Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uyadideka xa uthetha? Okanye ngaba ukufumanisa kunzima ukusho ngokucacileyo into ofuna ukuyithetha? Mhlawumbi ilizwi lakho liyatshintsha, livakala ngathi liyathintitha, okanye livakala ngathi uthetha kancinci kwabanye? Ukuba ukhe wahlangabezana nezi zinto, unobangela usenokuba yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-dysarthria. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokulula nangokuneenkcukacha.
left;"> Yintoni iDysarthria? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!Ngamafutshane, iDysarthria
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umntu one-dysarthria aqonde ulwimi. Uyazi ukuba makathini kwaye athini. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobuthathaka bezihlunu, kunzima ukubiza amagama ngokucacileyo nokuthetha ngendlela abanye abantu abanokuyiqonda. Kufana nokuba ufuna ukucula ingoma kakuhle, kodwa umqala wakho awuphilile, awuyi kukwazi ukucula ngokucacileyo.
I-Dysarthria inokuvela ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:
1. I-Developmental dysarthria: Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokonakala kwengqondo ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ekuzalweni. Umzekelo, le meko inokwenzeka kubantwana abane -cerebral palsy . Ihlala ichaphazela abantwana abancinci.
2. I-Acquired dysarthria: Oku kubangelwa kukonakala kwengqondo kamva ebomini. Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana ne -stroke , i-brain tumor, okanye isifo sikaParkinson zinokubangela i-dysarthria. Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala.
Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-dysarthria? I-Dysarthriainokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni yeyiphi inxalenye yenkqubo yethu ye-nervous eyonakeleyo. Xa sithetha ngenkqubo yethu ye-nervous, ibandakanya zombini iindawo eziphambili ezifana ne-brain kunye ne-spinal cord (Central Nervous System) kunye nenethiwekhi ye-nervous esasazeka emzimbeni wonke (Peripheral Nervous System).
Nazi ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili:
- I-Flaccid dysarthria: Oku kubangelwa kukonakala kwi-motor neurons ezisezantsi, eziyinxalenye yenkqubo yethu ye-peripheral nervous. Kolu hlobo, ukuthetha kunokuvakala ngathi uphefumla kakhulu, ngokungathi uthetha ngempumlo yakho (isandi sempumlo). Ilizwi lakho lisenokuvakala libuthathaka.
- I-Spastic dysarthria:
I-Dysarthria ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanezifo ezithile ze-neurological. Umzekelo:
- I-ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - ALS) ichaphazela malunga nama-30% abantu.
- I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) ichaphazela ama-25% ukuya kuma-50% abantu ngaxesha lithile ebomini babo.
- Isifo sikaParkinson sichaphazela inani elikhulu kakhulu labantu.
- Istroke sichaphazela ama-8% ukuya kuma-60% abantu.
- I-Traumatic Brain Injury ichaphazela ama-10% ukuya kuma-65% abantu.
Ezi zibalo zibonisa ukuba nangona eli ligama elitsha, linokuchaphazela abantu abaninzi.
left;"> Dysarthria Zithini iimpawu ze-dysarthria?Uphawu oluphambili kukuba kunzima kwabanye ukuqonda into oyithethayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba awukwazi ukulawula imilebe yakho, ulwimi, kunye nomhlathi wakho ngokufanelekileyo ukuze uthethe ngokucacileyo.
Ezinye iimpawu zinokubandakanya:
- Ukungathethi kakuhle okanye ukuziva ngathi uyathintitha .
- Ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza okanye kancinci kunokuba ucinga
- .
Olu buthathaka ekulawuleni izihlunu ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangela ubunzima bokuginya (dysphagia) . Oku kuyinto ekufuneka uyilumkele kakhulu.
left;"> Yintoni ebangela i-dysarthria?Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, left;"> i-dysarthria yenzeka xa umonakalo usenzeka kwiindawo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ezilawula izihlunu ezisinceda sithethe. Oku kuquka izihlunu ebusweni nasemqaleni wethu, kunye nezihlunu ezisinceda sifunxe. Ukulimala, izifo, kunye neemeko ze-neuromuscular zinokubangela oku.
Ezinye zezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zezi:
- I-ALS. (i-ALS okanye isifo sikaLou Gehrig)
- Iithumba zobuchopho
- I-Cerebral Palsy
- I-Dementia (iimeko zokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo)
- Isifo sikaHuntington Isifo seLyme (isifo esithwalwa ziikhakhayi
- )
- I-Multiple sclerosis (MS)
- I-Muscular dystrophy
- I-Myasthenia gravis (isifo sobuthathaka bemisipha)
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- Istroke
- I-Traumatic Brain Injury Ukulimala
- ebusweni okanye emlonyeni.
- Ukulimala entlokweni yakho, entanyeni, elulwimini, okanye kwiintambo zelizwi.
Ngamanye amaxesha, amanye amayeza (umz., amayeza okuthomalalisa, amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula) anokubangela iimpawu ezifana ne-dysarthria njengesiphumo esibi.
Zithini iingxaki ze-dysarthria?Ubunzima bokuthetha bunokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo kuluntu. Xa unengxaki yokuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye, kunokuchaphazela umsebenzi wakho, umsebenzi wesikolo, kunye nobudlelwane bakho. Uxinzelelo olubangelwa koku lunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo yengqondo, ezinje ngokudakumba .
Ifunyaniswa njani i-dysarthria?Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukufumana unyango olunokukunceda uthethe kwaye ugcine ubudlelwane obunentsingiselo onabo nabanye.
Ugqirha wakho uya kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Emva koko, ingcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha (SLP)
Uza kuhlolwa ukuze kuchongwe ubunzima be-dysarthria yakho. Uza kujonga ukuphefumla kwakho, umgangatho welizwi lakho, kunye nokukwazi kwakho ukuhambisa imilebe yakho, ulwimi, kunye nezihlunu zobuso.Angakucela ukuba wenze izinto ezinje:
- Khupha ulwimi lwakho.
- Ncuma, uqhube imilebe yakho, ukhotha imilebe yakho.
- Bala ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-10, okanye ubize ialfabhethi.
- Funda isiqendu.
- Phinda izandi, amagama, kunye nezivakalisi, kwaye ubandakanyeke kwincoko eqhelekileyo.
Zeziphi ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokufuneka ukuze kufunyanwe i-dysarthria?
Ezinye iimvavanyo zingabandakanya:
- I-MRI okanye i-CT scans yengqondo yakho, intloko, kunye nentamo - ezi zikhangela izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezinokuchaphazela ubuchule bakho bokuthetha.
- Uvavanyo lwe -EEG (Electroencephalogram) - ukukhangela izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwimisebenzi yobuchopho enxulumene ne-dysarthria.
- Uvavanyo lwe -EMG (Electromyography) - ukujonga umsebenzi wombane wemisipha yakho kunye nemithambo-luvo.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi okanye lomchamo - ukujonga naluphi na usulelo okanye ukudumba okubangela iingxaki zokuthetha.
- I-Spinal tap (lumbar puncture) - ukujonga naluphi na usulelo okanye ithumba elibangela i-dysphagia.
Ngamanye amaxesha i-dysphagia ihamba nobunzima bokuginya (i-dysphagia), ngoko ke ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ukuba kwenziwe uphando lokugwinya lwe-barium oluguquliweyo okanye uphando lwe-videofluoroscopic swallow (VFSS) .
left;"> Zeziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-dysarthria?Abantu abane-dysarthria banokuzuza kakhulu kunyango lokuthetha ukuphucula izakhono zabo zonxibelelwano. Ingcali yezifo zentetho kunye nolwimi (SLP) ingathetha nosapho lwakho kwaye ibafundise indlela yokunxibelelana ngcono nawe.
Ngexesha leeseshoni zonyango lwentetho, ungafunda izinto ezinje:
- Ukuzilolonga ukuqinisa izihlunu zolwimi lwakho, imilebe, kunye nomhlathi.
- Amaqhinga okuthetha ngokuvakalayo (umz., ukuphefumla nzulu ngaphambi kokuba uthethe).
- Amaqhinga okuthetha ngokucacileyo (umz., ukunciphisa isantya sentetho yakho, ukusebenzisa izihlunu ezithile ukubiza izandi namagama).
- Iindlela zonxibelelwano ezingezizo ezelizwi (umz., ukwenza izimbo zomzimba, ukubhala).
Ukuba i-dysarthria yakho yasekhohlo inzima, unokufuna isixhobo sokunxibelelana nabanye. Oku kungabandakanya ibhodi enoonobumba okanye imifanekiso, okanye ikhompyutha ekhethekileyo enekhibhodi kunye nesikrini esibonisa imiyalezo.
left;"> Ngaba i-dysarthria inokuthintelwa?Ayizizo zonke izizathu ze-dysarthria ezinokuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ungathatha amanyathelo okunciphisa umngcipheko wezinye izizathu (umz., ukwenzakala, isifo sohlangothi). Umzekelo, ukutya ukutya okunempilo kunokunciphisa umngcipheko weemeko ezinyusa umngcipheko wakho wesifo sohlangothi, ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, kunye nesifo semithambo yegazi. left;"> Ngaba i-dysarthria inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?Kuxhomekeke kwinto ebangela i-dysarthria yakho yasekhohlo;">. Ukuba ibangelwa sisiphumo esingesihle seyeza, imeko idla ngokunyamalala xa iyekwa iyeza. Nangona kunjalo, i-dysarthria ebangelwa yimeko ye-neuromuscular yexesha elide (`(imeko ye-neuromuscular engapheliyo)`), ukukhubazeka, okanye ukwenzakala kusenokungabuyekeki. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lokuthetha ngokuqinisekileyo lunokuphucula izakhono zakho zonxibelelwano.
Unyango lokuthetha lukunceda usebenzise izihlunu zakho zokuthetha ngempumelelo kwaye lukufundisa iindlela zokunxibelelana ngaphandle kwamagama.
left;"> Zeziphi ezinye iingcebiso zokuthetha njengomntu one-dysarthria?Ukuba uyekile;"> i-dysarthria, ezi ngcebiso zinokukunceda:
- Xela isihloko kuqala. Nika abaphulaphuli umbono wento oza kuyithetha kuqala. Umzekelo, ngaphambi kokuba uthethe ngefilimu ofuna ukuyibukela, qala ngokuthi "ifilimu."
- Thetha kancinci nangethoni efanelekileyo. Ukubiza amagama ngokucacileyo nangokucothayo kunceda umphulaphuli aqonde. Ukuthetha ngezivakalisi ezimfutshane ngokuma rhoqo kunika umphulaphuli ixesha lokuqonda into oyithethayo.
- Kuphephe ukuthetha xa udiniwe. left;"> Abantu abaninzi abane-dysarthria bakufumanisa kunzima ukuthetha xa bediniwe.
- Qinisekisa ukuba abantu abaphulaphuleyo bayayiqonda into oyithethayo. Kungumbono olungileyo ukubuza abantu abaphulaphuleyo phakathi kwabo. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba ungaphindi into oyithethileyo.
- Sebenzisa iindlela zonxibelelwano ezingathethiyo ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ukuba ukuthetha kuyadinisa kakhulu, xelela umntu othetha naye, kubhale phantsi, kukutsale, okanye uhlehlise incoko.
Ngawaphi amacebiso anokusetyenziswa ngabanye xa bethetha nam?
Ingcali yezifo zentetho nolwimi (SLP) inokucebisa amacebiso okunceda abanye banxibelelane nawe. Umzekelo, umntu omthandayo angenza oku kulandelayo:
- Ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka/ingxolo (umz., ukucima unomathotholo, iTV).
- Mamela ngononophelo ngelixa uthetha.
- Thetha nawe kwindawo ezolileyo, ekhanyiswe kakuhle .
- Nceda unxibelelane
Ukuba unengxaki yokuthetha, bona ugqirha wakho. Ukuba uphelelwa ngumoya, ukhwehlela rhoqo, okanye unesifo se-pneumonia, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
Ndifanele ndiye nini kwigumbi likaxakeka (ETU) ?
Ezinye zezizathu ze-dysarthria, ezifana ne-stroke, zifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo. Ukuba umntu ubonisa iimpawu zokukhubazeka, mse kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza.
Iimpawu zokukhubazeka ziquka:
- Ubuthathaka okanye ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso.
- Ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa zombini iingalo .
- Ukudideka nokungaphumli .
- Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi .
- Intetho engaqondakaliyo/ukugquma .
Ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:
- Yintoni ebangela i-dysarthria yam yasekhohlo;">?
- Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo?
- Ndingaziphucula njani izakhono zam zokuthetha?
- Zeziphi iziphumo endinokuzilindela kunyango lokuthetha?
- Ngaba kufuneka ndisebenzise isixhobo sonxibelelwano?
I-Aphasia yimeko eyenza kube nzima ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye okanye ukuchaza iingcinga zomntu. Ayiyongxaki ngezihlunu zentetho ezifana ne-dysarthria. Kwi-aphasia, amaziko olwimi engqondo ayachaphazeleka.
left;"> Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-dysarthria kunye ne-apraxia?I-Apraxia luhlobo olwahlukileyo lokuphazamiseka kwentetho ye-motor. Abantu abane-apraxia banomsebenzi oqhelekileyo wemisipha, kodwa banobunzima bokwenza iintshukumo zokuzithandela ezifana nokuthetha. Oko kukuthi, umyalezo ovela ebuchosheni ukuya kwizihlunu ubaxelela ukuba "bahambe ngale ndlela naleyo" awuhambi kakuhle. Ingxaki ikukucwangcisa indlela yokubiza amagama.
left;"> Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-dysarthria kunye ne-dysphagia?Njenge-dysarthria, i-dysphagia ikwabandakanya iingxaki zokulawula izihlunu. Kodwa left;"> I-Dysarthria yingxaki yokuthetha, ngelixa i-dysphagia yingxaki yokuginya ukutya . Ngamanye amaxesha i-dysphagia ishiywe;">
I-Dysarthria inokuba luphawu.Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
Ukuba unengxaki yokunxibelelana nabanye abantu ngenxa ye-dysarthria, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo loo nto. Ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwi-speech therapy. Iingcali ze-speech and language pathologists (SLPs) zinokufundisa abahlobo bakho kunye nosapho lwakho indlela yokunxibelelana nawe ngempumelelo. Khumbula, nokuba ubuthathaka bemisipha yakho bukwenza kube nzima ukuthetha, ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso, unokugcina ubudlelwane bakho obuxabisekileyo. Musa ukoyika, fumana uncedo.
` left;"> I-Dysarthria, ubunzima bokuthetha, iingxaki zokuthetha, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, umonakalo wobuchopho, unyango lokuthetha, ukuthintitha, intetho engacacanga
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