Ngaba wakha waziva ngolu hlobo? Unembono ecacileyo ngento ofuna ukuyithetha entlokweni yakho, kodwa xa uzama ukuyithetha, iphuma ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, engathintithayo, okanye enzima ukuba abanye bayiqonde. Kunokuba yinto engathandekiyo ngamaxesha anje, akunjalo? Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba oku kuqhelekile. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yimeko enzulu, enxulumene nezonyango. Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-dysarthria?
I-Dysarthria yimeko apho singakwazi ukulawula izihlunu ezisinceda sithethe ngenxa yomonakalo kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Cinga ngale ndlela: umlomo wethu, ulwimi, imilebe, umhlathi, kunye nebhokisi yelizwi zonke zizitho ezisebenzisanayo ukuvelisa amagama. Ezi zifana ne-orchestra. Njengokuba nje isixhobo esinye singasebenzi kakuhle, umculo wonke uya kuphazamiseka, ukuba nayiphi na kwezi zihlunu iba buthathaka, intetho yethu ayizukuphuma ngokucacileyo.
Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqonde apha kukuba umntu one-dysarthria uyaluqonda ulwimi. Uyayazi nento ethethwayo. Ingxaki ayikho engqondweni, kodwa kubuthathaka bemisipha ekufanele ukuba yamkele kwaye icubungule umyalezo ovela engqondweni.
Le meko inokwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:
1. I-Developmental Dysarthria: Oku kubangelwa kukonakala kwengqondo, nokuba kusesibelekweni okanye ekuzalweni. Umzekelo, le meko inokubonwa kubantwana abane-Cerebral Palsy.
2. I-Acquired Dysarthria: Oku kubangelwa kukonakala kwengqondo kamva ebomini. Umzekelo, inokwenzeka kwiimeko ezifana nestroke, i-brain tumor, okanye isifo sikaParkinson. Olu hlobo luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-dysarthria?
I-Dysarthria inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezintandathu ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umonakalo wenzeka phi kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Oku kuxhomekeke kancinci kwezonyango, kodwa ukuba uyiqonda ngokulula, ungayiqonda kakuhle le nto.
| Uhlobo lwe-dysarthria | Ingcaciso elula kunye nohlobo lwebali |
|---|---|
| I-Flaccid Dysarthria | Kwimeko enjalo, izihlunu zibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye zikhululekile, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba intetho ivakale ingacacanga okanye ivakala ngathi yimpumlo. |
| I-Spastic Dysarthria | Apha, izihlunu ziyaqina kwaye ziqine, nto leyo eyenza kubonakale ngathi amagama aphuma nzima, exinezelekile, kwaye erhabaxa xa ethetha. |
| I-Ataxic Dysarthria | Ibangelwa kukonakala kwe-cerebellum, inxalenye yengqondo elawula iintshukumo zethu. Inokubangela intetho engavakaliyo kunye nobunzima bokwenza izikhamiso, ngokungathi umntu unxilile. |
| Uhlobo olucothayo (iHypokinetic Dysarthria) | Ibangelwa kukonakala kwe-basal ganglia, inxalenye yengqondo. Intetho isenokuba icotha kakhulu, ibe nethoni enye, ibe yirobhothi, kwaye ingabi namvakalelo. Ixhaphakile phakathi kwabaguli abaneParkinson. |
| I-Hyperkinetic Dysarthria | Oku kukwabangelwa kukonakala kwe-basal ganglia. Kwimeko enjalo, intetho inokuba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ibe phezulu ngequbuliso, kwaye amazwi anokuphuma ngokungalawulekiyo. |
| I-Dysarthria exutyiweyo | Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Lungaba yindibaniselwano yezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ntlobo zingasentla. |
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili?
Uphawu oluphambili lwe-dysarthria kukungakwazi ukuthetha ngokucacileyo ukuze abanye baqonde. Oku kwenzeka kuba awukwazi ukuhambisa imilebe yakho, ulwimi, kunye nomhlathi wakho ngokufanelekileyo.
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo | |
|---|---|
| Ukudityaniswa kwamagama | Xa ethetha, amagama ayaxanana aze avakale ngathi ayathetha. |
| Isantya sebali | Ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza okungakholelekiyo okanye kancinci kakhulu. |
| Isandi selizwi | Ukuthetha kancinci kakhulu (njengokungathi uyahleba) okanye ngokuvakalayo ngokungeyomfuneko. |
| Uhlobo lwelizwi | Ilizwi liyarhawuzelela, lirhabaxa, livakala ngathi lithetha ngempumlo, okanye lithetha ngethoni enye, njengerobhothi. |
| Indlela yokuthetha | Ukuthetha ngezivakalisi eziphukileyo nezinqamkileyo endaweni yezivakalisi ezipheleleyo. |
Olu buthathaka ekulawuleni izihlunu ngamanye amaxesha lunokwenza kube nzima ukuginya ukutya. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-dysphagia.
