni ukudlala okanye ukuthetha nabanye abantwana? Ngaba uzama ukuba yedwa?
• Ukungakhululeki kwiimeko zoluntu: Xa usiya endlwini yesalamane okanye kwitheko, ngaba uziva ungathandi okanye uyoyika ukuthetha okanye ukuxubana nabanye abantu?
• Ubunzima bokugxila: Ngaba unengxaki yokuhlala ugxile xa ufundisa okanye uthetha nomntu?

Iimpawu ze-DLD kubantu abadala:

Le meko (DLD) ayichaphazeli abantwana abancinci kuphela, kodwa inokubangela iingxaki nakubantu abadala.

• Ubunzima bokuqonda ulwimi olufuziselayo: Umzekelo, kunokuba nzima ukuqonda izaci kunye nezifaniso, ezifana nokuthi "njengokuqhwatywa ngempama ebusweni."
• Ubunzima bokuqonda into oyifundayo: Xa ufunda incwadi okanye iphephandaba, kunokuba nzima ukuqonda kakuhle into ekuyo.
• Ubunzima bokusebenzisa izivakalisi ezintsonkothileyo: Nokuba uthetha ngezivakalisi ezilula, kunokuba nzima ukwakha izivakalisi ezinde kancinci nezintsonkothileyo.

Kubalulekile: Kuthiwa abantu abane-`(DLD)` banokuba neengxaki eziphindwe kane ngezibalo .

Kutheni le meko ye-DLD isenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Kudla ngokuba nzima ukufumana unobangela ocacileyo nowodwa we-DLD. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela umngcipheko womntwana wokuba nale meko.

• Izinto ezibangela imeko-bume: Le ngozi inokwanda kancinci kubantwana abaswele i -thiamine (i-vitamin B1) , okanye kubantwana abazelwe ngaphambi kwexesha okanye abanobunzima obuphantsi .
• I-genetics: Ukuba ilungu losapho elisondeleyo, njengomama, utata, umntakwenu, okanye utatomkhulu, linale meko, umntwana unokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana i-DLD. Ngamanye amaxesha, le meko inokubangelwa kukuguquka kwe-genetic okungahleliwe.
• Ezinye iimeko zokukhula: Iimeko ezifana ne -`(Dyslexia)` (ubunzima bokufunda) okanye `(Autism Spectrum Disorder)` (i-autism spectrum disorder) zinokuchaphazela indlela umntwana afunda ngayo ulwimi. Xa i-`(DLD)` ikhona nenye imeko, ibizwa ngokuba yi-`` language disorder associated with dyslexia`` okanye `` language disorder associated with autism spectrum disorder``.

Ziziphi ezinye iingxaki ezinokuvela kule meko?

Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-``(DLD)`` ayichaphazeli ulwimi kuphela. Ikwayimeko echaphazela umntwanaIngachaphazela nokufunda, iimvakalelo, kunye nobomi bentlalo. Abantwana abane-DLD banokufumana oku kulandelayo:

• Basenokuphepha iimeko zentlalo kuba beziva bengakhululekanga okanye beneentloni. Khawuthelekelele, xa usiya kwindawo apho izalamane zihlanganisene khona, ume ekoneni kuba ungakwazi ukuthetha.
• Kunokuba nzima ukwenza abahlobo nokugcina ubuhlobo obukhoyo .
• Kunokuba nzima ukugqwesa emsebenzini wesikolo .

Ukongeza, aba bantwana banokuba nezinye iimeko ezifana ne-`(Dyslexia)` (ubunzima bokufunda), `(Dysgraphia)` (ubunzima bokubhala), `(ADHD)` (ukuphazamiseka kokungakhathali), okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuva. Ezi ngxaki zinokuba mandundu ngakumbi.

Ukuba ubona nayiphi na kwezi ngxaki kumntwana wakho, thetha nogqirha wabantwana womntwana wakho ngokukhawuleza. Kungcono ukufumana inkxaso ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa khumbula, akukaze kube kudala ukufumana uncedo.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-DLD?

Ingcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha (SLP) idla ngokuvavanya indlela umntwana aqonda nasebenzisa ngayo ulwimi. Ngexesha lovavanyo, banokwenza izinto ezinje:

• Buza imibuzo malunga nobomi bemihla ngemihla bomntwana. "Nyana, utye ntoni ngesidlo sakusasa?", "Ndixelele ukuba udlale njani izolo."
• Umbono nokuva komntwana kuyajongwa, kuba ukuba kukho ingxaki ngezi zinto, inokuchaphazela nophuhliso lolwimi.
• Kunikwa uvavanyo lolwimi olubhaliweyo okanye oluthethwayo.
• Thetha nabazali, abagcini bomntwana, okanye ootitshala. Fumana ulwazi malunga nendlela umntwana aziphatha ngayo ekhaya nasesikolweni.
• Jonga indlela umntwana aziphatha ngayo kwiimeko zoluntu. Jonga indlela anxibelelana ngayo nabanye.

Ngoko ke uyiphatha njani i-DLD?

