Ngaba uyazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni i-endothelin emzimbeni wakho? Indlela echaphazela ngayo uxinzelelo lwethu lwegazi!

Ngaba wakha waliva igama elithi 'Endothelin'? Usenokuba ukhe weva ugqirha ebiza eli gama kuwe okanye kumntu wosapho lwakho xa ethetha ngamayeza, okanye usenokuba ulibonile ndaweni ithile xa efunda ngesifo. Nangona oku kuyinto encinci eveliswa ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, yenza umsebenzi omhle wokugcina uxinzelelo lwethu lwegazi, okanye 'uxinzelelo' njengoko sonke silwazi, kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba le endothelin iyanda emzimbeni ngaphezu kwemfuneko, iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo zinokubakho. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni le endothelin kunye nento eyenzayo emizimbeni yethu ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Ngoko ke yintoni le endothelin?

Ngamafutshane, i-endothelin yiproteni encinci enceda ekunciphiseni imithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, yi-peptide. Ii-Peptides ziitsheyini zeproteni ezimfutshane ezenziwe ngezinto ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba zii-amino acids. Ezi zikwanceda ekwakheni iiproteni ezinkulu emizimbeni yethu.

Uyazi ukuba ngubani owenza le endothelin? Kukho umaleko weeseli ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yethu. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-endothelium. Le yindawo ephambili emzimbeni wethu evelisa i-endothelin.

Yintoni i-endothelium? Ungacacisa kancinci?

Cinga ngemithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu yonke njengenethiwekhi yeepayipi ezithwala amanzi. Ingaphakathi lale mibhobho, ecaleni apho igazi lihamba khona, ligqunywe ngumaleko omncinci kakhulu weeseli. Loo maleko weeseli ubizwa ngokuba yi-endothelium . Nangona kubonakala kumangalisa, ikwathathwa njengenye yezona zitho zikhulu emzimbeni wethu!

Ezi seli ze-endothelial zikhupha izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zinto zilawula ukwandiswa kunye nokuxinana kwemithambo yegazi yethu, okubizwa ngokuba yi -vascular tone . Le vascular tone imisela ukuba intliziyo yethu kufuneka iqine kangakanani ukupompa igazi kunye nokuba kufuneka isebenze nzima kangakanani ukujikeleza igazi emzimbeni wonke.

I-endothelium kunye ne-endothelin zisebenza kunye ukwenza eminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo:

• Inceda ukujiya kwegazi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze uyeke ukopha xa ufumana inxeba.
• Ilawula amanqanaba olwelo kunye neetyuwa (ii-electrolytes) egazini lethu.
• Ikwanceda ekulawuleni ukudumba ngokuthintela iityhefu ukuba zingangeni kwizicwili zethu.

Ngoko ke yintoni eyenziwa yi-endothelin emzimbeni?

Sele sitshilo ukuba i-endothelin yinto enceda ekunciphiseni imithambo yegazi. Enyanisweni, i-endothelin yeyona vasoconstrictor inamandla emzimbeni wethu. Masiyihlalutye kancinci le gama:

• Inxalenye ethi "Vaso" ibhekisa kwimithambo yegazi kwinkqubo yethu yentliziyo.
• "I-Constrictor" okanye "i-constriction"Ukuxinana kuthetha ukuba imithambo yegazi iyancitshiswa okanye iyancitshiswa. Oku kuyacothisa ukuhamba kwegazi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuyayimisa.

Ngoko ke, into eyenziwa yi-endothelin kukunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Xa imithambo yegazi ixinene, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi. Yiyo loo nto uxinzelelo lusanda.

Kuthekani ukuba amanqanaba e-endothelin ayanda?

Ngokwesiqhelo, i-endothelin isebenza ngendlela eyingenelo emzimbeni wethu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ngesizathu esithile eli nqanaba le-endothelin liyakhula emzimbeni, linokubangela izifo ezininzi ezonakalisa intliziyo nemiphunga yethu . Khawucinge ngento eyenzekayo xa umbhobho wamanzi uvalekile kakhulu. Kunjalo kanye.

Ezinye zeemeko ezinokubangelwa kukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-endothelin zezi:

• I-atherosclerosis (isifo semithambo): Kule meko, amafutha aqokelelwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi , nto leyo enciphisa imithambo yegazi.
• Isifo sentliziyo esaphukileyo: Ubuthathaka bentliziyo ngenxa yoxinzelelo olukhawulezileyo.
• Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza .
• I-Cardiomyopathy : Ukubuthathaka kwemisipha yentliziyo.
• Isifo sentliziyo kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo , kunye nemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-endothelial dysfunction .
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-preeclampsia .
• Isifo sezintso kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso .
• I-pulmonary fibrosis kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemiphunga .
• I-Scleroderma : Ukujiya kolusu kunye nezicubu ezidityanisiweyo.

Khawucinge nje, uNimal ebenoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okwethutyana. Ugqirha uthe imithambo yegazi yakhe inciphile kancinci, kwaye amanqanaba akhe e-endothelin anokuba ayichaphazela. Ukwalumkisile nokuba ukuba akayithathi kakuhle amayeza akhe, oku kunokukhokelela ekuhlaselweni yintliziyo. Ngoko ke, ayingombono ulungileyo ukuyithatha lula le nto ye-endothelin.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-endothelin?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo zee-endothelin. Abaphandi bezonyango baqala ukuzichonga ngo-1987. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zee-endothelin, ezenziwe zii-peptide ezine ze-amino acid. Zonke ezintathu zi-vasoconstrictors.

Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo nolunamandla kakhulu lwe-endothelin emizimbeni yethu yi-endothelin-1 (ET-1). Abaphandi basafunda indlela ezinye iintlobo ezimbini, i-endothelin-2 (ET-2) kunye ne-endothelin-3 (ET-3), ezichaphazela ngayo imizimba yethu. Okwangoku, uninzi lwengqwalasela lujoliswe kwi-ET-1.

Zithini ii-endothelin receptors?

Zonke izicwili zomzimba wethu zine-endothelin receptors. Ezi receptors zifana nezikhonkwane zomnyango. Xa iimolekyuli ze-endothelin zifika zize zibophane kwezi receptors, zithumela umyalezo kwezo seli ukuba zenze into ethile. Le yindlela i-endothelin enxibelelana ngayo neeseli kuyo yonke imizimba yethu.

Amanqanaba e-endothelin alinganiswa njani?

Ukuba oogqirha bafuna ukwazi ukuba angakanani amanqanaba e-endothelin yakho, baya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi . Oku kulinganisa amanqanaba e-endothelin-1 (ET-1). Ifumaneka kwinxalenye yegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-plasma. I-Plasma yinxalenye yolwelo egazini eseleyo emva kokuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets zisusiwe.

Olu vavanyo lwegazi lungenziwa eofisini kagqirha wakho, esibhedlele, okanye elebhu. Ezinye iintlobo ze-endothelin kunzima ukuzilinganisa egazini ngale ndlela.

Iyunithi yokulinganisa i-endothelin yi-picograms nge -milliliter (pg/mL).

• Inqanaba eliqhelekileyo le-ET-1 kwi-plasma kumntu omdala limalunga ne-1 pg/mL ukuya kwi-2 pg/mL.
• Amanqanaba e-ET-1 kubantwana abancinci aphezulu kancinci.
• Kwakhona, kusenokubakho umahluko omncinci kula manqanaba phakathi kwamaqela eentlanga ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, abantu abaneengxaki ezithile zentliziyo okanye zemiphunga, ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemithambo yegazi, banezinga eliphezulu le-ET-1. Kwakhona, ezinye iindlela zonyango lwentliziyo, ezifana ne-balloon angioplasty, zinokunyusa okwethutyana amanqanaba e-endothelin.

Zithini ii-Endothelin Receptor Antagonists (ERA)?

Ezi luhlobo lwamayeza anikwayo xa inqanaba le-endothelin linyuka. Ii-Endothelin Receptor Antagonists (ERA) zisebenza ngokunciphisa ubungakanani be-endothelin emzimbeni wethu.

Ezi zezohlobo lonyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-"targetted therapy." Oko kukuthi, la mayeza ahamba ngqo aze ahlasele iiseli ezinengxaki kuphela, ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiiseli ezisempilweni. Njengomdubuli we-sniper, afikelela kanye kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo. Amayeza e-ERA asetyenziswa kakhulu ukunyanga iintlobo ezithile zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu emiphungeni (pulmonary arterial hypertension).

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kula mayeza e-ERA?

Njengayo nayiphi na imithi, amayeza e-ERA anokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Abafazi abakhulelweyo okanye abafazi abazama ukukhulelwa akufuneki bawasebenzise la mayeza e-ERA. Oku kungenxa yokuba la mayeza anokubangela iingxaki zokuzalwa komntwana ongakazalwa. Le yingxaki ebaluleke kakhulu.
• Amaxesha amaninzi, eli yeza linokubangela umonakalo kwisibindi. Ngoko ke, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze ahlole impilo yesibindi sakho rhoqo.
• Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zezi:
• Ukuqhinwa.
• Ukudumba kobuso (i-edema) okanye ukurhawuzelela.
• Intloko ebuhlungu .
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza kunye nesantya sentliziyo.

Ukuba uziva into efana nale, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze akwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo afunekayo.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto esifanele sizikhumbule kweli bali? (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, sithethe kakhulu nge-endothelin. Ngamafutshane:

• I-Endothelin yiproteni ebalulekileyo eveliswa emzimbeni enceda ekunciphiseni imithambo yegazi yethu nokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Oku kwenziwa ngomaleko weeseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-endothelium ezijikeleze imithambo yegazi yethu.
• Ukuba amanqanaba e-endothelin aphezulu kakhulu, imithambo yegazi inokuba mncinci kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo sentliziyo, kunye nesifo semiphunga .
• Amanqanaba e-Endothelin-1 (ET-1) egazini anokulinganiswa ngovavanyo lwegazi .
• Ii-Endothelin receptor antagonists (ii-ERA) luhlobo lwamayeza anciphisa amanqanaba e-endothelin. Zisetyenziselwa ngokukodwa uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu emiphungeni.
• Ukuba uthatha amayeza e-ERA, kufuneka ulumke ngakumbi ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nempilo yesibindi sakho.

Ngoko ke, ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unengxaki nge-Endothelin, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Ndiyathemba ukuba eli nqaku likunike ulwazi oluthile. Hlala usempilweni!

I- Endothelin, uxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo sentliziyo, isifo semiphunga, i-endothelium, iipeptides