Zithini izizathu ze-dysarthria?
Ingabangelwa yiyo nantoni na eyonakalisa iindawo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ezilawula izihlunu ezikuncedayo ukuthetha. Oku kuquka iingozi, izifo, kunye neemeko zemithambo-luvo.
Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziphambili:
- I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- Iithumba zobuchopho
- Umvakalelo yokitazo
- Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
- Isifo sikaHuntington
- Isifo seLyme
- I-Multiple sclerosis (MS)
- Ukungakwazi kwemisipha
- I-Myasthenia gravis
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- Istroke
- Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu
- Ukwenzakala ebusweni, emlonyeni, entloko, okanye entanyeni
Ukongeza, amanye amayeza aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.Iimpawu ezifana ne-dysarthria nazo zinokubangelwa okwethutyana ngamayeza, ingakumbi amayeza okuthomalalisa kunye namanye amayeza okulwa nesifo sokuwa.
Yenziwa njani le nto yokuxilonga?
Ukuba unengxaki yokuthetha, kufuneka uqale ubonane nogqirha wakho. Uza kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango aze akuhlole ngokwasemzimbeni.
Emva koko, mhlawumbi uza kuthunyelwa kwi- Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) . Uza kwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuvavanya ubukhali bemeko yakho.
Uvavanyo olulula olunokwenziwa yingcali yezonyango
- Undixelela ukuba ndihleke.
- Undixelela ukuba ndikhuphe ulwimi lwam.
- Bakucela ukuba ubale ngokuvakalayo ukusuka kwisinye ukuya kwishumi okanye ubize oonobumba.
- Ithi makufundwa isiqendu.
- Uxelela ukuphinda izandi ezahlukeneyo, amagama, kunye nezivakalisi.
Uvavanyo lwezonyango olunokufuneka
Ugqirha wakho angacebisa ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela wale meko.
- I-MRI okanye i-CT scan: Jonga naziphi na iingxaki engqondweni, entloko, okanye entanyeni.
- Uvavanyo lwe-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram): Lujonga naluphi na utshintsho kumsebenzi wombane wengqondo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-EMG (i-Electromyography): Lulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wezihlunu kunye nemithambo-luvo.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi okanye lomchamo: Fumanisa ukuba ingaba kukho usulelo okanye imeko yokudumba ebangelwa yiyo na.
Iindlela zonyango kunye nolawulo
Unyango lokuthetha lunyango olubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abane-dysarthria. Lunokunceda ukuphucula izakhono zonxibelelwano. Ingcali yokunyanga iza kukufundisa wena nosapho lwakho indlela yokunxibelelana ngcono nawe.
Kwi-speech therapy, uza kufunda izinto ezinje:
- Ukuzilolonga okuqinisa izihlunu zolwimi lwakho, imilebe, kunye nomhlathi.
- Iindlela zokukunceda uthethe ngokuvakalayo (umz., ukuphefumla nzulu ngaphambi kokuba uthethe).
- Iindlela zokukunceda uthethe ngokucacileyo (umz., ukucothisa isantya sentetho yakho, ukusebenzisa izihlunu ezibandakanyeka ekubizeni amagama ngabom).
- Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iindlela zonxibelelwano ezingezizo ezomlomo (umz., izimbo zomzimba, ukubhala).
Ukuba imeko imbi kakhulu, izixhobo zokuncedisa zingasetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana. Ezi ziquka ibhodi enoonobumba okanye imifanekiso, okanye ikhompyutha ekhethekileyo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukuba le meko inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo na kuxhomekeke kwisizathu esiyintloko. Ukuba yimpembelelo ecaleni yeyeza, imeko idla ngokuphela xa iyekile iyeza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ibangelwa yimeko engapheliyo efana nestroke okanye isifo semithambo-luvo, isenokunganyangeki ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, izakhono zonxibelelwano zinokuphuculwa ngonyango lokuthetha.Ingaphuculwa kakhulu.
Ungazinceda njani wena nabantu obathandayo?
Ukuphila nale meko kunokuba ngumceli mngeni, kodwa izinto ezincinci zinokwenza umahluko omkhulu.
