I-Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) | Masifunde ngayo ngokulula

Ngaba nawe unesisu esibuhlungu, ukuziva utshisa esifubeni sakho? Mhlawumbi ugqirha wakho wenze i-CT scan okanye i-MRI waza wabona into encinci kuyo waza wakuxelela ukuba kufuneka wenze uvavanyo olukhethekileyo ukuze ufumane okungakumbi ngayo. Yiloo nto sithetha ngayo namhlanje, uvavanyo oluphambili kakhulu olwenziwa ngamaxesha anjalo. I-Endoscopic ultrasound, okanye i-EUS ngamafutshane. Nangona igama livakala linzima kancinci, lilula kakhulu. Makhe sijonge iinkcukacha.

Yintoni i-endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)?

Ngamafutshane, i-EUS yinkqubo esetyenziselwa ukuhlola ingaphakathi lenkqubo yakho yokwetyisa, okanye amathumbu. Oku kwenziwa yingcali yezifo zesisu.

Cinga ngayo, oku kufana nokudibanisa iiteknoloji ezimbini.

1. I-Endoscope: Le yityhubhu ende, ebhityileyo, eguquguqukayo enekhamera kunye nokukhanya kwelinye icala. Ingakubona ngokucacileyo okungaphakathi esiswini sakho.

2. I-Ultrasound: Ekupheleni kombhobho kukho isixhobo esincinci sokuskena (iprobe). Esi sixhobo sikhupha amaza esandi kwaye senza imifanekiso yezitho zomzimba, izicubu, kunye nemithambo yegazi ngaphakathi kwesisu sakho.

Ngoko ke xa ezi zimbini zidityanisiwe, ugqirha unokuzijonga ngokusondeleyo nangokucacileyo izitho ezingaphakathi nezijikeleze udonga lwamathumbu akho, njengepancreas kunye ne-gallbladder. Ingabona iinkcukacha ezininzi kune-scan eqhelekileyo.

Ngubani ofuna uvavanyo lwe-EUS?

Oogqirha bacebisa olu vavanyo lwe-EUS ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Lusetyenziswa kakhulu ukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo imeko yezonyango okanye ukufumana unobangela wempawu ethile.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zovavanyo lwe-EUS:

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba ahlole isisu esingaphezulu okanye esisezantsi.

1. I-EUS (i-EUS ephezulu)

Kule meko, kufakwa i-endoscope ngomlomo wakho kwaye inxalenye ephezulu yenkqubo yakho yokugaya ukutya iyahlolwa.

• Umphimbo, isisu, kunye nenxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancinci.
• Ii-lymph nodes ezijikelezileyo, imithambo yegazi, ii-cysts ezizaliswe lulwelo, kunye neethumba ezinomhlaza.
• Izitho ezikufutshane ezifana nepancreas, gallbladder, kunye ne-bile ducts.

2. I-EUS (i-EUS esezantsi)

Kule meko, i-endoscope ifakwa nge-anus kwaye inxalenye esezantsi yenkqubo yokugaya ukutya ihlolwe.

• Izihlunu ezijikeleze i-anus (i-Anal sphincter).
• Imithambo yegazi ejikelezileyo, ii-lymph nodes, ii-cysts ezizaliswe lulwelo, kunye namaqhuma.
• Inxalenye yokugqibela yamathumbu amakhulu (i-rectum kunye ne-colon).

Uvavanyo lwe-biopsy lwenziwa ngaxeshanye ne-EUS

Eli lelinye inzuzo enkulu yovavanyo lwe-EUS. Ukuba ugqirha ubona naliphi na iqhuma elirhanelekayo okanye izicubu ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha lovavanyo, isampuli encinci yalo ingathathwa ukuze ivavanywe ngoko nangoko.

Emva koko isampuli yezicubu okanye ulwelo ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri. Ingcali yezifo iyayihlola ize ixele ukuba ingaba inayo na into engaqhelekanga, efana neeseli zomhlaza.

Ungazilungiselela njani ngaphambi kovavanyo lwe-EUS?

