Ingaba umntwana wakho akakathethi kakuhle? Okanye ngaba umntu omaziyo, mhlawumbi emva kwestroke, unengxaki yokuthetha okanye yokuginya? Namhlanje sithetha ngengcali ekhona ukusinceda ngamaxesha anje, kodwa engathethwa kakhulu phakathi kwethu. Lowo ngugqirha wengqondo nolwimi, okanye njengoko sonke sisazi, ingcali yeNtetho.
Ngubani ingcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha (SLP)? Wenza ntoni?
Ngamafutshane, i-SLP yingcali yezempilo exilonga kwaye inyange iingxaki zentetho, unxibelelwano kunye nokuginya. Sihlala sibabiza ngokuba 'ziingcali zeNtetho'.
Khawucinge nje, aba bantu banokunceda kwiingxaki ezinje kuye nabani na, ukususela kumntwana omncinci ukuya kumntu omdala. Oko kuthetha ukuba sifumana iinkonzo zabo kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo, ukususela kumntwana othetha kade ukuya kumntu olahlekelwe kukwazi ukuthetha ngenxa yokwenzakala engqondweni.
Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba yintoni kanye kanye le ngcali yezonyango eyenzayo:
Okokuqala, baza kukuhlola wena okanye umntwana wakho ngononophelo ukuze bafumane ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki leyo kunye nokuba yintoni ebangela loo nto . Emva koko, baza kwenza isicwangciso sonyango esilungiselelwe ingxaki kunye nawe. Emva koko, baza kukunika unyango ngokweso sicwangciso. Baza kujonga rhoqo indlela imeko yakho ephucuka ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Benza izinto ezahlukeneyo ngale njongo. Umzekelo:
- Ukufundisa indlela yokubiza izandi zamagama ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha ngokucacileyo, ngokulula, nangaphandle kokuthandabuza.
- Ukubonelela ngemithambo eyahlukeneyo yokuqinisa izihlunu ezisetyenziselwa ukuthetha nokuginya.
- Ukukunceda ukwandisa inani lamagama owaqondayo nowasebenzisayo.
- Ukufundisa indlela yokuhlanganisa amagama ukuze enze isivakalisi.
- Ukufundisa abantu abanengxaki yokuthetha ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano (umz. izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, iibhodi zonxibelelwano).
- Ukufundisa isigulana kunye nosapho ngendlela yokuphila nale ngxaki.
Abantu abaninzi bayabhidanisa ezi zinto zimbini. `Ingcali yezifo zentetho-ulwimi (SLP)` kunye `Ingcali yezifo zentetho` azingoochwephesha ababini abahlukeneyo, kodwa ziingcali ezifanayo. I-SLP ligama elichanekileyo lengcali.
Ziziphi iintlobo zonyango ezikhoyo?
Iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswa yingcali yokuthetha zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana neminyaka yakho kunye nesizathu semeko yakho. Makhe sijonge ngokukhawuleza ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zonyango kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Uhlobo loNyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Unyango lokunxibelelana | Ukuziqhelanisa nokubiza amagama nezandi ngokucacileyo. Imidlalo eyahlukeneyo ingasetyenziselwa abantwana. |
| Unyango lwe-motor oral | Ukunika imithambo yokuqinisa izihlunu ezijikeleze umlomo (ezinceda ekuthetheni nasekuginyeni). |
| Unyango lokungenelela kolwimi | Ukunceda umntwana oneengxaki zokuthetha okanye zolwimi olungasebenzi kakuhle. |
| Unyango lweVitalStim | Ukubonelela ngombane ovuselelayo entanyeni, ingakumbi kwabo banengxaki yokuginya emva kweemeko ezifana nestroke. |
| Unyango lweNtetho lukaLee Silverman (LSVT) | Ukunceda ukuphucula ulawulo lwelizwi, ivolumu, kunye nolawulo lwembonakalo yobuso. |
Zeziphi iimeko ezinyangwa yingcali yokuthetha?
Ingcali yokunyanga iingxaki zokuthetha inyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo. Masizihlukanise zibe ziindidi ezahlukeneyo eziphambili.
1. Ukuphazamiseka Kwentetho
Ezi ziingxaki ekuveliseni izandi.
- I-Apraxia: Ingxaki engqondweni enika imiyalelo kwizihlunu ezifunekayo ukuze zithethe.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokuthetha: Ukungakwazi ukubiza izandi ezithile (umz. 's', 'r') ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukuthintitha: Ukukhubeka, ukuphinda-phinda amagama ngelixa uthetha.