Ingcebiso kwabo bane-dysarthria
- Xela umxholo kuqala: Xa uqala incoko, chaza umxholo oza kuthetha ngawo kuqala. Umzekelo, qala ngokuthi "ifilimu" ngaphambi kokuba uthethe ngefilimu ofuna ukuyibukela.
- Thetha kancinci nangokucacileyo: Thetha kancinci, ubiza amagama kakuhle. Ukusebenzisa izivakalisi ezimfutshane kunye nokuma phakathi kwenza kube lula ukuba umphulaphuli aqonde.
- Kuphephe ukuthetha xa udiniwe: Kunokuba nzima ukuthetha xa uziva udiniwe.
- Jonga ukuba umphulaphuli uyaqonda na: Endleleni, buza into efana nale, "Uyaqonda?" ukuqinisekisa.
- Sebenzisa ezinye iindlela: Ukuba udiniwe kukuthetha, veza iingcinga zakho ngokubhala, ukuzoba, okanye ukwenza izimbo zomzimba.
Ingcebiso kubantu obathandayo
- Nciphisa iziphazamiso: Nciphisa amanqanaba engxolo, njengeTV kunye nonomathotholo, ngelixa uthetha.
- Nika ingqwalasela: Jonga umntu othethayo uze umamele ngononophelo.
- Buza imibuzo ethi ewe/hayi: Buza imibuzo enokuphendulwa ngo-"ewe" okanye "hayi" ukuze kube lula ukunxibelelana.
- Ukuba awuqondi, yitsho: Xa ungaqondi, yitsho ngokunyaniseka.
- Phinda uchaze inxalenye oyiqondileyo: emva koko akuyi kufuneka akuxelele yonke into kwasekuqaleni.
Ixesha lokufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza
Ukuba uqala ukuba nobunzima bokuthetha, bonana nogqirha wakho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nokukrwitshwa, ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, okanye inyumoniya, funa uncedo lonyango ngokukhawuleza.
Ufuna ukuya nini kwi-ETU?
Ezinye iimeko ezibangela i-dysarthria, ezifana ne -stroke, zifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo. Ukuba umntu ubonakalisa iimpawu ze-stroke, mse kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo yesibhedlele (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuwa okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lobuso.
- Ukungakwazi ukubamba izandla zombini ngokulinganayo.
- Ukudideka kunye nokuxakeka.
- Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi emzimbeni.
- Ukuxakeka kwamagama.
I-Dysarthria kunye nezinye iimeko ezifanayo
Kukho ezinye iimeko ezininzi ezinokubangela ubunzima bokuthetha. Kubalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi.
| Imeko yezonyango | Yintoni umahluko? |
|---|---|
| I-Dysarthria | Ingxaki kubuthathaka okanye ukungakwazi ukulawula izihlunu ezifunekayo ukuze umntu athethe. |
| I-Aphasia | Le yingxaki yolwimi . Kunzima ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye okanye ukuveza iingcinga zakho ngamazwi. Akuyongxaki yezihlunu. |
| Umlinganiselo weNtetho | Izihlunu zinamandla apha, kodwa kukho ingxaki ngengqondo ethumela umyalezo ochanekileyo kwizihlunu ukuze zenze iintshukumo ezifunekayo ukuze kuthethwe. |
Ukuba i-dysarthria ikwenza kube nzima ukuba uthethe kwaye uzenze uqondakale, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo. Unyango lokuthetha lunokukunceda ukuphucula izakhono zakho zonxibelelwano ngelixa unyanga unobangela oyintloko. Khumbula, nokuba izihlunu zakho zibuthathaka, zininzi iindlela zokukunceda ugcine ubudlelwane obuqinileyo nabantu obathandayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Dysarthria ayisiyongxaki yobukrelekrele okanye ubuchule bokuthetha. Yingxaki yomzimba yokulawula izihlunu ezifunekayo ukuze umntu athethe.
- Oku kunokubangelwa ziimeko ezahlukeneyo zemithambo-luvo ezifana nesifo sohlangothi, isifo sikaParkinson, kunye nokwenzakala engqondweni.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe unengxaki yokuthetha ngokucacileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha aze afumane ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo.
- Unyango lokuthetha yeyona ndlela iphambili neyona isebenzayo yonyango lokulawula le meko.
- Umonde, ukuqonda, kunye nenkxaso yosapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo bakho kuya kuba ngamandla akho amakhulu kolu hambo.
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