Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ulwazi luhamba njani na ebuchotsheni bethu? Kufana neqela lezithunywa ezincinci ezisebenzisanayo ukwenza umsebenzi omangalisayo. Ezi zithunywa sizibiza ngokuba zii-neurotransmitters. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yeemeko ezithile zonyango, olu tshintsho lwemiyalezo lunokuba ludideke kancinci. Kulapho amayeza athile eza kusinceda khona. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngolunye uhlobo lwamayeza, olubizwa ngokuba zii-dopamine antagonists.
Ngamafutshane, ziintoni ezi zichasi ze-dopamine?
Ukuze siqonde oku, kufuneka siqale sazi ukuba yintoni i-dopamine. I-Dopamine yi-neurotransmitter ebaluleke kakhulu engqondweni yethu. Inceda ukulawula izinto ezininzi, kuquka iingcinga zethu, iimvakalelo zethu kunye neentshukumo zethu.
Khawuthelekelele nje ukuba iiseli zethu zengqondo 'zinee-locks' ezincinci. Sizibiza ngokuba 'zii-receptors'. I-messenger dopamine ifana 'nesitshixo'. Xa esi sitshixo singena kuloo lock (receptor), loo seli 'iyasebenza', oko kuthetha ukuba iqala ukwenza umsebenzi wayo.
Kulungile, yintoni ke eyenziwa sisiyobisi esibizwa ngokuba yi-'dopamine antagonist'? Esi siyobisi sifana 'nesitshixo sobuxoki' onokusifaka kuloo sitshixo, kodwa awukwazi ukusivula. Oko kukuthi, esi siyobisi singena kwisitshixo `(receptor)` ekufuneka simiswe yi-dopamine, size siyivale.
Ukubeka izinto ngokulula, khawucinge ngesitulo epatini esinekhadi elibhalwe 'Igciniwe' kuso. Akukho mntu uhleli apho, kodwa awunakuhlala apho, akunjalo? Yile ndlela eli yeza elisebenza ngayo. Ligcina i-dopamine receptor ingasebenzi, lithintela i-dopamine yokwenyani ukuba ingangeni kwaye iyisebenze.
Ngenxa yokuba ilawula ukusebenza kweeseli ezithile zobuchopho ngale ndlela, eli yeza liluncedo kakhulu ekulawuleni ezinye izifo zengqondo kunye nezinye iimpawu.
Zeziphi iimeko ezisetyenziswa leli yeza?
Amayeza achasene ne-dopamine anokwahlulwa abe ngamacandelo amabini aphambili, kodwa kukho iimeko apho amanye amayeza asebenza kuzo zombini iindidi.
1. Amayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo: Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo sengqondo kunye neemeko ezinxulumene noko.
2. Amayeza okulwa nokugabha: Amayeza anikwa ukuthintela isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
Makhe sijonge iimeko eziphambili ezinyangwa ngala mayeza.
| Udidi lweziyobisi | Iimeko ezinyangwayo |
|---|---|
| Ii-antipsychotics |
|
| Iziyobisi ze-antiemetic |
|
Zeziphi iintlobo zamayeza ezikwezi ndidi?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zamayeza awela kwezi ndidi. Amayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo ahlulwe ngokubanzi abe "zizizukulwana" ezibini. Oko kukuthi, amayeza amadala afunyenwe kuqala (isizukulwana sokuqala) kunye namayeza amatsha afunyenwe kamva, aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa (isizukulwana sesibini).
Amayeza esizukulwana sokuqala (aqhelekileyo)
La ngamanye amayeza amadala. Amanye awo ngala:
- `I-Chlorpromazine`
- `Haloperidol (Haldol®)`
- `I-Fluphenazine`
- `I-Perphenazine`
- `I-Prochlorperazine`
Amayeza esizukulwana sesibini (angaqhelekanga)
La ngamayeza amatsha kakhulu.
- `I-Olanzapine (iZyprexa®)`
- `I-Risperidone (iRisperdal®)`
- `I-Quetiapine (Seroquel®)`
- `I-Aripiprazole (Abilify®)`
- `I-Clozapine (iClozaril®)`
Amayeza okulwa nokugabha
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhe wazibona ezinye zezi ziyobisi zidweliswe apha ngasentla kuluhlu lwezifo zengqondo. Isizathu kukuba zinokwenza zombini ezi zinto.
- `I-Metoclopramide (Reglan®)`
- `I-Prochlorperazine`
- `I-Olanzapine`
- `Haloperidol`
- `I-Domperidone` (Eli yeza alifumaneki kakhulu eSri Lanka, kwaye linokufumaneka kuphela ngemvume ekhethekileyo)
Kubalulekile: Le yimizekelo embalwa nje. Ugqirha wakho kusenokwenzeka ukuba akakakuniki amayeza kolu luhlu. Ungaze usebenzise amayeza omnye umntu, uyeke ukuwasebenzisa, okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
Zithini iingenelo zala mayeza?
