Ngaba ungumntu obukela iidrama zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye neemuvi kwiTV? Ngoko mhlawumbi uqhelene kakhulu namagama anjengelithi 'uvavanyo lweDNA lwenziwe' kunye nelithi 'umdlalo weDNA'. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye i-DNA Fingerprinting? Ngaba yinto esetyenziselwa ukubamba abaphuli-mthetho kuphela? Hayi, bubuchwepheshe obumangalisayo obubaluleke kakhulu kwizinto ezininzi. Makhe sithethe ngayo namhlanje.
Yintoni le 'mephu yemfuza' engaphakathi emizimbeni yethu?
Ngamafutshane, i-DNA Fingerprinting luvavanyo lweekhemikhali olutyhila ukwakheka kwemfuza yomntu okanye nayiphi na into ephilayo. Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka siqale sazi ukuba yintoni i-DNA.
Igama elithi DNA lifutshane nelithi deoxyribonucleic acid . Lifumaneka kuyo yonke iseli emzimbeni wakho. Cinga ngalo njengesicwangciso sobomi bakho bonke.
Olu luhlu lwe-DNA lwenziwe ziintlobo ezine zeekhemikhali ezidityanisiweyo. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba 'ziziseko'. Ezi zidibana ngababini ukuze zenze 'izibini ezisisiseko'. Kukho malunga neebhiliyoni ezi-3 zezi zibini kwi-DNA yakho! Indlela ezi zibini ezidityaniswe ngayo ixelela iiseli zakho indlela yokwenza iikopi zomnye nomnye.
Lonke olu seti lweekhemikhali yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-'genome.' Le yindawo yakho yokugcina ulwazi olupheleleyo ngemfuza.
Into emangalisayo kukuba i-genome yalo naliphi na umntu emhlabeni ifana nge-99.9%. Kodwa loo mahluko mncinci we-0.1% yiyo eyahlula wena ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo kum, nam kuye nabani na. Inkangeleko yethu, indlela esiziphatha ngayo, indlela esicinga ngayo, ukuthambekela kwethu kwizifo ezithile, zonke ezi zinto zichaphazeleka yile mahluko mncinci. Itekhnoloji ye-DNA Fingerprinting isebenzisa iikhemikhali ukwahlula imicu ye-DNA kunye nokukhupha ezo ziqwenga ze-0.1% ezikhethekileyo kuwe. Sibona loo mphumo njengephethini yemigca. Singathelekisa loo phethini nomnye umzekelo.
Isetyenziselwa ntoni i-DNA Fingerprinting?
Ukususela oko yasungulwa ngo-1984, le teknoloji isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimicimbi yamatyala nezomthetho. Ikwabaluleke kakhulu kwezonyango. Makhe sijonge iingenelo zayo eziphambili.
| Indawo yokusetyenziswa | Imizekelo kunye neenkcazo |
|---|---|
| Kwimiba yezomthetho kunye nophando lolwaphulo-mthetho | |
| Ukuchonga izigebengu | I-DNA ingathathwa kwisampulu yeenwele, igazi, okanye amathe efunyenwe kwindawo yolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye ifaniswe ne-DNA yomrhanelwa. Ingasetyenziselwa ukukhulula umntu ekubeni netyala. |
| Ukuqinisekiswa kobudlelwane bosapho | Oku kusetyenziswa kwizinto ezinje ngokuqinisekisa abazali bomntwana (uvavanyo lukayise) nokufumana abantakwabo abalahlekileyo. |
| Ukuchongwa kwezidumbu | Oku kusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ubunyani bezidumbu ebezifile ixesha elide, njengalezo zibulewe kwingozi okanye kwintlekele yendalo, kwaye ezitshatyalaliswe ngendlela engenakuqondwa. |
| Iingenelo zonyango | |
| Ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba | Xa umntu efuna ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba, njengentso okanye isibindi, uvavanyo lwe-DNA lusetyenziswa ukubona ukuba izicubu zomnikeli kunye nezamkeli ziyahambelana na. |
| Ukuchongwa kwezifo ezizuzwe njengelifa | Oku kunceda ekuchongeni iimeko ezithile zofuzo kwangaphambili nokufumanisa ukuba umntu unesifo esithile okanye akunjalo. |
| Ukufumana unyango lwezifo | Le teknoloji ibaluleke kakhulu kubaphandi ukuba bachonge utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olubangela ezi zifo zizuzwe njengelifa baze baphuhlise unyango olufanelekileyo kunye namayeza azo. |
Lwenziwa njani olu vavanyo?
Ukubhala iminwe ye-DNA akuyonto inzima okanye ayibuhlungu njengoko unokucinga. Kubandakanya ukuthatha isampuli yeeseli emzimbeni wakho. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthatha le sampuli.
- Khuhla iiseli ngaphakathi esidleleni nge-cotton swab.
- Ukusuka kulusu lwakho.
- Ukusuka kwingcambu yesiqu seenwele.
- Ukusuka kumathe, ukubila, okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba.
Kodwa indlela elula nesetyenziswa kakhulu kukuthatha isampuli yegazi.
Kwenzeka ntoni kwilebhu?
Emva kokuba isampuli ithatyathwe kuwe, ithunyelwa kwilebhu. Nantsi into eyenzekayo:
1. Ukwahlulwa kwe-DNA: Okokuqala, iikhemikhali zongezwa ukuze kwahlulwe i-DNA kwiiseli ezikwisampulu yakho kuphela. Emva koko, i-DNA iyanyibilika emanzini.
2. Ukusika i-DNA ibe ziingceba: Okulandelayo, enye inkqubo yekhemikhali iyasika ezi ntambo zinde ze-DNA zibe ziingceba ezincinci ezineepateni eziphindaphindayo ezibalulekileyo kuthi.
3. Ukukopa iziqwenga: Inyathelo elilandelayo kukwenza izigidi zeekopi zezi ziqwenga ze-DNA zincinci, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuzivavanya.
4. Ukudlula kwijeli: Ngoku ezi ziqwenga zeDNA zixutywa nejeli kwaye kudluliswa umsinga wombane kuyo. Emva koko iziqwenga zeDNA zahlulwe zibe nkulu nezincinci ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bazo.
5. Ipateni iyavela: Okokugqibela, xa kongezwa idayi ekhethekileyo koku, xa ijongwa phantsi kokukhanya kwe-UV okanye nge-laser, kuvela ipateni enemigca, njengebhakhowudi kwiimveliso evenkileni enkulu .
6. Uthelekiso: Le pateni efana nebhakhowudi yiminwe yakho ye-DNA. Ungathelekisa oku nepatheni ethathwe kwenye isampuli uze ubone ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ziyahambelana okanye azifani.
Le teknoloji ibe sisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu esichaphazela iinkalo ezininzi zobomi bethu namhlanje.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-DNA Fingerprinting luvavanyo oluchanekileyo kakhulu oluchonga ipateni yemfuza eyahlukileyo kumntu ngamnye.
- Oku kubalulekile kwiinjongo zomthetho ezifana nophando lolwaphulo-mthetho, ukusekwa kobudlelwane, kunye nokuchonga imibutho engaziwayo.
- Kwizonyango, obu buchwephesha busetyenziswa ekufumaneni abantu abafanelekileyo bokufakelwa amalungu omzimba, ukuxilonga izifo ezizuzwe njengelifa, kunye nokufumana unyango lwazo.
- Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zifana 'nebhakhowudi yemfuza' eyahlukileyo kumntu ngamnye.
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iingxaki zempilo malunga noku, soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze akunike icebiso.
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