Ngaba ukhathazekile ngokukhula komntwana wakho? Masingenelele kwangethuba! (Ukungenelela kwangethuba)

Sonke sifuna abantwana bethu abancinci bakhule bonwabile kwaye besempilweni. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, sinokuba nemibuzo embalwa kwaye sinoloyiko malunga nokukhula kwabo. "Ngaba umntwana wam akenzi izinto ngokukhawuleza njengabanye?" "Ingaba intetho yakhe ayilibazisi?" Ngaba wakha wacinga ngezi zinto? Ukuba kunjalo, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngento ebaluleke kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yi- "Early Intervention" enokunceda . Oku kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu ebomini bomntwana wakho.

Yintoni ukungenelela kwangethuba? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, ukungenelela kwangethuba kubhekisa kwiinkonzo ezikhethekileyo kunye nenkxaso enikezelwa kubantwana abancinci (ukususela kwiintsana ezisandula ukuzalwa ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu ubudala) abanokulibaziseka kokukhula okanye ukukhubazeka okusisigxina .

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba, yintoni le "libaziseko lophuhliso" kunye "nokukhubazeka okusisigxina"?

• Ukulibaziseka kokukhula kuxa umntwana wakho efika kade kancinci kwinqanaba elithile lokukhula (njengokuncuma, ukuthetha, nokuhamba) xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abantwana abaneminyaka yabo. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba banokuzifikelela ezi zinto ngoncedo olufanelekileyo.
• Ukukhubazeka kokukhula yinto ehlala ubomi bonke. Inokuchaphazela intshukumo yomntwana, ukufunda, unxibelelwano, okanye ukuziphatha kwakhe. Imizekelo ibandakanya iimeko ezifana ne-autism okanye i-ADHD.

Ngoko ke, ezi nkonzo "zokungenelela kwangethuba" ziya kunceda umntwana wakho omncinci aphuhlise izakhono ezisisiseko. Cinga nje ngezinto ezinje...

• Qengqela ngaphaya
• Khasa
• Hamba
• Sondeza isandla sakho ukuze uchukumise izinto.
• Funda izinto ezintsha, sombulula iingxaki
• Thetha, mamela.
• Qonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye.
• Dlala nabanye, yiba nobudlelwane nabantu.
• Yenza izinto zakho, njengokutya nokuzinxibisa.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqala ezi nkonzo kwangethuba. Kungcono ukuba ubahlole kwangoko xa wena okanye ugqirha wakho ninamathandabuzo. Ukwenza njalo kuya kunika umntwana wakho inkxaso enkulu ekuphuhliseni izakhono azidingayo esikolweni, emsebenzini, nakubudlelwane—ngamanye amazwi, kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi.

Ezi nkonzo zingaqala xa zineminyaka emingaphi? Ndingamnceda umntwana wam ngokukhawuleza?

Ezi nkonzo "zoNcedo lwaKwangoko" zenzelwe abantwana ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala . Kwamanye amazwe, oku kungaqhubeka de kube yiminyaka emi-5 ubudala.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba oogqirha bafumanisa imeko echaphazela ukukhula komntwana wakho (njengezinye "iingxaki zemfuza") xa ezalwa, baya kukuthumela ngokukhawuleza kwiinkqubo ezifanelekileyo "zoNcedo lwaBasaqalayo".

Kodwa ezi zinto azibonakali rhoqo xa uzalwa. Ugqirha wakho wezingane unokubona oku kulibaziseka ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwakho kwenyanga. Usenokukuthumela kwezi nkonzo.

Kodwa, ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba kukho into engalunganga, ungalindi de kube yimini oya kubona ugqirha. Mamela amathumbu akho. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokuba nokulibaziseka kokukhula okanye ukukhubazeka, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko umxelele oko ukubonayo. Ukusuka apho, baya kukukhokela.

Ngubani obonelela ngezi nkonzo zokungenelela kwangethuba? Singazifumana phi?

Oku kunokwahluka kancinci ngokwamazwe ngamazwe. Umzekelo, kumazwe afana ne-United States, urhulumente ubonelela ngezi nkonzo "zokungenelela kwangethuba".

ESri Lanka, umntu ongcono onokukukhokela kwimeko enjalo ngugqirha wakho wabantwana. Angakuthumela kwiingcali ezifanelekileyo (umz., iingcali zokuthetha, iingcali zonyango lomzimba) kunye namaziko ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yomntwana wakho. Izibhedlele ezinkulu zikarhulumente zinokuba neekliniki zokwenza oku, kwaye kukwakho neendawo kwicandelo labucala ezibonelela ngeenkonzo ezikhethekileyo zokwenza oku. Ngoko ke ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wabantwana ngale nto.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufuna inkxaso eqhubekayo emva kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala, ungafanelekela neeNkonzo zeMfundo eKhethekileyo . Ungafumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga noku kugqirha wakho okanye kwisikolo sasekuhlaleni.

Ziziphi imizekelo yeeNkonzo zoNcedo lwaKwangoko?

Ezi nkonzo zinokwahluka kumntwana ngamnye, kuba azifani iimfuno zomntu wonke. Zinceda kakhulu kwizinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukuthetha nokunxibelelana: Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-speech-language therapy.
• Kwiingxaki zokuva: Iinkonzo ze-Audiology zinokunceda kule nto.
• Kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (umz., ukuqokelela amathoyizi, ukutya wedwa): Unyango lomsebenzi lunokunceda kule nto.
• Ngokuphathelele iintshukumo ezifana nokuhamba, ukubaleka, nokutsiba: Unyango lomzimba luyaziphucula ezi zakhono.

Ukongeza kwezi, kunokubakho ezinye iinkonzo ezifumanekayo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zomntwana wakho. Ezinye iinkonzo zenzelwe ukufundisa wena namanye amalungu osapho indlela engcono yokuxhasa umntwana wakho.

Umntwana ufanelekela njani ezi nkonzo?

Ukuba iingcali zifumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokulibaziseka kokukhula okanye ukukhubazeka, unokufaneleka kwezi nkonzo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyaniswa kwangethuba enemeko eyaziwayo ukuba ibangela ukulibaziseka kokukhula, unokufaneleka ngokuzenzekelayo kwezi nkonzo. Ugqirha wakho wezingane unokukuxelela ngale nto.

Ukuba akukho kuxilongwa okuqinisekileyo, umntwana ufakwa kwinkqubo yovavanyo. Nantsi indlela edla ngokwenzeka ngayo:

1. Okokuqala, kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho wabantwana ngale nto. Uza kukuthumela kwiingcali ezifunekayo.

2. Emva koko, umntwana wakho uza kuhlolwa ziingcali ezigxile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso lomntwana (umz., intetho nolwimi, ukuva, ukubona, intshukumo). Baza kuzibandakanya kwimisebenzi yomntu ngamnye nomntwana wakho baze baqaphele indlela umntwana wakho asabela ngayo.

3. Uza kwaziswa ngeziphumo zolu vavanyo. Baza kukuchazela ukuba umntwana wakho uyafaneleka na ukufumana iinkonzo zoNcedo lwaKwangoko kunye nokuba iziphumo zithetha ukuthini. Ukuba umntwana wakho uyafaneleka, uza kudlulela kwinqanaba elilandelayo.

4. Okulandelayo, kwenziwa uvavanyo olunzulu ukuze kuchongwe iimfuno zomntwana ezithile kunye neenkonzo ezinokunceda. Kule meko, iingcali zijonga umntwana kwaye zibuze imibuzo kuwe nakusapho lwakho.

5. Okokugqibela, wena kunye neqela leengcali niza kusebenzisana ukwenza iSicwangciso seNkonzo yoSapho esiHlanganisiweyo (IFSP) somntwana wakho. Oku kufana nemephu yendlela. Ichaza ngokucacileyo iimfuno zomntwana wakho, iinkonzo aza kuzifumana, kunye neenjongo azilindeleyo kwezo nkonzo.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba esi sicwangciso sikhethekileyo (IFSP) senziwe?

Nje ukuba i-IFSP yenziwe, umntwana wakho uza kuqala ukufumana iinkonzo njengoko kuchaziwe kwisicwangciso. UMququzeleli weNkonzo okanye ugqirha wakho oyintloko/ingcali yezonyango uya kuba lapho ukukukhokela kuyo yonke le nto aze aphendule imibuzo yakho.

I-IFSP ihlolwa phantse rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, kwaye ihlaziywa minyaka le (okanye ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuyimfuneko) ukuze ihlaziye isicwangciso njengoko iimfuno zomntwana zitshintsha.

Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho abe neminyaka emi-3 ubudala, ``Isicwangciso soTshintsho`` senzelwe oko kuza kwenzeka emva koko. Oku kungabandakanya:

• Umntwana wakho angaqhubeka efumana iinkonzo zemfundo ezifana "nokungenelela kwangethuba" ade abe neminyaka emi-5 ubudala (le yinkqubo ekhoyo kwamanye amazwe).
• Umntwana wakho angafaneleka ukufumana iiNkonzo zeMfundo eKhethekileyo ngesikolo sasekuhlaleni.
• Umntwana usenokungasadingi ezinye iinkonzo.

Ndingamnceda njani umntwana wam ekhaya?

Zininzi izinto onokuzenza ekhaya ukunceda ekuphuhliseni umntwana wakho. Iingcali zomntwana wakho ziya kukunika iingcebiso ezintle ngale nto. Kodwa khumbula, kungathatha ixesha ukufumana ingcali. Okwangoku, ungaziva ungenakunceda, akunjalo?

Kungumbono olungileyo ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wabantwana uze ubuze ukuba zeziphi izinto onokuzenza ekhaya ukunceda umntwana wakho. Ngokubanzi, ungahlala unxibelelene nomntwana wakho ngokwenza izinto ezinje:

• Ukufundela umntwana wakho iincwadi.
• Ukucula iingoma.
• Ukuvumela umntwana ukuba achukumise aze adlale ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamathoyizi.
• Ukubonisa izinto ezinomdla ezinokutsala ingqalelo yomntwana.
• Ukubiza nokuchaza izinto ezisingqongileyo.
• Ukuthetha nomntwana wakho ngento eyenzekayo ngelo xesha.

Kungcono ukuthetha nomntwana wakho kangangoko unako kwaye wenze imisebenzi yomntu ngamnye. Nokuba umntwana wakho akabonakali enomdla ngamanye amaxesha, usafunda ngayo yonke into emngqongileyo ngendlela yakhe eyahlukileyo. Iingcali zakho zingakunceda uqonde ukuba kutheni olu nxibelelwano lubaluleke kangaka kwaye zeziphi izinto eziza kuhambelana neemfuno zomntwana wakho.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Siphila kwihlabathi elikhawulezayo. Uluntu luxabisa ukuba ngowokuqala noyena ubalaseleyo kuyo yonke into. Ngoko ke, xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho udlula kwimigangatho yophuhliso kancinci kunabanye, usenokuba nexhala ngekamva lakhe. "Ngaba baya kukwazi ukwenza kakuhle esikolweni? Luhlobo luni lomsebenzi abaza kuwufumana?" Imibuzo eliwaka efana nale inokuvela engqondweni.

Kodwa khumbula, asinakukwazi ukuqikelela nawuphi na umntwana, kuba umntwana ngamnye ukhula ngesantya sakhe. Kwakhona, khumbula ukuba iingcali "zokungenelela kwangethuba" zinolwazi kunye nezixhobo zokuya kwindawo yomntwana wakho zimnike uncedo aludingayo. Iingcali zingamnceda umntwana wakho aphuhlise ezi zakhono ngesantya sakhe. Kwaye ziya kukufundisa kwaye zikuxhase - kuba emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ungutitshala wokuqala nobaluleke kakhulu womntwana wakho.

Ukuba uneengxaki, uloyiko, okanye amathandabuzo malunga nokukhula komntwana wakho, ungabi nazintloni okanye ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wabantwana. Kwakhona, ungathandabuzi ukujonga iinkqubo zoNcedo lwaBasaqalayo kwindawo okuyo. Okukhona uqokelela ulwazi oluthe kratya, kokukhona uya kuba nokuzithemba ngakumbi ekucwangciseni indlela yakho eya phambili. Khumbula, awuwedwa, kwaye baninzi abantu abanokukunceda!

Ungenelelo kwangethuba , uphuhliso lomntwana, ukulibaziseka kophuhliso, ukukhubazeka, impilo yomntwana, unyango lokuthetha, unyango lomzimba