Ii-dopamine antagonists ziluhlobo oluluncedo kakhulu lwamayeza.
Kwisifo sengqondo:
Kumntu onesifo sengqondo esifana ne-psychosis, eli yeza linokusindisa ubomi . Linokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba abantu abanezi meko bazilimaze okanye baxhatshazwe ngabanye. Linokubanika ithuba elikhulu lokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo, ukusebenza, nokonwaba neentsapho zabo.
Xa unecaphucaphu nokuhlanza:
Kuthi, ukuhlanza kusenokuba yingxaki nje ephela emva kwexesha elithile. Kodwa cinga ngesigulana esinomhlaza. Isicaphucaphu kunye nokuhlanza abakufumanayo ngexesha le-chemotherapy kukhulu kangangokuba kunokuba yingozi ebomini. Ngamaxesha anje, xa amanye amayeza engasebenzi, la mayeza achasene ne-dopamine angabanceda kakhulu.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye iingozi?
Ewe, njengayo nayiphi na eminye imithi, la mayeza anokuba nemiphumo emibi. Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana yonke le miphumo emibi. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana namayeza owaselayo, idosi, kunye nemeko yomzimba wakho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ungoyiki oku kwaye uthethe ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho.
| Isiphumo esingalindelekanga esinokwenzeka | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuthomalalisa | Oku kuqhelekile xa uqala ukusebenzisa amayeza. Oku kuya kuncipha njengoko umzimba uqhelana namayeza. |
| Iingxaki zokunyakaza | - Akathisia:Ukungazoli kokungakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye, ukuziva unyanzelekile ukuba uqhubeke uzulazula. - I-Dystonia: ukuqina kwemisipha ngequbuliso, ukuxhuzula (umz., intamo ishukuma iye kwelinye icala). - I-Tardive Dyskinesia: Iintshukumo ezingalawulekiyo zobuso, zomlomo, okanye zolwimi ezinokwenzeka ngokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza. |
| Uxinzelelo lwe-Orthostatic Hypotension | Ukuziva unesizungu okanye unesizungu xa uphakama ngequbuliso uhleli okanye ulele. Oku kubangelwa kukwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi. |
| Utshintsho kwiHormonal | Ukwanda kwehomoni i-prolactin kunokubangela ukuba abasetyhini bayeke ukuya exesheni kwaye kubekho ukuvuza kolwelo olufana nobisi emabeleni abo xa bengancancisi. |
| Isifo se-Neuroleptic Malignant | Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu kodwa enokuba yingozi ebomini. Ukuba kuvela iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane ophezulu, ukuqina kwemisipha, kunye nokulahlekelwa yingqondo ngequbuliso, kufuneka uye kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko. |
Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela okungakumbi ngezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga aze akucebise ngento onokuyenza ukuze uzinciphise.
Eminye imibuzo onokuba nayo
Kufuneka ndithathe eli yeza ixesha elingakanani?
Kuxhomekeke kwimeko onyangwa kuyo. Amanye amayeza, afana namayeza okulwa nesicaphucaphu, asetyenziswa kuphela xa kufuneka. Kodwa amayeza okugula ngengqondo anokufuneka asetyenziswe iminyaka, okanye ubomi bakho bonke. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba uza kuwasebenzisa ixesha elingakanani.
Ndingasebenza okanye ndiqhube ngelixa ndisela eli yeza?
Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Amanye ala mayeza anokubangela ukozela okanye ukudinwa okukhulu . Ngoko ke, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubuze ugqirha wakho ukuba kukhuselekile na ukuqhuba okanye ukusebenzisa oomatshini ngelixa usebenzisa la mayeza. Uza kukunika icebiso elihle.
Ii-dopamine antagonists ziluhlobo olubalulekileyo lwamayeza oluye lwanceda ukuphucula ubomi bezigidi zabantu. Nangona zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ukuba ziphathwa ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kwesikhokelo sikagqirha, iingenelo zazo zingaphezulu kakhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Amayeza abizwa ngokuba zii-dopamine antagonists avimba ii-receptors ezikwingqondo ezifumana imiyalezo ye-dopamine.
- Ezi zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyangeni izifo zengqondo ezifana ne-psychosis kunye nesicaphucaphu/ukuhlanza okukhulu.
- Nangona la mayeza esebenza kakhulu, anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokulala kunye neengxaki zokuhamba.
- Ungaze uqale, uyeke, okanye utshintshe umthamo wale mayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
- Ukuba ufumana naluphi na uhlobo lokungakhululeki okungaqhelekanga ngelixa usebenzisa iyeza, ungoyiki ukuxelela ugqirha wakho.
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