Ugqirha uza kukunika imiyalelo ecacileyo malunga noko umele ukwenze noko ungamele ukwenze ngaphambi kovavanyo. Badla ngokuthi:

• Amayeza: Ukuba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi okanye i-insulin yesifo seswekile, ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela indlela yokulungisa umthamo waloo mayeza. Ungaze uyeke ukuwathatha wedwa amayeza akho.
• Ukutya Neziselo: Uza kucelwa ukuba uyeke ukutya nokusela iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kovavanyo. Ngokwesiqhelo malunga neeyure ezi-6-8. Oku kuza kukhupha isisu sakho kwaye kuvumele uvavanyo ukuba lucace.
• Ukucoca amathumbu: Ukuba une-EUS ephantsi, ugqirha wakho uza kukunika iyeza elikhethekileyo (ukulungiselela amathumbu) ukuze acoce amathumbu akho ngokupheleleyo. Eli chiza kufuneka lisetyenziswe kanye njengoko kuyalelwe.
• Umqhubi: Olu vavanyo lwenzelwe ukukulalisa kancinci, ukuze ungakwazi ukuqhuba emva kovavanyo. Ngoko ke kuya kufuneka umntu akuse ekhaya.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo?

Le nkqubo idla ngokuba yeyokunyanga ngaphandle kwesibhedlele, oko kuthetha ukuba ungagoduka ngaphandle kokuhlala esibhedlele. Lonke olu nyango luthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-60.

Indlela yokwenza i-Upper EUS (ngomlomo):

Uza kujika uye kwicala lasekhohlo uze ulaliswe ebhedini. Emva koko,

1. Uza kunikwa iyeza lokuthomalalisa ngemithambo ukuze likuncede uphumle kwaye ulale.

2. Futha iyeza lokunciphisa umphimbo obuhlungu.

3. Isixhobo sokukhusela umlomo esiplastiki siya kufakwa emlonyeni wakho ukuthintela ukonakala kwamazinyo akho nokukuthintela ekuhlafuneni i-endoscope.

4. Emva koko ugqirha ufaka i-endoscope ngononophelo emlonyeni aze ayidlulisele ezantsi kwi-esophagus iye esiswini nakwinxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancinci (i-duodenum).

5. Awuyi kuva ntlungu ngeli xesha. Ungaphefumla ngendlela eqhelekileyo.

6. Ugqirha ujonga i-monitor aze ahlole amalungu angaphakathi kunye namaqhuma.

7. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kuya kuthathwa i-biopsy (isiqwenga sethishu) njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili.

8. Xa uvavanyo luphelile, ugqirha uza kuyisusa ityhubhu aze ayimise i-anesthesia oyinikiweyo. Uza kuvuka kwigumbi lokuchacha.

Indlela yokwenza i-Lower EUS (nge-rectum):

Oku kufana noko kungentla. Ujikwa kwicala lakho lasekhohlo uze ulale kancinci. Emva koko,

1. Ugqirha ufaka i-endoscope nge-anus aze ayidlulisele emathunjini amakhulu.

2. Awuyi kuva ntlungu okanye ukungakhululeki ngexesha lonyango. Uya kukwazi ukuphefumla ngendlela eqhelekileyo.

3. Inkqubo yokugaya esezantsi kunye namalungu angqongileyo ahlolwa ngokujonga i-monitor.

4. Xa uvavanyo lugqityiwe, ityhubhu iyasuswa kwaye i-anesthesia iyekiswe.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo lwe-EUS?

Ipilisi yokulala oyinikiweyo iya kuphela kwimizuzu engama-30-60. Emva koko, ungaziva ungakhululekanga kangako.

• Emva kwe-EUS esezantsi: Usenokuziva uzele (umoya) kunye nokuqaqamba kancinci kwesisu.
• Emva kwe-Upper EUS: Usenokuziva ubuhlungu obuncinci emqaleni wakho.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi ezibandakanyekileyo?

I-EUS yinkqubo ekhuselekileyo kakhulu, kodwa njengakweyiphi na inkqubo yezonyango, kukho iingxaki ezithile ezinokwenzeka rhoqo.

• Ukusabela kwi-allergy kwi-anesthetics.
• Ukonakala okanye ukopha kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya.
• Ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwesisu esingaphezulu, ulwelo oluvela emlonyeni okanye esiswini lunokungena emiphungeni (i-lung aspiration).
• Ukuba kuthathwa i-biopsy, ukudumba kwe-pancreas (i-pancreatitis) kunokwenzeka.
• Umngxuma eludongeni lwamathumbu (ukugqobhoza).

Ezi zinto azifane zenzeke. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthatha onke amanyathelo ukunciphisa ezi ngozi.

Kufuneka uthethe nini nogqirha?

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga emva kovavanyo lwakho, kufuneka ufowunele ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.