- I-Dysarthria: Ubuthathaka bemisipha efunekayo ukuze umntu athethe ngenxa yomonakalo wobuchopho.
2. Iingxaki zoLwimi
Ezi ziingxaki ekuqondeni oko kuthethwa ngabanye (ukwamkela) okanye ukuveza izimvo zakho (ukuveza izimvo zakho).
- I-Aphasia: Ubunzima bokuthetha okanye ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye abantu ngenxa yomonakalo wengqondo, njengestroke.
- Ingxaki yokucubungula izandi: Ingqondo inengxaki yokuqonda intsingiselo yezandi nangona iindlebe ziva.
3. Iingxaki zokuqonda nokunxibelelana
Ukwenzakala kwengqondo, istroke, okanye i-dementia kunokuchaphazela inkumbulo, ingqalelo, kunye nezakhono zokuqiqa. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukuthetha, ukumamela, ukufunda, okanye ukubhala.
4. Iingxaki zokuginya (iDysphagia)
Le inokuba yimeko enzima kakhulu. Ibonakala ngobunzima bokuginya ukutya neziselo. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
- Ukukhohlela nokukrwitshwa xa usitya okanye emva kokutya.
- Ukutya okuphuma emlonyeni.
- Kuthatha ixesha elide kunesiqhelo ukugqiba ukutya.
- Ukunciphisa umzimba kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
- Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwemiphunga olufana ne-pneumonia (ngenxa yamasuntswana okutya angena kwimibhobho yomoya).
Ngaba wena okanye umntwana wakho kufuneka nidibane nogqirha wengqondo othetha ngentetho?
Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo uneengxaki ezilandelayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqwalasela ukubona ingcali yezentetho.
Ukuba unengxaki yokuthetha emva kwengozi okanye ukugula
Umzekelo, emva kwengozi okanye isifo sohlangothi, umntu unokuba nobunzima bokuthetha nokusebenzisana nabanye. Unyango lokuthetha lunokuba luncedo olukhulu ekwakheni kwakhona ezi zakhono.
Ukuba unengxaki yokuginya ukutya okanye ukusela amanzi
Oku akuyonto ifanele ithathwe lula. Ubunzima bokuginya bunokubangela ukuba ukutya nokusela kungene kwindlela yomoya, nto leyo enokubangela i-pneumonia eyingozi. Unyango lokuginya lunokunceda ukuqinisa izihlunu ezifunekayo ukuze uginye kwaye lukuqeqeshe kwakhona ukuba uginye ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ukuba abantwana abancinci baneengxaki zokutya
Abanye abantwana abancinci bayathandabuza ukutya. Abakwazi ukutya ukutya okuthile (umz. ukutya okutyebileyo nokunamathelayo). Bayahlanza okanye bakrwitshwe xa besitya. Ingcali yokunyanga iingxaki zokuthetha inokunceda nakwezi zinto.
Ukuba ucinga ukuba intetho yomntwana wakho icotha kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nobudala bakhe
Le yingxaki ebanayo abazali abaninzi. Ukuba ucinga ukuba, "Abanye abantwana abaneminyaka yomntwana wam bayathetha, kodwa abam abakathethi," ungakhathazeki ngayo.
Ukuba unamathandabuzo ngento efana nale, eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukuthetha nogqirha wosapho lwakho okanye ugqirha wabantwana. Uza kumxilonga umntwana wakho, aze ukuba kuyimfuneko, akuthumele kwingcali yokuthetha. Okukhona unyango luqalwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziba ngcono.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iingcali zonyango lwentetho nolwimi (ii-SLP) zinyanga iingxaki zonxibelelwano nokuginya ezichaphazela nabani na, ukususela kubantwana abancinci ukuya kubantu abadala.
- Zinceda kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokulibaziseka kokuthetha komntwana, ukungathintitha, ubunzima bokuthetha emva kwestroke, kunye nobunzima bokuginya (dysphagia).
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nendlela umntwana wakho athetha ngayo, okanye ubuchule bokunxibelelana okanye bokuginya bomntu omthandayo/omthandayo, inyathelo lokuqala kufuneka libe kukuthetha nogqirha wakho.
- Unyango lokuthetha lwenzelwe umntu ngamnye kwaye lunokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho wobomi.
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