Abantwana abane-DLD badla ngokusebenza nengcali ye-speech and language therapist (SLP). Unyango luxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zomntwana. Nangona kunjalo, olu nyango lunokunceda umntwana ukuba enze izinto ezifana nezi:

• Yakha izakhono zentlalo: Ikunceda ukuba uthethe, udlale, kwaye uqhagamshelane nabanye.
• Ukuqonda ulwimi ngcono: Kukunceda uqonde oko kuthethwayo, imiyalelo, kunye namabali.
• Phucula ukufunda, ukuthetha, nokubhala.
• Lungisa iingcinga zakho kunye nezimvo zakho: Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe into ethile, kuyanceda ukuyihlela engqondweni yakho.
• Landela imiyalelo ngokulula ngakumbi.

Abantwana abaninzi abane-DLD nabo bayafaneleka ukufumana inkxaso esikolweni. Ingcali yezentetho nolwimi (SLP) inokunceda usapho lwakho lufikelele kwiinkonzo ezifana nezi:

• Isicwangciso seMfundo soMntu ngamnye (i-IEP): Isicwangciso esikhethekileyo esenzelwe iimfuno zemfundo zomntwana.
• Unyango lwesikolo: Izinto ezifana nonyango lokuthetha, unyango lomzimba, unyango lomsebenzi, okanye unyango lokuziphatha.
• Inkxaso yomntu ngamnye evela kumncedisi womntu.

Ndingamsa nini umntwana wam kugqirha/kwingcali yezonyango?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokuba ne-DLD, cela ugqirha wakho ukuba akuthumelele kwingcali ye-speech and language therapist (SLP). Ukungenelela kwangoko yeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Ingcali ye-speech and language therapist inokuchaza amanyathelo ophuhliso kwaye yenze isicwangciso sonyango esilungiselelwe iimfuno zomntwana wakho.

Liza kuba njani ikamva kubantu abanale meko?

I-DLD yimeko enokubangela imingeni ebomini bonke. Kodwa ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, abantwana banokwakha izakhono zonxibelelwano eziqinileyo. Okukhona beqala unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kungcono. Kodwa ukufumana uncedo nangayiphi na iminyaka kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu. Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-DLD inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezingaphezulu ngomsebenzi wesikolo, ubudlelwane, kunye nokuphila kakuhle ngokweemvakalelo.

Ingxaki yoPhuhliso loLwimi (i-DLD) inokuba ngumceli mngeni kungekuphela nje kubantwana, kodwa nakwiintsapho zabo. Ukuqonda ukuba yintoni i-DLD, indlela eyichaphazela ngayo ukufunda nokunxibelelana, kunye neendlela zonyango ezikhoyo kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu.

Ayilulo lonke uhambo lomntwana one-DLD olufanayo. Ngenkxaso efanelekileyo evela ekhaya, esikolweni, nakwiingcali, abantwana abane-DLD banokuphucula izakhono zabo zonxibelelwano baze bakhe ukuzithemba.

Okukhona usazi ngakumbi ngale nto, kokukhona uya kulungela ngakumbi ukuxhasa umntwana wakho okanye umntu omthandayo. Qhubeka ubuza imibuzo, qhubeka ufunda, kwaye ungathandabuzi ukubona ugqirha ukuba uneengxaki.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo esifanele sizithathele ekhaya kweli bali?

Kulungile, ngoko ke ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyiqonda ngcono into ebesithetha ngayo (Developmental Language Disorder - DLD). Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-DLD yimeko echaphazela ubuchule bomntwana bokuthetha, ukuqonda nokusebenzisa ulwimi . Ayisiyongxaki yokuva, kwaye ayisiyo nobuvila bomntwana.
• Iimpawu zoku zingahluka. Isenokuba yiyo nantoni na ukususela ekuphenduleni imibuzo ukuya ekungafunini ukuchitha ixesha nabahlobo. Lumka nomntwana wakho.
• Kusenokungabikho sizathu sithile se-DLD, kodwa izinto zemfuza kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo zinokudlala indima.
• Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kwangoko kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoncedo lwengcali yentetho kunye nolwimi (SLP), kunokwenziwa inkqubela enkulu.
• Nangona oku kungumngeni wobomi bonke, ngenkxaso nonyango olufanelekileyo, abantwana banokuphila ubomi obuphumelelayo. Bancede baphuhlise izakhono zabo.
• Awuwedwa. Oogqirha, iingcali zonyango, ootitshala kunye namalungu osapho bonke bakulungele ukukunceda wena nomntwana wakho.

Okokugqibela, ukuba unamathandabuzo nokuba mancinci kangakanani malunga nophuhliso lolwimi lomntwana wakho, musa ukuwatyeshela. Funa ingcebiso yobungcali. Wonke umntwana uxabisekile, kwaye kufuneka simncede afikelele kwisakhono sakhe esipheleleyo.

Ingxaki yoPhuhliso loLwimi, i-DLD, ingxaki yolwimi, intetho yabantwana, unyango lokuthetha, uphuhliso lolwimi, iingxaki zonxibelelwano