Eyona ngxaki iyingozi kwisifo seswekile! Masiqaphele i-DKA (i-Diabetic Ketoacidosis)

Ngaba unesifo seswekile? Okanye ilungu losapho okanye umhlobo wakho unesifo seswekile? Ngoko ke ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka wazi ngento esithetha ngayo namhlanje. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis). Le yimeko engxamisekileyo eyingozi kakhulu, esongela ubomi enokwenzeka ngenxa yesifo seswekile. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ukuba sinolwazi olufanelekileyo malunga noku, sinokuzikhusela kwaye sithathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukuba kwenzeka ngequbuliso.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-DKA?

Cinga ngeeseli ezisemzimbeni wethu njengezindlu ezincinci. Ezi zindlu zifuna amandla ukuze zisebenze. Loo mandla avela kwiglucose, okanye iswekile, evela ekutyeni esikutyayo. Kodwa ukuze le swekile ingene ezindlwini ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli, ifuna isitshixo sokuvula ucango. Eso sitshixo yi-hormone insulin .

Ngoku, okwenzekayo emzimbeni womntu onesifo seswekile kukuba akukho nto yaneleyo yesi sihluthulelo sibizwa ngokuba yi-insulin. Kwenzeka ntoni ke ngoko? Iswekile ayinakungena kwiiseli kwaye izaliswe ligazi. Kodwa iiseli azinawo amandla, "ziyalamba".

Xa oku kusenzeka, imizimba yethu icinga ukuba silambile ngokwenene ngaphandle kokutya. Ngoko ke umzimba uqala ukufuna amandla ngenye indlela. Oko kukuthi, ngokutshisa amafutha agcinwe emzimbeni ukuze kuveliswe amandla. Xa amafutha etshiswa ngale ndlela, ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba zii-ketones iveliswa njengemveliso engasemva.

Ukuba nee-ketones ezimbalwa egazini akuyongxaki. Kodwa xa amafutha etshiswa rhoqo ngaphandle kwe-insulin, ezi ketones ziqokelelana egazini ngokugqithisileyo. Ezi ketones luhlobo lwe-asidi. Ngoko ke xa zisanda egazini, igazi lethu liba ne-asidi ngakumbi kancinci. Kufana nokongeza iviniga kwiglasi yamanzi. Loo acidosis yegazi kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okuhambisana nayo yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis).

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yi-DKA?

Nangona i-DKA inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na isifo seswekile, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.

• Abantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1: Aba bantu banamathuba amaninzi okuba ne-DKA kuba imizimba yabo sele iyekile ngokupheleleyo ukuvelisa i-insulin.
• Kwabo bangaziyo ukuba banesifo seswekile: Okumangalisayo kukuba, abanye abantu bafumanisa ukuba banesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 emva kokuba befumene i-DKA baze bangeniswe esibhedlele. Oku kubalelwa phakathi kwama-20% nama-40% ezigulane ze-DKA.
• Kubantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini:Nangona ingaqhelekanga kangako, abanye abantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini banokuba ne-DKA, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezifana nosulelo oluqatha.

Zithini iimpawu zale meko iyingozi? Siyibona njani?

I-DKA ayiphuhli ngequbuliso. Ingaqala ngeempawu ezingephi ize ibe nzima kakhulu kwiiyure ezingama-24. Ukuba uyahlanza, eli xesha lisenokuba lifutshane nangakumbi. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ezi mpawu.

Ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zinzima, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Okanye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngokukhawuleza.

Kutheni le meko ye-DKA isenzeka? Zithini izizathu eziphambili?

Eyona nto ibangela i-DKA kukungafumani i-insulin eyaneleyo emzimbeni. Ezi zinto zinokubangela oku:

• Ukungafakwa inaliti ye-insulin: Ukuba umntu osebenzisa i-insulin yesifo seswekile akafakwanga inaliti enye okanye ezimbini, i-DKA inokwenzeka.
• Iingxaki zepompo ye-insulin: Ukuba umntu usebenzisa ipompo, umzimba usenokungafumani i-insulin ngenxa yezizathu ezinje ngetyhubhu evalekileyo okanye uqhagamshelo olukhululekileyo emzimbeni.
• Ukusebenzisa i-insulin ephelelwe lixesha okanye eyonakeleyo: I-insulin liyeza elingamelaniyo nobushushu okanye ingqele egqithisileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ayifakwanga efrijini okanye iphelelwe lixesha, ingaphelelwa ngamandla.
• Izifo kunye nosulelo: Nasiphi na isifo, esifana nomkhuhlane, i-pneumonia, usulelo lwe-urinary tract (UTIs), sisizathu esiphambili se-DKA. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa sigula, umzimba wethu uba noxinzelelo kwaye uvelise iihomoni ezisebenza ngokuchasene ne-insulin. Emva koko sidinga i-insulin engaphezulu kunesiqhelo.
• Ezinye izizathu: Ukwenzakala kakhulu emzimbeni, ukwenzakala, utyando, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, ukukhulelwa, ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo, kunye namayeza athile nako kwandisa umngcipheko we-DKA.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i-DKA ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza?

Le yeyona nxalenye iyingozi kakhulu ekufuneka siyiqaphele sonke. I-DKA ingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu kakhulu ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo.

• Amanqanaba e-potassium aphantsi kakhulu egazini.
• Ukudumba kobuchopho.
• Ukuzalisa imiphunga ngamanzi.
• Ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac.
• Ukonakala kwezintso nakwezinye izitho zomzimba.
• I-Coma.
• Ekugqibeleni, nokufa kunokwenzeka.

Iphathwa njani?

Unyango lwe-DKA kufuneka lwenziwe esibhedlele rhoqo. Ukuba uneempawu ze-DKA, yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.

Unyango olunikwa esibhedlele

1. Ulwelo lwe-IV: Inyathelo lokuqala kukunika i-saline. Oku kunceda ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukukhupha iswekile kunye nee-ketones egazini, kunye nokucoca umzimba.

2. I-Insulin: I-Insulin inikwa ngemithambo yegazi. Oku kulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini kwaye kubangela ukuba umzimba uqalise ukusebenzisa iswekile ukuze ufumane amandla kwakhona. Oku kukwayekisa ukwenziwa kwee-ketones.

3. Ukubonelela ngee-Electrolytes: I-DKA ibangela ukuba umzimba ulahlekelwe ziiminerali ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-potassium. Ezi zifakwa ngemithambo yegazi ukuze umzimba ulungelelane.

Unyango lwasekhaya (kuphela ngokwengcebiso kagqirha)

Ukuba i-DKA ifunyenwe kwangethuba, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lwasekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufanele kwenziwe kuphela phantsi kweliso likagqirha wakho.

• Ukujonga amanqanaba eswekile egazini rhoqo (mhlawumbi kanye ngeyure).
• Ukujonga amanqanaba ee-ketone.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi kunye neziselo ezingenaswekile ukuze uthintele ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukuphepha ukuzilolonga.

Yintoni esinokuyenza ukuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwe-DKA?

I-DKA yimeko esinokuyithintela rhoqo. Ezi zinto zinokunceda.

• Jonga amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho rhoqo: Jonga iswekile yakho egazini izihlandlo ezininzi ngemini, ingakumbi ngaphambi nasemva kokutya, nangaphambi kokuba ulale. Ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho aphezulu, thatha inyathelo ngoko nangoko.
• Sela i-insulin yakho kunye namayeza ngexesha: Ungaze ulibale idosi ye-insulin oyinikwe ngugqirha wakho.
• Jonga ii-ketones: Ukuba inqanaba leswekile yakho egazini lihlala liphezulu kune-250 mg/dL, okanye ukuba unesifo esifana nomkhuhlane okanye ukuhlanza, jonga umchamo wakho okanye igazi lakho ukuze ubone ii-ketones.
• Yenza "isicwangciso sosuku lokugula": Thetha nogqirha wakho kwaye wenze isicwangciso kwangaphambili malunga nendlela yokulungisa umthamo wakho we-insulin kunye nendlela yokutya ukuba unesifo somkhuhlane okanye uhlanza.
• Lumka: Okukhona usazi ngakumbi nge-DKA, kokukhona amathuba akho okusinda kuyo aphezulu. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba akunike ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga noku.

Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba silumke kangakanani na, i-DKA inokwenzeka ngezizathu ezingaphaya kwamandla ethu. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, musa ukuziva kakubi ngayo kwaye ucinge ukuba yimpazamo yakho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona iimpawu kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza.