Intliziyo yakho sisitho esimangalisayo, akunjalo? Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, kwanentsholongwane encinci evela kwenye indawo emzimbeni wethu inokuhamba ngegazi ize yonakalise intliziyo ngokwayo. Leyo yimeko embi kakhulu, esongela ubomi esithetha ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yi-endocarditis. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyiqonda ngokufanelekileyo le nto kwaye ufumane unyango ngokukhawuleza.
Yintoni i-Endocarditis ngokulula?
Ngamafutshane, i-endocarditis lusulelo kunye nokudumba kwengaphakathi lentliziyo yakho (esiyibiza ngokuba yi-endocardium ngokwezonyango) kunye neevalvu zentliziyo. Idla ngokubangelwa yintsholongwane, efana nebhaktheriya .
Khawucinge nje, intsholongwane evela emlonyeni wakho, eluswini, okanye kwenye indawo kwinkqubo yakho yokuphefumla ingena egazini lakho. Emva koko, le ntsholongwane ihamba negazi ize iye entliziyweni yakho. Intliziyo ephilileyo ayosuleleki lula. Kodwa ukuba kukho umonakalo okanye ubuthathaka kwiivalvu zentliziyo yakho, intsholongwane iyahamba inamathele kwezo ndawo zibuthathaka, imile apho, ize iqale ukwanda.
Njengoko ezi ntsholongwane zikhula apho, zenza amahlumela amancinci, afana namahlwili egazi kunye nezicubu ezinemicu. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba 'zizityalo'. Ezi 'zityalo' zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiivalvu zentliziyo. Oku kunokubangela ukuba iivalvu zingavali kakuhle, kubangele igazi livuze, okanye kubangele ukuba intliziyo iyeke ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale nto.
I-Endocarditis inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili.
1. I-Infective Endocarditis: Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Njengoko igama lisitsho, lubangelwa yintsholongwane, efana nebhaktheriya okanye ifungi, engena entliziyweni. Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha bayibiza ngokuba yi-`(Bacterial Endocarditis - BE)`.
2. I-Endocarditis engeyongozi: Oku kunqabile kakhulu. Apha, 'izityalo' entliziyweni azibangelwa yintsholongwane. Sizibiza ngokuba 'zizityalo ezingeyongozi '. Le meko idla ngokuvela kwizifo ezibangela ukuba igazi lijijeke lula. Umzekelo, inokubonwa kwiimeko ezifana nesifo se-'( lupus )' kunye nesifo se-'Antiphospholipid'.
Zithini iimpawu ze-endocarditis? Uzibona njani?
Iimpawu zesi sifo ziyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, njengoko zinokuvela ngequbuliso, okanye zinokuvela kancinci kancinci kwiiveki.
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-infective endocarditis | |
|---|---|
| • Umkhuhlane (ngaphezulu kwama-38.4°C Celsius / 100°F Fahrenheit) | • Ukudinwa |
| • Ukuziva ubanda, umkhuhlane, kwaye ubila ebusuku | • Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea) |
| • Intlungu yamalungu kunye nemisipha | • Iintlungu zesifuba |
| • Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nokunciphisa umzimba | • Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (iTachycardia) |
| • Ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba | • Ukudumba kwesisu okanye imilenze |
| • Igazi kumchamo (iHematuria) | • Isandi sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga esivakalayo ngexesha lokuhlolwa ngugqirha (Intliziyo ikhala kakhulu) |
| Ukuba unale mpawu, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Le yimeko enokuba yingozi ebomini. | |
I-infective endocarditis inokuza ngeendlela ezimbini:
- I-Acute: Oku kuqala ngequbuliso. Kunokuba yingozi ebomini kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kunye neempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophezulu kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.
- I-Subacute: Oku kukhula kancinci, kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga.Iimpawu ezifana nokuziva ubuthathaka kunye nomkhuhlane omncinci ziqala ukubonakala.
I-endocarditis engeyongozi ayisoloko ibangela iimpawu. Ziimpawu zesifo esisisiseko (ezifana ne-lupus) ezisibangelayo.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa oku?
I-Endocarditis ayisiyosifo siqhelekileyo, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuba nayo.
- Abantu abaneevalvu zentliziyo ezenziweyo, ii-pacemaker, okanye ii-defibrillators : Ezi zixhobo zinokosulelwa ziintsholongwane.
- Abantu abakhe baba ne-endocarditis ngaphambili: Ukuba ukhe waba nayo kanye, kukho umngcipheko wokuba iphinde yenzeke.
- Abantu abaneengxaki ezithile zentliziyo: ingakumbi isifo se-heart valve kunye ne-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
- Abasebenzisi beziyobisi abane-IV: Iintsholongwane zinokungena ngqo egazini ngeenaliti ezingcolileyo zenaliti.
- Abantu abangondlekanga kakuhle ekucocekeni komlomo namazinyo: Iintsholongwane emlonyeni zinokungena lula egazini ngenxa yokubola kwamazinyo nesifo seentsini.
- Abantu abane-immune system ebuthathaka: Abantu abanezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye abo basebenzisa amayeza acinezela i-immune system.
- Abantu abakhe benza utyando lwevalvu yentliziyo ngaphambili.
Zithini iingxaki ezinokubakho xa zinganyangwa?
Ukuba oku akuqatshelwa kwaye akunyangwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu. Esi asisifo esifanele sithathwe lula.
Yintoni enokwenzeka ukuba unyango lulibaziseka:
- Iivalvu zentliziyo zitshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igazi livuza (ivalvu yentliziyo evuzayo)
- Ukumelwa yintliziyo
- Amathumba ajikeleze intliziyo
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-Arrhythmia)
- Iziqwenga ezincinci zezo zityalo zinokuqhekeka zize zivale umthambo wegazi engqondweni, nto leyo ebangela isifo sohlangothi.
- Usulelo lusasazeka emzimbeni wonke, nto leyo ebangela isifo esibulalayo esibizwa ngokuba yi-sepsis.
- Ekugqibeleni, ukufa kunokwenzeka.
Oogqirha bayifumana njani le nto?
Ukuba uneempawu kunye nezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko, ugqirha wakho uza kukufumanisa isifo ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuya kubandakanya uvavanyo oluninzi.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi:
- Uvavanyo lokwetyisa igazi:Le yindlela ofumanisa ngayo ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwebhaktheriya egazini.
- Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo: Jonga ukuba usulelo lukhona na.
- Uvavanyo lweprotheyini evuselelayo ye-C: Uhlola ukudumba emzimbeni.
- Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso yentliziyo:
- I-Echocardiogram: Olu luvavanyo lwentliziyo. Lunokuyibona ngokucacileyo indlela esebenza ngayo intliziyo, nawuphi na umonakalo kwiivalvu, kunye nokuba kukho naziphi na 'izityalo'.
- I-Transesophageal echocardiogram: Olu luhlobo lwe-echo. Nangona kunjalo, ityhubhu encinci ifakwa emqaleni ize ihlolwe kufutshane nentliziyo. Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo nangakumbi.
- I-MRI yentliziyo: Kwezinye iimeko, olu vavanyo lunokufuneka.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
I-Endocarditis yimeko efuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunye nonyango. Unyango oluphambili zii-antibiotics ezifakwa kwimithambo yegazi (ii-antibiotics ze-IV).
Olu nyango luza kuqhubeka kangangeeveki ezininzi, ngamanye amaxesha lude luye kwiiveki ezi-6 okanye ezi-8. Nje ukuba uhlobo lwebhaktheriya egazini lakho luchongiwe, ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha i-antibiotic efanelekileyo. Ngexesha lonyango lwakho, iimpawu zakho ziya kuhlolwa rhoqo, kwaye uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi luya kuphindwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba usulelo alusekho.
Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba usulelo lonakalise kakhulu iivalvu zentliziyo, kusenokungabi lula ukuzinyanga ngamayeza kuphela. Kwiimeko ezinjalo , kunokufuneka utyando ukuze kulungiswe ivalvu eyonakeleyo okanye kufakwe ivalvu yokwenziwa.
Ngaba le meko ingathintelwa?
Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuyithintela ngokupheleleyo, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Kufuneka ulumke ngakumbi ngezi zinto ukuba ukwicandelo elinomngcipheko ophezulu.
- Gcina ucoceko lomlomo nolwamazinyo lulungile: Hlamba amazinyo akho kakuhle yonke imihla. Coca phakathi kwamazinyo akho. Ndwendwela ugqirha wamazinyo rhoqo ukuze ujonge impilo yomlomo wakho. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
- Ingcebiso ekhethekileyo kubantu abasengozini enkulu: Ukuba unevalvu yokufakelwa, ukhe waba ne-endocarditis ngaphambili, okanye unezinye iingxaki zentliziyo ezinobungozi obukhulu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe amayeza okuthintela amazinyo ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe iinkqubo ezithile zamazinyo (umz., ukukhupha amazinyo, utyando lweentsini). Oku kwenzelwa ukubulala iintsholongwane ezinokungena egazini ngexesha leenkqubo zamazinyo ngaphambi kokuba zifikelele entliziyweni.
- Yazisa oogqirha bakho:Hlala unolwazi ngogqirha wosapho lwakho kunye nogqirha wamazinyo ngemeko yentliziyo yakho kunye nomngcipheko we-endocarditis.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Endocarditis yimeko embi kakhulu ebangelwa yintsholongwane engena entliziyweni.
- Lumka ngeempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ongachazwanga, ukudinwa, ukubila ebusuku, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Musa ukuzityeshela ezi zinto.
- Ukuba unezi mpawu zingasentla, ingakumbi ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye enye imeko enobungozi, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Ukugcina impilo yamazinyo intle yenye yezona ndlela zilungileyo zokunciphisa umngcipheko we-endocarditis.
- Ukuba ukwicandelo elinomngcipheko ophezulu, kubalulekile ukwazisa ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba naluphi na unyango lwezonyango okanye lwamazinyo.
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